Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Program Guide
Dear Colleagues,
It is our pleasure to welcome you to the 2014 Rejuvenation Biotechnology Conference.
The continuing growth of research into the underlying causes of the diseases of aging
brings with it the opportunity to build a Rejuvenation Biotechnology industry, an
industry which builds on the strengths of regenerative medicine. Together over the next
three days, we believe we can help create this new industry and inspire each other as
clinicians, researchers, patient advocates, regulators, venture capitalists, investors and
industry leaders to work together to make this happen.
This conference has been designed to offer something for everyone: from the
inspirational words of our scientific, business, and venture capital speakers to the latest
research on diseases, such as Alzheimers Disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and
diabetes. An entire track of sessions will cover the regulatory, financial, and economic
issues involved in building a Rejuvenation Biotechnology industry. We have also
scheduled plenty of time for networking with each other during our meal breaks, Poster
sessions and our evening entertainment.
We would like to thank each of your for attending the Rejuvenation Biotechnology
Conference and bringing your expertise to our gathering. You have the vision, the
knowledge, the wherewithal and the experience to come together to pave the way
into the future. Throughout this conference, we ask you to stay engaged, deepen your
understanding of the field, build communities of interest and create collaborations that
will help shape the future of the industry.
Thank you for choosing this conference. Enjoy your time here, and once again welcome to
the Rejuvenation Biotechnology Conference.
Mike Kope
CEO, SENS Research Foundation
Aubrey de Grey
CSO, SENS Research Foundation
Table of Contents
Welcome Letter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Conference Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Speaker Biographies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Sponsors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Poster Abstracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
H
Networking Meals, Posters and
Exhibits in Ballrooms EFGH
SANTA CLARA
CONVENTION
CENTER
G
F
A
Keynotes, Plenary & Concurrent Panels,
and Performances in Ballrooms ABCD
Ballrooms
B
C
TUSCA
COURTYARD
ELEVATORS
TUSCA RESTAURANT
TO PARKING STRUCTURE
LOBBY
WEST
RESTROOMS
NAPA I
NAPA II
NAPA III
SONOMA
@ THE MARKET
REGENCY CLUB
FRONT
DESK
RESTROOMS
POOL ELEVATOR
TRUYA SUSHI
LOUNGE
CONCIERGE
GIFT SHOP
CABANAS
MENDOCINO
EVOLUTION
CAFE AND BAR
SWIMMING POOL
TERRA COURTYARD
UP TO BALLROOM
NETWORK
MEETING
CENTER
RESTROOMS
ATM
WHIRLPOOL
MAGNOLIA
HOTEL ENTRANCE
Conference Schedule
Day 1: Thursday, August 21, 2014
8:00 am
8:00 am
9:00 am
Opening Remarks - Michael Kope, CEO , SENS Research Foundation - [Ballrooms ABCD]
9:30 am
Keynote: George Church, Professor of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Professor of Health
Sciences and Technology, Harvard and MIT: New Epigenome Analysis and Engineering
10:30 am
Molecular and Cellular Damage as the Cause of the Diseases of Aging Panel - [Ballrooms ABCD]
This panel will discuss the idea that the diseases of aging may stem from molecular and cellular
damage that accrues with age. Topics of discussion will include the types of damage that may
be involved, examples of how this applies to one or more diseases, and thoughts on how basic
research and industry could use this concept to drive therapeutic target identification and drug
treatment/development.
Richard Barker, Director, Center for the Advancement of Sustainable Medical Innovation:
(Moderator)
Aubrey de Grey, Co-Founder and Chief Science Officer, SENS Research Foundation
Caleb Finch, ARCO/Kieschnick Professor of Gerontology and Biological Science and University
Professor, USC Davis School of Gerontology
Jeff Karp, Associate Professor, Harvard Medical School, Co-Director of the Center for
Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Womens Hospital
Stephen Minger, Chief Scientist, Cellular Sciences, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, UK
12:00 pm
Conference Schedule
1:00 pm
[Ballroom D]
[Ballrooms BC]
Toward a New Investment
Paradigm Panel
This panel will discuss the challenges in
bringing new and especially preventative
therapies to treat the diseases of aging
from the research lab to the market.
The panel will offer and discuss new
investment paradigms that could drive
drug and therapeutic development.
Conference Schedule
Day 1: Thursday, August 21, 2014
2:30 pm
Neurodegenerative Disease
[Ballroom D]
of Bioprinting in Rejuvenation
[Ballrooms BC]
The Economic Impact of an Aging
Population on the Healthcare
System Panel
This panel will discuss the impending
economic crisis the healthcare system
will soon face caring for the ever-growing
elderly population and possible solutions
to this crisis, such as an outcomes-based
healthcare model.
Conference Schedule
4:00 pm
4:30 pm
Advancing Regenerative Therapies in Alzheimers and Cardiovascular Disease Panel - [Ballrooms ABCD]
This panel will bring together speakers from sessions throughout the day to consider the promise
of a damage repair strategy to develop therapeutics for the diseases of aging. Discussion will
include a summary of the accomplishments of the Alzheimers community in suggesting an
innovative drug development strategy as well as debate about how such a strategy could
apply to cardiovascular therapies. In particular, the panel will consider the impact applying
a strategy similar to the ACT-AD proposal would have on cardiovascular disease therapeutic
development, investment in cardiovascular drug development, and the healthcare system.
8:00 pm
Conference Schedule
Day 2: Friday, August 22, 2014
8:00 am
8:00 am
9:00 am
9:30 am
Keynote: Jim ONeill, Partner and Chief Operating Officer, Mithril Capital Management:
Fight Aging with a Durable Business - [Ballrooms ABCD]
10:30 am
Richard Barker, Director, Center for the Advancement of Sustainable Medical Innovation:
(Moderator)
Julie Allickson, Director, Translational Research, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine
Judith Campisi, Professor, Buck Institute for Research on Aging
Howard Foyt, Vice President, Clinical Development and Chief Medical Officer, Viacyte, Inc
Daniel Kraft, Faculty Chair for Medicine, Singularity University
12:00 pm
Conference Schedule
1:00 pm
[Ballroom D]
Cancer Session
[Ballrooms BC]
Risk-Benefit Analysis in Therapies for
the Diseases and Disabilities of Aging
Today, the translation of healthcare
innovations into patient outcomes is
an inherently multi-stakeholder effort.
Consequently, there is a major need to
maintain rigor and independence in the
regulation of healthcare innovations,
while improving regulatory transparency
and opportunities for multi-stakeholder
input to accommodate fundamental
changes in the life-science ecosystem and
global healthcare demands. A key strategy
in this endeavor is the development and
utilization of novel risk-benefit appraisal
methodologies, leveraging advances
in patient reported outcomes (PROMS),
stratified medicines including big data
and risk management methodologies
utilized presently in other industries.
2:30 pm
Conference Schedule
Day 2: Friday, August 22, 2014
3:30 pm
Advancing Regenerative Therapies in Cancer and Parkinsons Disease Panel - [Ballrooms ABCD]
This panel will bring together speakers from throughout the day to summarize the impact of
the I-SPY TRIAL 2 program on drug trial design for Alzheimers therapeutics and speculate on
the applicability of trial designs similar to the one proposed for Alzheimers Disease to the
development of therapeutics for other diseases of aging, such as Parkinsons Disease and cancer.
Institute for Health Policy Studies and Director, Carol Franc Buck Breast Care Center; Co-Leader,
Breast Oncology Program, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University
of California, San Francisco
5:30 pm
8:00 pm
10
Conference Schedule
Day 3: Saturday, August 23, 2014
8:00 am
9:00 am
Keynote: Peter Diamandis, Co-founder and Vice Chairman, Human Longevity, Inc, Founder and
CEO, X PRIZE Foundation: Creating a Culture of Innovation and Breakthroughs - [Ballrooms ABCD]
10:00 am
Applying a Damage Repair Paradigm to Developing Therapies for the Diseases of Aging
Panel - [Ballrooms ABCD]
Building upon the discussion of a damage repair paradigm from days 1 and 2, this panel will weigh
the benefits of application of a damage repair paradigm to drug development to combat the
diseases of aging. Discussion will include the feasibility of applying such a strategy, the advantages
and disadvantages such a model would confer, and an analysis of the regulatory changes that
would be required to make such a paradigm possible.
Richard Barker, Director, Center for the Advancement of Sustainable Medical Innovation:
(Moderator)
Julie Allickson, Director, Translational Research, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine
Stephen Minger, Chief Scientist, Cellular Sciences, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, UK
Evan Snyder, Director, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Director, Stem Cell Research
Center and Core Facility, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute
11:30 am
11
Conference Schedule
Day 3: Saturday, August 23, 2014
12:30 pm
[Ballroom D]
Diabetes Session
This session will highlight current musculoskeletal disease research. Presenters will
discuss how molecular or cellular damage
is believed to lead to their musculoskeletal
disease of interest and how their research
may contribute to delaying or preventing
the disease.
[Ballrooms BC]
Regulating a Damage Repair
Approach to Cure the Diseases of
Aging Panel
Escalating societal healthcare needs have
driven an unprecedented era of biomedical
innovation. However, the development of
candidate technologies without consideration of a robust regulatory strategy is likely
to contribute to stymied patient access and
commercial viability. Therefore, this session
will consider worldwide efforts to rapidly
and proportionally develop international
regulatory processes to accommodate
increasingly heterogeneous and unfamiliar
healthcare technologies and their swift
translation from lab to bedside.
12
Conference Schedule
1:30 pm
Break
2:00 pm
Advancing Regenerative Therapies in Musculoskeletal Disease and Diabetes Panel - [Ballrooms ABCD]
This panel will bring together speakers from the morning sessions to consider the possibility of
applying a drug trial design similar to the ones emerging from the Alzheimers Disease and cancer
communities. The feasibility of applying such a model will be considered with the biology of the
disease, regulatory concerns, and pharmaceutical needs in mind.
3:00 pm
Dana Goldman, Leonard D. Schaeffer Chair and Director of the Schaeffer Center for Health Policy
and Economics, University of Southern California
4:30 pm
Conference Concludes
13
Speaker Biographies
Julie Allickson
14
Julie Andersen
As a renowned
expert on Parkinsons disease, Dr.
Andersen is
pursuing a wide
array of leads
toward treatments
for this complex
neurodegenerative
disorder. She has
identified several early risk signals for
Parkinsons, an age-related illness that
causes a progressive decline in movement
and muscle control. The symptoms can
include shaking hands and difficulty with
walking.
Richard Barker
Richard is a strategic
advisor, speaker and
author on healthcare and life
sciences. He is
Director of the
Centre for the
Advancement of
Sustainable Medical
Innovation, a major
European initiative aimed at transforming
the R&D and regulatory processes in life
sciences to bring advances more rapidly
and affordably to patients.
He is also chairman of the South London
Academic Health Science Network, accelerating innovation in this region of the
NHS, and Chairman of Stem Cells for Safer
Medicines, a public-private partnership
developing stem cell technology for
predicting the safety profile of new medicines. He is a board member of Celgene, a
major US-based bio-therapeutics company
and of iCo Therapeutics, a Canadian
bioscience company.
His 25-year business career in healthcare
has spanned biopharmaceuticals, diagnostics and medical informatics both in
the USA and Europe. Most recently he was
Director General of the Association of the
British Pharmaceutical Industry, member
of the Executive Committee of EFPIA (the
European industry association) and Council
member of IFPMA (the international
equivalent).
As a co-founder of Life Sciences UK,
member of the NHS Stakeholder Forum,
vice-chair of the UK Clinical Trials Collaboration and in many other roles, he has
advised successive UK governments on
healthcare issues, especially those relating
to developing, valuing and using new
healthcare technologies.
His past leadership roles include head of
McKinseys European healthcare practice,
General Manager of Healthcare Solutions
for IBM and Chief Executive of Chiron
Diagnostics. He was also Chairman and
Chief Executive of Molecular Staging, a US
bioscience company, now part of Qiagen.
Speaker Biographies
David Brindley
Ashley Bush
Judith Campisi
Judith Campisi
received a PhD in
Biochemistry from
the State University
of New York at Stony
Brook, and postdoctoral training in
cell cycle regulation
and cancer at the
Dana-Farber Cancer
Institute and Harvard Medical School. As an
Assistant Professor at the Boston University
Medical School, she began to focus her
laboratory on role of cellular senescence in
suppressing the development cancer, but
soon became convinced that senescent cells
also contributed to aging. She left Boston
University as an Associate Professor to
accept a Senior Scientist position at the
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in
1991. In 2002, she established a laboratory
at the Buck Institute for Age Research,
where she is a Professor.
At both institutions, Campisi established
a broad program to understand various
aspects of aging, with an emphasis on the
interface between cancer and aging. Her laboratory made several pioneering discoveries
in these areas. Her research continues to
challenge and alter existing
In recognition of the quality of her research
and leadership, Campisi received numerous
awards, including two MERIT awards from
the US National Institute on Aging, awards
from the AlliedSignal Corporation, Gerontological Society of America and American
Guillermo Garca-Cardea
Guillermo Garcia
Cardena is an
Associate Professor
of Pathology at
Harvard Medical
School, and the
Director of the
Laboratory for
Systems Biology at
the Center for
Excellence in Vascular Biology, Brigham and
Womens Hospital, Boston. He received his
Ph.D. degree from Yale University, working
with William C. Sessa on the molecular
regulation of nitric oxide production in
vascular endothelium. His postdoctoral
research with Michael A. Gimbrone Jr. at
Harvard Medical School was on studies of
endothelial cell gene expression, hemodynamics, and atherogenesis.
Christy Carter
15
Speaker Biographies
this area of research to other special aging
populations such as the frail and obese, and
has developed combinatorial therapies,
using these compounds in conjunction with
behavioral modification such as exercise.
George Church
George Church is
Professor of Genetics
at Harvard Medical
School and Director
of PersonalGenomes.
org, which provides
the worlds only
open-access
information on
human Genomic,
Environmental & Trait data (GET). His 1984
Harvard PhD included the first methods for
direct genome sequencing, molecular
multiplexing & barcoding. These led to the
first genome sequence (pathogen, Helicobacter pylori) in 1994. His innovations have
contributed to nearly all next generation
genome sequencing methods and companies (CGI, Life, Illumina, nanopore). This plus
chip-based DNA synthesis and stem cell
engineering resulted in founding additional
application-based companies spanning
fields of medical diagnostics (Knome,
Alacris, AbVitro, Pathogenica ) and synthetic
biology / therapeutics ( Joule, Gen9, Editas,
Egenesis, enEvolv, WarpDrive).
He has also pioneered new privacy, biosafety , environmental & biosecurity policies.
He is director of NIH Center for Excellence
in Genomic Science. His honors include
election to NAS & NAE & Franklin Bower
Laureate for Achievement in Science. He has
coauthored 330 papers, 60 patents & one
book (Regenesis).
Bob Clay
16
Aubrey de Grey
Peter Diamandis
Rachelle Doody
Speaker Biographies
Medicine and has a Ph.D. in Cognitive
Anthropology from Rice University where she
studied the brain and language.
She has published over 170 original research
articles, most dealing with the diagnosis,
progression, or treatment of Alzheimers
Disease. She has received multiple research
grants, including a Zenith Award from
the National Alzheimers Association, and
designed and conducted numerous clinical
trials of Alzheimers Disease therapies. She
participates in National and International
collaborative efforts, review boards, and
advisory boards including Steering
Committees for the NIH AD Cooperative
Study and AD Neuroimaging Initiatives, and
the Steering Committee for the Texas AD
Research and Care Consortium.
Current research interests include studies to
understand and model the progression of
Alzheimers Disease, studies of clinical heterogeneity, and research and development
of new medications to treat Alzheimers
Disease. She works with many biopharmaceutical and large pharma collaborators in
the assessment and experimental testing of
a diverse group of potential AD therapies.
She has served on the Texas Council on
Alzheimers Disease and Related Disorders,
and the Board of Directors for the Houston
and Southeast Texas Chapter of the Alzheimers Association.
Laura Esserman
Dr. Esserman is a
surgeon and breast
cancer oncology
specialist, and is the
Director of the Carol
Franc Buck Breast
Care Center at the
University of
California, San
Francisco (UCSF). In
1996, she started the Center of Excellence for
Breast Cancer Care at UCSF to integrate
clinical care and research, automate tools for
the capture of patient and clinical data, and
develop systems to tailor care to biology,
patient preference, and performance.
Dr. Esserman is nationally and internationally
known as a leader in the field of breast
cancer and has published over 200 articles.
She served as a member of a taskforce for
President Obamas Council of Advisors on
Science and Technology (PCAST) Working
Caleb Finch
Gabor Forgacs
17
Speaker Biographies
Howard Foyt
Dana Goldman
Dana Goldman is a
Professor and the
Leonard D. Schaeffer
Chair in Health
Policy at the
University of
Southern California.
He is also the
inaugural director of
the Schaeffer Center
for Health Policy and Economics, one of the
nations premier health policy research
institutions. Dr. Goldman is the author of
over 150 articles and book chapters,
including publications in the most prestigious medical, economic, health policy, and
statistics journals. He is a health policy
advisor to the Congressional Budget Office,
18
Claudia Gravekamp
Claudia Gravekamp,
PhD, is an Associate
Professor in the
Department of
Microbiology and
Immunology of the
Albert Einstein
College of Medicine
in New York, and a
member of the
Albert Einstein Cancer Center. She received
her PhD in 1988 in the field of Tumor
Immunology at the Erasmus University in
Rotterdam, The Netherlands. From 1987
to1993, she served as head of the Laboratory for Leptospirosis at the Royal Tropical
Institute in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. In
1993, she started as a Research Fellow in
Medicine at the Channing Laboratory of the
Brigham and Womens Hospital, Harvard
Medical School, and soon became an
Instructor in Medicine until 1998. There, she
developed vaccines against Group B
Streptococcus and gained expertise in the
Catalina Hoffman
Catalina Hoffman is
a leader in the
elderly sector for her
trajectory as
entrepreneur,
business woman
and Hoffmann
Methods creator.
She graduated with
a PDD from the IESE
Business School of Navarra University. She
has studied Occupational Therapy and is a
specialist in cognitive stimulation. The
Hoffmann Method offers an innovative
system of care and personalized attention
which takes into account the physical,
cognitive, psychological and social areas. It
has achieved improvements in the health
and quality of life of many people. It
includes a network of partners in the social,
health, scientific and technological sphere.
She is a member of the Board of Spain Startups Governing Council. She was named
President of SECOT in June 2013. She is
an associate and mentor of the European
Professional Womens Network. From
this network, she is godmother of Mapel
Project of Ayuda en Accin (NOG), aimed to
craftswoman entrepreneurs in Ecuador.
She also received national and international
recognitions including The Harvard
Business School Expansion Award for the
Speaker Biographies
Entrepreneurship. She was added to The
Top 100 Women Leaders in Spain 2012.
Plataforma Editorial published her first
book Emprender soando. The Prince of
Girona Foundation granted her the Award
of Business Woman 2013. The Association of
Young Entrepreneur of Madrid named her
the Young Entrepreneur of Madrid 2014.
In 2013, she created the Catalina Hoffmann
Holding Group, a group of companies
specialized in different areas of science,
health, health care, new technologies,
consulting, innovation and development
of new products and services. It includes
Vitalia, Hoffman Elderly,Hoffmann HealthCare Innovation and Catalina Hoffmann
Foundation.
Chris Hornsby
Chris academic
background is in
applied mathematics and epidemiology, his doctoral
research at University College London
was focused on
probabilistic models
of the multistage
development of cancer. Chris joined the
LifeRisks group at RMS in 2008 working
initially as lead developer of the RMS
Longevity Risk Model and subsequently
more broadly on insurance capital reserving and risk transfer applications in respect
of both life catastrophe and longevity.
Chris has played a key role, through the
provision of expert risk analysis, in the early
development of capital markets based
solutions for hedging longevity risk.
Jean Hbert
Dr. Jerome is
Associate Professor
of Pathology,
Microbiology and
Immunology and
Associate Professor
of Cancer Biology at
Vanderbilt University. He is also
Co-Director of the
Cell Imaging Shared Resource at Vanderbilt.
Jay is a Past-president of the Microscopy
Society of America, the Co-Editor of a
textbook on confocal microscopy, and an
Editor for the journal Microscopy and
Microanalysis.
Young Jang
W. Gray Jerome
Jeffrey Karp
Jeff Karp is an
Associate Professor
at Brigham and
Womens Hospital,
Harvard Medical
School, and is
Principal Faculty at
the Harvard Stem
Cell Institute and
affiliate faculty at MIT
through the Harvard-MIT Division of Health
Sciences and Technology. His research uses
19
Speaker Biographies
materials and biology to solve medical
problems with emphasis on nanoscale/
microscale materials and bio-inspiration. He
has published more than 100 peer-reviewed
papers and book chapters and has given over
130 national and international invited lectures
and has 50 issued or pending patents. Several
technologies that he has invented are
currently being translated into medical
products to improve the quality of life of
suffering patients.
In 2011 the Boston Business Journal recognized Dr. Karp as a Champion in Healthcare
Innovation and in 2013 the Institute for
Chemical Engineers (IChemE) awarded one
of his technologies the Most Innovative
Product of the Year. MITs Technology
Review Magazine (TR35) also recognized
Dr. Karp as being one of the top innovators
in the world under the age of 35. He has
received the Society for Biomaterials Young
Investigator Award and his work has been
selected as one of Popular Mechanics
Top 20 New Biotech Breakthroughs that
Will Change Medicine. Dr. Karp was also
elected in 2013 to the American Institute
for Medical and Biological Engineerings
College of Fellows and as a Kavli Fellow.
Dr. Karp is also an acclaimed mentor. He
was selected as the Outstanding Faculty
Undergraduate Mentor among all Faculty
at MIT and received the HST McMahon
Mentoring award for being the top mentor
among all faculty who mentor HarvardMIT students.
Michael Kope
Michael Kope is
President, Chief
Executive Officer,
and Co-founder of
the SENS Research
Foundation. Mr.
Kope received his
J.D. from the
University of
Michigan in 1990.
He has served as the University of
Michigans Intellectual Property Counsel;
as Director of Corporate Development for
Aviron, and for MedImmune, Inc.; and as
CEO and officer of a number of start-ups in
the biotechnology space. He specializes in
business development and consulting,
and is widely experienced with biotechnology organizations.
20
Daniel Kraft
Daniel Kraft is a
Stanford and
Harvard trained
physician-scientist,
inventor, entrepreneur and innovator.
Dr. Kraft has over 20
years of experience
in clinical practice,
biomedical research
and healthcare innovation. Daniel chairs
the Medicine track for Singularity University and is Founding Executive Director for
FutureMed (now called Exponential
Medicine), a program which explores
convergent, exponentially developing
technologies and their potential in
biomedicine and healthcare.
Following undergraduate degrees at
Brown University and medical school at
Stanford, Dr. Kraft was board certified in
the Harvard combined Internal Medicine
and Pediatrics residency program at the
Massachusetts General Hospital and
Boston Childrens Hospital. He went on
to complete Stanford fellowships in
hematology/oncology & bone marrow
transplantation, and to conduct extensive
research in stem cell biology and
regenerative medicine. He has multiple
scientific publications (including in the
journals Nature and Science) and medical
device, immunology and stem cell related
patents through faculty positions with
Stanford University School of Medicine
and as clinical faculty for the pediatric
bone marrow transplantation service at
University of California San Francisco.
Dr. Kraft recently founded Bioniq Health,
focused on enabling connected, data
driven, and integrated personalized
medicine. He is also the inventor of the
MarrowMiner, an FDA approved device
for the minimally invasive harvest of
bone marrow, and founded RegenMed
Systems, a company developing technologies to enable adult stem cell based
regenerative therapies.
Neil Littman
Jeanne Loring
Speaker Biographies
their derivatives, in order to ensure the
quality and safety of these cells for clinical
use. The teams translational projects include
development of cell therapies for Parkinsons disease, multiple sclerosis, and
Alzheimer disease, and epigenetic modeling
of autism. The team is also producing an
ethnically diverse library of iPSC (induced
pluripotent stem cell) lines for use in
pharmaceutical screening. In addition, her
lab is developing a zoo of induced
pluripotent stem cells from endangered
species to aid in their conservation.
Dr. Loring is committed to educating both
scientists and the public. She has trained
more than 400 scientists over the last 10
years in intensive laboratory courses in
human ES and iPSC biology, and is author
of a comprehensive laboratory manual on
human pluripotent stem cells (Human
Stem Cell Manual: a Laboratory Guide, in
second edition, 2012). She is frequently
quoted in major newspapers, and gives
numerous public lectures and interviews
to inform the public about biological and
societal issues associated with stem cell
research, including the ethics of stem
cell generation and clinical use, the legal
implications of stem cell patents, and
public education about the dangers of
unregulated stem cell treatments (stem
cell tourism). Dr. Loring serves on both
bioethics and scientific advisory boards.
Linda Marban
Linda Marban is
currently CEO,
President and
Director of Caprico
Therapeutics. She
combines her
background in
research with her
business experience
to lead Capricor and
create a path to commercialization for its
novel stem-cell cardiac therapies. Dr.
Marban was the lead negotiator in procuring the license agreements that are the
foundation of Capricors intellectual
property portfolio. Under her direction as
Chief Executive Officer, Capricor secured
approximately $27.0 million in nondilutive
grants and a loan award which funds
Capricors R&D programs and clinical trials
involving its CAP-1002 product. Dr. Marbans
deep knowledge of the cardiac space in
particular, allows her to provide unique
Andrew Martello
Andrew Martello is
co-founder & CEO of
Spoonful of Sugar
(SoS). He leads an
expert team
developing
academically-led
adherence consultancy and evidence-based
adherence solutions to global healthcare
providers and the pharmaceutical industry.
Stephen Minger
21
Speaker Biographies
was also one of the first two groups in the
UK to be granted a research license by
the HFEA in 2008 to pursue Somatic Cell
Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) to generate hybrid
human embryos for fundamental research
into genetic forms of neurodegenerative
conditions. He was activity involved with
the UK Department of Health and in the
consultation that led to the passage of
the Human Embryo Bill of 2009 and the
inclusion of new forms of animal-human
embryos within primary legislation.
In the summer of 2013, Stephen was
appointed Chief Scientist for Cellular
Sciences, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, and
is now responsible for long-term global
research strategy for technology development in cell therapy, regenerative medicine,
cellular technologies, in vivo diagnostic
imaging and molecular pathology/personalized medicine.
Peter Nakada
22
Edward James
Olmos (Axford) has
achieved extraordinary success as an
actor, producer and
humanitarian. The
Tony, Emmy and
Academy Award
Nominated actor, is
probably best
known to young audiences for his work on
television series Battlestar Galatica as
Admiral William Adama. Although the
series kept the actor busy during its run
from 2003 through 2009, it didnt stop him
from directing the HBO movie Walkout
in 2007, for which he earned a DGA
Nomination in the Outstanding Directorial
Achievement in Movies for Television
category.
Olmos earned two Golden Globe and
Emmy Award nominations, resulting in
a win from each. In 1988, he received an
Academy Award nomination for Best Actor
for his starring role in Stand and Deliver
and won the Golden Globe for his portrayal
of Jaime Escalante in Stand and Deliver.
Olmos career in entertainment spans over
30 years. In that time he created a signature style and aesthetic that he applies to
every artist endeavor. His dedication to his
craft has brought him worldwide attention.
Olmos went on to appear in the films
Wolfen, Blade Runner, and the Ballad of
Gregorio Cortez before starring in his
biggest role to date, that of Lieutenant
Martin Castillo in the iconic 80s television
series Miami Vice.
Jim ONeill
Speaker Biographies
Brock Reeve
Brock Reeve is
Executive Director
of the Harvard Stem
Cell Institute. In
partnership with the
Faculty Directors, he
has overall responsibility for the
operations and
strategy of the
Institute whose mission is to use stem cells,
both as tools and as therapies, to understand and treat the root causes of leading
degenerative diseases.
HSCI is comprised of the schools of Harvard
University and all its affiliated hospitals and
research institutions. Under the leadership
of the Executive Committee, HSCI invests in
scientific research and its faculty has grown
to include over 300 Principal and Affiliated
members. The Institute is engaged with
several leading pharmaceutical companies
and foundations in joint research projects
and its faculty have founded several stem
cell-related startup companies and serve on
leading Scientific Advisory Boards.
Brock came to this role from the commercial
sector with extensive experience in both
management consulting and operations for
technology-based companies, with a focus
on life sciences. Brock received a BA and
MPhil from Yale University and an MBA from
Harvard Business School.
Camillo Ricordi
Camillo Ricordi is
Professor and
Director of the
Diabetes Research
Institute (DRI; www.
diabetesresearch.
org ) and the Cell
Transplant Program
at the University of
Miami.
David Schaffer
David Schaffer is a
Professor of
Chemical and
Biomolecular
Engineering,
Bioengineering, and
Neuroscience at
University of
California, Berkeley,
where he also
serves as the Director of the Berkeley Stem
Cell Center. He graduated from Stanford
University with a B.S. degree in Chemical
Engineering in 1993. Afterward, he
attended Massachusetts Institute of
Technology and earned his Ph.D. also in
Chemical Engineering in 1998. Finally, he
did a postdoctoral fellowship in the
laboratory of Fred Gage at the Salk Institute
for Biological Studies in La Jolla, CA before
moving to UC Berkeley in 1999.
Dale Schenk
23
Speaker Biographies
Michael Sherratt
Following a PhD
and postdoctoral
positions with
Professor Cay Kielty
at the University of
Manchester,
Michael was
awarded an AgeUK
Fellowship and
Senior Fellowship.
He is currently a Lecturer in Molecular
Biochemistry at the University of Manchester and director of the BioAFM (atomic
force microscopy) Facility at the same
institution. For the past four years he has
served as treasurer of the British Society for
Research on Ageing and his main research
interests are in the effects of ageing on
tissue extracellular matrix structure and
mechanical function.
Using biochemical, ultra-structural, bioinformatic and micro-mechanical approaches,
Michaels work suggests that: i) elastic
fibre associated proteins (which are highly
enriched in Cys, Trp and Tyr amino acid
residues) may be differentially susceptible
to UV-radiation and oxidation in ageing
tissues and ii) the effects of ageing on tissue
mechanical properties are localized in large
arteries such as the aorta.
In collaboration with colleagues in the
Manchester X-ray Imaging Facility he is now
developing new imaging methodologies
to characterize the effects of intra-luminal
pressure on the 3D structure of young and
aged arteries.
Bernard Siegel
24
Eric Siemers
Einar M. Sigurdsson
Einar M. Sigurdsson,
Ph.D. is a tenured
Associate Professor
of Neuroscience and
Physiology, and
Psychiatry at New
York University
School of Medicine.
A native of Iceland,
he received a
masters degree in Pharmacy from the
University of Iceland, and a Ph.D. in Pharmacology from Loyola University Chicago
Medical Center. He subsequently obtained
postdoctoral training at New York University
School of Medicine.
His current research focuses on pathogenesis, therapy and diagnosis for age-related
protein conformational disorders, in
particular Alzheimers disease.
His honors include a Zenith Fellows Award
and the Margaret M. Cahn Research Award
from the Alzheimers Association, and the
Irma T. Hirschl Career Scientist Award. He is
presently serving as a standing member on
an NIH study section.
Dr. Sigurdsson and his collaborators pioneered the use of modified A derivatives
as potential immunotherapy for Alzheimers
disease. Furthermore, they showed for the
first time that active and passive immunization as well as chelators delayed the onset
of prion disease in mice, with follow up
immunization studies leading to prevention
of clinical symptoms in mice.
On the diagnostic front, Dr. Sigurdsson
and colleagues published the initial report
on detection of amyloid plaques in living
Speaker Biographies
mouse brains by magnetic resonance imaging. Lately, he has pioneered the approach
to harness the immune system to target
pathological tau protein in Alzheimers
disease and other tauopathies.
Evan Y. Snyder
Michael D. West
Michael D. West,
Ph.D. became Chief
Executive Officer of
Biotime during
October 2007, and
has served on the
Board of Directors
since 2002. Prior to
becoming Chief
Executive Officer, Dr.
West served as Chief Executive Officer,
President, and Chief Scientific Officer of
Advanced Cell Technology, Inc., a company
engaged in developing human stem cell
technology for use in regenerative medicine.
Claude Wischik
Claude Wischik is
Professor of Old Age
Psychiatry at the
University of
Aberdeen and
Executive Chairman
of TauRx Therapeutics. He studied
medicine in
Australia, then PhD
and post-doctoral research at the MRC
Laboratory of Cambridge, UK. He also
completed psychiatric training in
Cambridge.
James Yoo
25
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OF
SENS7 Conference
September 3 to 7, 2015
Queens College
Cambridge, England
Poster Abstracts
1. THE TARGETED DELIVERY OF CYTOKINES BY
AUTOLOGOUS ERYTHROCYTE GHOSTS
Authors: Berikkhanova K, Gulyayev A, Shulgau Z, Ibrasheva D,
Bokebaev Z, Mussin N, Nurgozhin T, Askarova S, Zhumadilov Z
Presenter Institutions: PI Center for Life Sciences; JSC Nazarbayev
University
Targeted delivery of cytokines by autologous erythrocyte ghosts
may create high concentrations of cytokines in blood plasma or
in certain body tissues for a long period of time. This is highly
important in treatment of surgical patients with purulent diseases.
Activity of various cytokines has been studied and the results for
interleukin IL-1 and recombinant human angiogenin activity
are presented. The goal of this research was to assess the activity
of IL-1 and recombinant human angiogenin encapsulated into
erythrocyte ghosts compared to intravenously injected free form
of both cytokines.
Cytokines were encapsulated by the method of hypotonic hemolysis. The experiments were performed using albino rats with
mass of 200.0-220.0 g (n = 28). Both cytokines were used in two
dosage forms: encapsulated in autologous erythrocyte ghosts
and standard free form. Animals were randomly divided into four
groups, and each group received a different kind of intravenous
injection of a certain cytokine via the tail vein. Group A received
500 g of free IL-1, group B received an injection of erythrocyte
ghosts loaded with 500 g of IL-1. Group C received 4000 pg of
free angiogenin, group D received an injection of erythrocyte
ghosts loaded with 4000 pg of angiogenin. For all groups serum
samples were collected at 15, 30, 60, 180, 540, 720, and 1440 minutes after IV injections. Homogenates of liver, spleen, lung, heart,
kidney, and adipose tissue were obtained 24 hours after injections.
Concentrations of the tested substances in the collected organs
and blood plasma were measured by ELISA. Modeling was performed using Borgia 1.03 software.
We observed an increased half-life period (T1/2) for encapsulated
IL-1 and angiogenin compared to the control. After introduction
of free IL-1 the half-life period was equal to about one hour,
when administration of loaded erythrocyte ghosts allowed the
half-life period to increase by more than 15 fold (1043.40 137.92
min). After introduction of free angiogenin the half-life period was
equal to about 32 min., when administration of loaded erythrocyte ghosts allowed the half-life period to increase by more than
9 fold (296,3 31.6 min). The increase of the residence time of
cytokines in the body when administered in the form of loaded
erythrocyte ghosts can be explained by reduction of elimination
constant (Cel) and clearance (CLel). High levels of IL-1 and angiogenin activity remained in the blood throughout 24 hours. We
also observed an increased concentration of IL-1 and angiogenin
in liver, and spleen during at least 24 hours; when administered in
free form, IL-1 and angiogenin disappeared from these organs
within 6 hours.
Erythrocyte ghosts provide prolong action of IL-1 and angiogenin in the body by increasing the half-life period, reducing the
clearance and elimination time, as well as due to the deposition of
IL-1 and angiogenin in liver and spleen. These data suggest that
33
Poster Abstracts
recent papers that present unequivocal evidence of Maillard
reactions in plants. Significantly, these reactions appear to be
stimulated by photosynthesis.
These studies, however, neglected to probe the most important
Maillard-related compound in plants; ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate
(RuBP). This indispensable photosynthetic intermediate is found
in high concentrations in all chloroplasts and is an extremely
potent glycating agent.
We postulate that RuBP-mediated glycation and defenses against
it are important factors in determining senescence of plants and
that understanding these processes may be of value in devising
anti-Maillard therapies for humans.
34
Poster Abstracts
The study shows that utilization of peptide carriers modified
with CXCR4 ligand is a promising approach to development of a
targeted nucleic acid delivery system to human cancer cells. Complexes containing these carriers and siRNA significantly down-regulate VEGF expression in human glioblastoma and endothelial
cells, inhibit VEGF protein production and migration of endothelial cells in vitro and thus can be used to develop anti-angiogenic
treatment for solid tumor cancers.
This work was supported by OPTEC company fellowship, RFBR
grant 12-04-31400-mol-a and by the Ministry of education and
science of Russia (no. 8142).
35
Poster Abstracts
heart retrograde perfusion tests were conducted and revealed
similar levels of response at baseline and even after calcium and
isoproterenol stimulations in both groups of old mice. Overall,
our studies suggest that MR-induced hyperhomocysteinemia
may not affect cardiac function in mice.
36
Poster Abstracts
fraction of general intelligence (Spearmans g). That finding
has biological and pathophysiological implications. Future studies
can now identify the biomarkers that mediate the association
between age and scores. Those might offer opportunities for
the specific remediation, modulation or prevention of age-related
cognitive disability.
37
Poster Abstracts
dysregulation and contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. The
knowledge about the role of epigenetics in the progression of this
neurodevelopmental disorder provides a perfect opportunity to
design rationale therapeutic strategies, for example, contextual
memory deficits can be completely reversed by the administration of histone deacetylases.
38
Poster Abstracts
Although genetic molecular fidelity reduction is inevitable
given the current evolutionary state of mammals, the amount of
energetic resources an organism invests into maintaining genetic
fidelity can modulate the rate of decay but with diminishing
returns. Considering that cellular energy spent on genetic fidelity
is unavailable for other processes, species have evolved in a way
that balances the requirement for maintaining genetic fidelity
with other energy consuming processes, thus establishing a
compromise between lifespan and other factors that provide
selective advantage.
The results of these analyses provide important insight into the
causal relationships of different classes of biomolecular degradation in the aging process. Establishing a hierarchal causal diagram
of the aging process is important for a number of reasons. The
multitude of aging theories, the discontinuities between them,
and the failure of the scientific community to agree on root causes
of aging has hindered public acceptance of the feasibility of aging
research as a means to extend useful lifespan. This discourages
investment. Beyond contributing towards public acceptance, a
clearer understanding of the causal relationships involved in the
aging process, by definition, helps distinguish between cause
and effect, and thus is valuable in the identification of potential
targets for therapies.
39
Poster Abstracts
dysfunction, and altered signaling pathways, including cadherin
and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-), in HD neural stem
cells (NSCs). The TGF- signaling pathway has been implicated in
various neurodegenerative diseases but thus has been minimally
studied in HD. Our goal is to identify the role that altered TGF-
signaling plays in the pathogenesis of HD. Thus far we have identified differences in levels of TGF- signaling molecules using RNAseq and qPCR analyses of HD and corrected NSCs derived from our
isogenic iPSCs. Furthermore, we find that TGF-1 is neuroprotective in HD NSCs and reduces levels of caspase-3/7 activity. Lastly
we show that the latent TGF- complex is processed differently in
mutant HD and wild type 293 cells indicating a potential mechanism for altered TGF- expression in HD cells. By elucidating the
role of TGF- signaling in HD stem cell models, we will provide a
further understanding of mechanisms leading to HD and hope to
identify new therapeutic targets to benefit HD patients.
40
Poster Abstracts
novel link between mitochondrial dysfunction and aging through
the process of cellular senescence.
41
Poster Abstracts
hMSC modified to increase their anti-inflammatory potential
through HLA-G1, or hMSC modified with improved anti-inflammatory potential and improved migratory specificity to the intestinal
crypts through HLA-G1 and Eph-B2.
Large intestine samples (Cecum) from transplanted animals (n=12)
were harvested approximately 3 month after therapy. Negative
control animals consisted of age-matched mice in which no disease induction or cell therapy was performed (n=3). Tissues were
paraffin embedded after which they were cut, mounted on slides,
and stained to image via confocal microscopy. The staining was
performed using a mouse on mouse (M.O.M.) kit and antibody
specific to human mitochondria. Samples were counterstained
with DAPI to visualize nuclei within the cells. A LSM Zeiss 710
confocal microscope was used with 10x and 40x oil magnifications
to visualize the tissue samples from each of the 15 animals. High
levels of human MSC engraftment were seen in animals transplanted with all MSC populations. However, the highest levels of
engraftment were observed in mice treated with hMSCs modified
with HLA-G1, whereas animals transplanted with Eph-B2 showed
the lowest levels of engraftment.
Because transfer of mitochondria can occur as part of the regenerative process mediated by MSC, future studies will determine
whether cells displaying human mitochondrial staining are indeed
human MSC that engrafted in the intestine or are murine cells
containing transferred human mitochondria. Therefore, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using probes specific for human
DNA will be performed simultaneously with human mitochondria
detection in a protocol that we are currently optimizing. Furthermore, we will continue to stain for immune cell activity using
CD8 and CD25 antibodies, which will give us a better look at the
altered immune state within the IBD mouse, specifically those
treated with our different cell lines.
42
Poster Abstracts
regulated and the effect of senescence on these diseases has yet
to be fully determined. Cellular senescence is a state of irreversible
growth arrest that serves as a tumor-suppressive mechanism.
Senescent cells experience deep morphological and functional
changes, and they activate a transcriptionally-regulated secretory
program known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP includes several proinflammatory factors
with strong paracrine activity for which levels are elevated during
aging and cancer treatment.
The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1a is one of the transcription
factors that participate in the senescence program. Under normal
conditions, HIF-1a responds to oxygen levels to promote the
formation of new blood vessels in hypoxic conditions. Here, we
compared HIF-1a knockdown and control cells for induction
of senescence and levels of SASP factors. Levels of HIF-1a were
compared at hypoxic (1%), normoxic (3%), and atmospheric (20%)
oxygen concentrations. HIF-1a is expected to be present in tissue
traditionally low on oxygen, such as tumor masses. This experiment examined whether oxygen levels similarly played a role in
induction of senescence and control of the SASP. All together, the
data indicates the connection between HIF-1a, senescence, and
oxygen concentration.
Together with aging, standard anticancer treatments, such as
chemotherapy and irradiation, induce senescence in the tissue
microenvironment. These therapeutic approaches may cause a
senescence-dependent cancer recurrence or accelerated aging
through the disruption of normal tissue functions. Here, we look
at varying chemotherapy drug concentration for induction of
senescence, and we define the importance of counteracting the
senescence phenotype upon anti-cancer treatments to limit
adverse effects of the therapies.
43
Poster Abstracts
has been suggested as a primary form of cell application for
wounded skin or skin grafting to cover such larger wound sites.
The objective of this study was to create functional skin grafts by
printing not only human fibroblasts and keratinocytes but also
human papilla cells for hair follicle formation and human melanocytes for skin pigmentation, all with carefully controlled layering techniques. Fibroblasts and papilla cells were suspended in
a printable hydrogel containing fibrin. These cells were printed
first in order to create the dermal layer. Keratinocytes and melanocytes were suspended in the same hydrogel and were printed
second to create the epidermal layer. The constructs were 1 cm
x 1 cm and only two layers thick in order to mimic the thickness
of normal mouse skin. Once the constructs were printed, they
were cross-linked with thrombin to make the gels stable and
firm. The bilayered skin grafts were cultured for 5 days and then
implanted onto nude mice.
After a week of in vivo implantation, the constructs showed
revascularization and started to mimic the structure of mouse skin.
This indicated that the mice were not rejecting the implanted skin
grafts. The constructs were also able to maintain their structural
integrity during this time and were easily retrieved for analysis.
A gel-only group (used as control) was also implanted on each
mouse along with cell-seeded hydrogels. The gel-only group did
not maintain its structure and was not retrievable after one week.
This indicated that the cells within the construct were producing a
sturdy matrix. Massons Trichrome staining confirmed the presence of ECM in the cell-containing constructs. Finally, it was noted
that the size of the wound containing the cells in hydrogel were
slightly bigger than the gel-only group, indicating that cells from
the surrounding area are not migrating in to close the wound
and suggesting that the construct is being allowed to integrate
into the skin. Further analysis and relevant results from this study
are ongoing. Based on the current data, we conclude that the
constructs are capable of forming and maintaining their skin-like
structure even after 1 week of in vivo implantation (12 days after
printing). Constructs will be retrieved again at 3 weeks in vivo (26
days after printing) in order to examine the structural integrity,
to determine if follicles are being formed, and to ascertain if any
further pigmentation can be seen.
44
Poster Abstracts
role of Gcn4 will be analyzed in both the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the nematode C. elegans.
Our approach to understanding whether any of these novel longlived strains containing an MRPL deletion show an up-regulation
of Gcn4 is based upon a plasmid containing a dual-luciferase
reporter. Firefly luciferase label fused to the GCN4 gene is used
to measure the GCN4 protein expression. The relative amount
of firefly luciferase activity will be compared to Renilla luciferase
fused to Pgk1, a housekeeping protein, which will be used as a
baseline reference. We can measure relative differences in protein
expression levels compared to Pgk1 gene expression. These Gcn4
level measurements will be normalized relative to a wild-type
control strain.
The objective of this study was to ascertain the hormone production of in vitro follicle-like structures in response to gonadotropins. Rat ovarian cells were cultured in a micro-well system for
several days to allow them to form these structures, which were
cultured in either the basal germline stem cell media or in the
same media treated with LH and FSH. These two gonadotropins
are known to stimulate the production of hormones by the ovary
in vivo. The cell growth media was collected every other day and
assessed for the presence of two such hormones, -estradiol
and progesterone using an ELISA. Anti-Mllerian Hormone
(AMH), which is frequently used in conventional fertility treatments as a means for assessing ovarian reserve was also assayed
as an indicator of the same quality of the ovarian follicle-like
structures that we were able to produce. Cells were fixed every
other day and plated onto chamber slides for H&E morphology
analysis and staining of a marker for the zona pellucida, which is
a glycoprotein membrane that surrounds the plasma membrane
of mature oocytes, or egg cells.
45
Poster Abstracts
missing mitochondrial function. Specifically, the recoded mRNA is
exported from the nucleus into the cytoplasm where it is translated while attached to the mitochondrial outer membrane, and
co-translationally imported into the mitochondria. Our present
studies focus on ATP8, which is part of subunit FO in complex V
in the respiratory chain. Previous data from our group showed
that attaching a mitochondrial target sequence (MTS) upstream
to the recoded gene for ATP8 allowed successful expression of
its corresponding protein in Atp8 null cell line. The protein was
efficiently targeted to mitochondria and localized to Complex V;
however, it failed to rescue its function. Here, we discuss strategies to improve functional rescue i.e., optimizing the MTS, and by
attaching a 3UTR downstream to the gene.
This study examines the economics of biomanufacturing processes for therapeutic cells in comparison to extracellular vesicles
(EVs) that such cells produce. Cells constitutively secrete EVs that
harbor an array of biomolecules including mRNA, microRNA
and proteins. Increasing evidence indicates that EVs secreted by
therapeutic cells can effect similar benefits to cells themselves,
suggesting that EV therapy could serve as a potential alternative
to cell therapy. There are several reasons why EV therapy may be
advantageous. For example, compared to the dynamic nature of
cells and their varied responses to the local microenvironment,
EVs are relatively stable. In particular, EV therapy obviates the
inherent risk of tumorigenesis that accompanies cell therapy, such
as therapeutic use of embryonic stem cells and their progeny.
From a regulatory perspective, EVs may be more specifically
defined biochemically, which could alleviate some difficulties of
quality control associated with cell therapy. Given the high costs
of developing new therapeutics, analysis of economic feasibility
and scalability early in the developmental pipeline is important.
Therefore, we are designing bioprocess models for EV production
based on existing cell therapy production processes with the
eventual aim of analyzing the cost of goods for various cell/EV
doses and production processes. This work is critical in evaluating
the potential of EV treatment to reach the clinic on a larger scale
and will serve as a useful reference for commercial and academic
parties looking to develop EV-based therapies and products.
46
Poster Abstracts
reduce contamination risk, increase reproducibility, and widen
availability of this technology.
Finally, this review has identified the currently available production methods that are the most promising candidates to
achieve standardized manufacture, whilst indicating where future
improvements can be made, particularly regarding quality assurance and quality control in the manufacture of bioengineered
hollow organs. With clinical trials for bioengineered tracheas
already underway, it is time for focus to shift to the long-term
biomanufacturing strategy of these organs. This will ultimately
ensure that the best quality tissue-engineered organs are being
produced through safe and monitored protocols, where there
is potential for scale-up and widespread clinical adoption of this
technology.
47
Poster Abstracts
In the cell culture assays, the results via the cell proliferation
and ALP assays indicated that m-SCARA5 inhibits osteoblast
differentiation and activity. In contrast, mineralization detection
and qRT-PCR results show SCARA-5 expression had insignificant
effects on osteoblast-dependent mineralization. However, these
inconsistent results may be due to in-vitro experiments being
incapable of adequately portraying the in-vivo microenvironment. Therefore, experiments on osteoclasts in human diseased
tissues will be performed to configure SCARA-5s mechanism in
bone remodeling and its diseased counter state.
Osteoarthritic and rheumatoid arthritic human tissue samples
will be used to compare SCARA-5 expression in diseased and
normal cells. Immunohistochemistry using an anti-SCARA-5
antibody can reveal such expression. H&E staining of these tissue
sections will allow for the visualization of the multi-nucleated
osteoclasts. From these osteoclast numbers, the importance of
SCARA-5 in bone remodeling can be assessed. It is reasonable
to postulate that SCARA-5 expression in the human system, or
lack thereof, will produce results corroborated by the previous
murine experiments. The goal of this project is to conclusively
define a significant differential SCARA-5 expression between
diseased and normal tissue.
48
Notes
49
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