LGEC093: INTELLIGENT TRAIN SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION
We know that the railway network of India is the biggest in south Asia and
perhaps the most complicated in all over the world. There are so many
diferent types of trains local, fast, super fast, passenger, goods. etc. and
there so many multiple routs. Although the time table is perfect it is not at all
possible to maintain it. And thats why the train accidents are becoming
more and more usual. !o why not we add a kind of intelligence to the train
engines itself so that it tries to avoid accidents.
The idea is whenever any engine observes a red signal on its track it will
start decreasing its speed gradually and stops automatically at some
distance from the signal pole. After then when it gets green signal the driver
can manually start the train and go on. In the mean time when train has not
stopped yet and a red signal becomes green then it crosses the signal pole
with low speed and then driver can slowly increase the speed.
!o now before the driver observes the red signal the engine itself observes it
and automatically starts decreasing speed and then stops. The driver can
feel rela" in driving because he doesnt have to take care about red signal.
#ven if he forgets to take any action on red signal then also we can avoid
accidents by the implementation of this idea.
What we have to do is we have to attach a transmitter with signal pole which
will start transmitting signals only when the red light is on. If there is green
light no transmission. The engine has a receiver which catches these
transmitted signals and takes desire actions.
The pro$ect is divided in two parts
%. Transmitter
&. 'eceiver
The transmitter is housed in signal pole and it is activated only when red
light is (). The receiver is housed in engine which senses the I' signals and
takes suitable action.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
.
I'
T'A)!*ITT#'
*(T('
+'I,#'
T!(- I'
'#.#,#'
*I.'(.()T'(/
/#'
*(T('
&
COMPONENTS DETAILS
The ma$or components used in this pro$ect are
%. I' Transmitter
&. T!(-
0. *icrocontroller
1. *otor +river
2. +. *otor
MICROCONTROLLER
The microcontroller used here is a common 3 bit Atmel microcontroller
AT34s3&20.It is a low5power, high5performance .*(! 35bit microcontroller
with%&6 bytes of In5!ystem -rogrammable 7I!-8 9lash program memory and
&6 bytes of ##-'(* data memory. It has 0& programmable input output
lines.
FEATURES:
: %&6 ;ytes of In5!ystem -rogrammable 7I!-8 9lash -rogram *emory
< !-I !erial Interface for -rogram +ownloading
< #ndurance= %>,>>> Write?#rase .ycles
: &6 ;ytes ##-'(* +ata *emory
< #ndurance= %>>,>>> Write?#rase .ycles
: &.@, to 2.2, (perating 'ange
: 9ully !tatic (peration= > AB to &1 *AB 7in "% and "& *odes8
: Three5level -rogram *emory /ock
: &2C " 35bit Internal 'A*
: 0& -rogrammable I?( /ines
: Three %C5bit Timer?.ounters
: )ine Interrupt !ources
: #nhanced DA'T !erial -ort with 9raming #rror +etection and Automatic
Address 'ecognition
: #nhanced !-I 7+ouble Write?'ead ;ufered8 !erial Interface
: -rogrammable Watchdog Timer
*(T('
%
MOTOR DRIVER
Aere we used /&40+ to drive the motors, whatever signals it receives from
the microcontroller on the basis of that it will drive the motors.
An H-brid! is an electronic circuit which enables a voltage to be applied
across a load in either direction. These circuits are often used in robotics and
other applications to allow +. motors to run forwards and backwards. A5
bridges are available as integrated circuits, or can be built from discrete
components

DC MOTOR
In any electric motor, operation is based on simple electromagnetism. A
current5carrying conductor generates a magnetic EeldF when this is then
placed in an e"ternal magnetic Eeld, it will e"perience a force proportional to
the current in the conductor, and to the strength of the e"ternal magnetic
Eeld. As you are well aware of from playing with magnets as a kid, opposite
7)orth and !outh8 polarities attract, while like polarities 7)orth and )orth,
!outh and !outh8 repel. The internal conEguration of a +. motor is designed
to harness the magnetic interaction between a current5carrying conductor
and an e"ternal magnetic Eeld to generate rotational motion.
TSOP
'eceived modulated infrared signal and converts into electrical signal.
F!"#$r!%
-hoto detector and preampliEer circuit in the same casing.
'eceives and ampliEes the infrared signal without any e"ternal
component.
2 , output 7active at level >8.
03 kAB integrated oscillator.
Aigh sensitivity.
Aigh level of immunity to ambient light.
Improved shielding against electrical Eeld interference.
TT/ and .*(! compatibility.
Applications= infrared remote control.