DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, B. I. T. MESRA Modu! " I# Fou$d%&'o$ 1. What is a computer network? Identify the set of constraints and requirements that influence network design. 2. What is a switched network? Explain the circuitswitched and packetswitched networks with help of diagram. !. "haracteri#e the networks according to their si#e. $. What are the three general classes of failures that network designers ha%e to address? Explain. &. Explain the layered network architecture. '. What is a protocol and protocol graph? (. What happens during the Encapsulation process? Explain. ). Explain the *+I and Internet architecture. ,. -escri.e the clientser%er architecture and the complete communication process. 1/. Enumerate and explain the protocol implementation issues. 11. -ifferentiate .etween .andwidth and throughput of a communication link. 12. -iscuss the .andwidth and latency performance metrics of a link0channel. 1ow will you relate these two metrics? 1!. -efine roundtriptime and 2itter. 1$. "alculate the total time required to transfer a 1.& 34 file in the following cases, assuming a 566 of )/ ms, a packet si#e of 1 74 data, and an initial 28566 of 9handshaking: .efore data is sent. a. 6he .andwidth is 1/ 3.ps, and data packets can .e sent continuously. .. 6he .andwidth is 1/ 3.ps, .ut after we finish sending each data packet we must wait one 566 .efore sending the text. c. 6he link allows infinitely fast transmit, .ut limits .andwidth such that only 2/ packets can .e sent per 566. 1&. "onsider a pointtopoint link 2 km in length. ;t what .andwidth would propagation delay <at a speed of 281/ ) m0sec= equal transmit delay for 1//.yte packets? What a.out &12.yte packets? 1'. 1ow 9wide: is a .it on a 1>.ps link? 1ow long is a .it in copper wire, where the speed of propagation is 2.!81/ ) m0s? Modu! " II %$d III# D'(!)& L'$* N!&+o(*, 1(. What is a ?etwork adapter and what are its functional components? >i%e examples of a few network adapter models a%aila.le in the market. 1). 1ow the memory .andwidth limits the network performance? -iscuss with the help of an example. 1,. @ist the common types of ca.les and fi.ers a%aila.le for local links. 2/. Enumerate the common .andwidths a%aila.le from %arious carriers. 21. @ist and explain the common ser%ices a%aila.le like A*6+, I+-?, x-+@, ";6B etc to connect your home to an existing network. 22. What is the Encoding process and explain the different encoding strategies. 2!. What are .yteoriented and .itoriented protocols? 2$. 1ow the error detection and correction is done when errors are introduced into frames? 2&. 1ow relia.ility is ensured while transmission of frames? With the help of a timeline diagram explain the four different scenarios for the stopandwait ;5C. 2'. "onsider a scenario in which the link has a delay x .andwidth product of ) 74 and frames are of 1 74 si#e. We would like the sender to .e ready to transmit the , th frame at pretty much the same moment that the ;"7 for the first frame arri%es. Aropose a suita.le algorithm to handle this situation. 2(. Explain the Ethernet IEEE )/2.! standard. 2). Explain the IEEE )/2.& standard. 2,. Explain the D--I. !/. Explain the 5esilient Aacket ring IEEE )/2.1( satandard. !1. "ompare the following technologies on the issues like link length, .andwidth, use, and wired technology analogyE 4luetooth, WiDi, Wi3ax, !> "ellular. !2. Explain the )/2.11 frame format. !!. +how the $40&4 encoding, and the resulting ?5FI signal, for the following .it sequenceE 11/1 111/ 1/1/ 11/1 1/11 111/ 111/ 1111 !$. "onsider an ;5C protocol that uses only ?;7s, .ut no ;"7s. -escri.e what timeouts would need to .e scheduled. Explain why an ;"7.ased protocol is usually preferred to a ?;7.ased protocol. !&. What is the Ethernet capture effect? Modu! " IV %$d V# I$&!($!&+o(*'$- !'. What are the %arious addressing schemes that an IA ser%ice model pro%ides? Explain. !(. Enumerate the different categories of connecting de%ices .ased on the layer in which they operate in a network. !). Write note on .ridges, switches, and routers. !,. Why address translation is required and how it is accomplished using the ;5A? $/. What do you mean .y static host configuration and dynamic host configuration? "ompare them. $1. What is the role of Internet control 3essage Arotocol? Explain in detail. $2. What are Birtual pri%ate networks and what necessitates them? $!. Explain the routing process in distance%ector routing. $$. -iscuss the different ma2or classes of intradomain routing protocols. $&. With the help of an example scenario calculate the link costs to compare the %arious routing algorithms. $'. What is +u.netting and when do we need it. Explain with the help of an example scenario. $(. What is Interdomain routing? Explain 4>A and E>A. $). "ompare IA%$ and IA%'. $,. What is the 3ulticasting and when do you need this? Explain considering an example scenario. ;lso explain how to accomplish this. &/. What is 3A@+ and how it is associated more with IAGs datagram .ased architecture? &1. 1ow do routers determine that an incoming IA packet is to .e multicast? Modu! " VI# E$d-&o-E$d P(o&o)o, &2. Explain the 6"A and H-A process. ;lso show the 6"A and H-A header format. &!. -ifferentiate .etween flow control and congestion control. &$. What is the significance of 66@ and 3+@ of a packet on the network? &&. Explain the ?agleGs algorithm and its significance. &'. What are the shortcomings of 7arn0Aartridge algorithm that are shorted in Iaco.son07arels algorithm? &(. Explain the complete 5A" mechanism. Modu! " VII# Co$-!,&'o$ Co$&(o %$d R!,ou()! Ao)%&'o$ &). What is the resource allocation pro.lem in the networking context? &,. Explain the different ways to characteri#e the resource allocation mechanisms? '/. 1ow will you e%aluate a resource allocation mechanism? Explain the points. '1. -escri.e the Cueuing algorithm used for packet transmission. '2. 1ow congestion control is achie%ed in 6"A? '!. What mechanisms are adopted for congestion a%oidance? '$. Enumerate %arious protocols and mechanisms used to pro%ide Co+ to different applications. '&. What are the two .road categories of approaches to Co+ support? 8888888888