16 TENSES

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
S (They/we/I/you) + V1 + O + TM S + am/are/is + V Ing + O + TM S (They/we/I/you) + have + V-3 + O S (They/we/I/you) + have + been + V-Ing
(He/she/it) + V1 + ES/S + O + TM They/we/you are watching TV now They/we/I/you have gone to Paris They have been going to Paris for 2 days
POSITIVE They/we/I/you write a letter I am learning English right now Maria and Mario have gone to Paris Maria and Mario have been going home
He/she/it/Jane writes a letter He/she is eating his/her lunch S (he/she/it) + has + V-3 + O + TM
S + am/are/is + adj./Adv./Noun He/she/it/Jane has gone to Paris S (he/she/it) + has + been + V-Ing + O
I am very tired He/she/it/Jane has been going home
They/we/you are at home Mario has been going home for 2 hours
He is a famous football player
Negative S (They/we/I/you) + do not + V1 + O S + am/are/is + not + V-Ing + O S (They/we/I/you) + have + not + V-3 S + have + not = been + V-ing + O + TM
They/we/I/you do not write a letter I am not watching TV right now They/we/I/you have not gone to Paris They/we/I/you have not been going back
(He/she/it) + does not + V1 + O They/we/you are not watching TV Maria and Mario have not gone home Maria and Mario have not been going
He/she/it/Jane does not write a letter S (he/she/it) + has + not + V-3 + O S + (he/she/it) + has not + been + V Ing
S + am/are/is + not + Adj./Adv./Noun He/she/it/Jane has not gone to Paris He has not been going home
I am not tired Boni has not studied English yet Jane has not been going home
They/we/you are not at home He/she/it/Jane is not watching TV Boni has not been going home
He/she/it/Jane is not at home Boni is not watching TV now
Yes/no Do + S (They/we/I/you) + V-1 + O Am/are/is + S + V + Ing + O + TM Have + S (they/we/I/you) + V-3 + O Have + S + been + V-Ing + O + TM
Question Do they/we/I/you watch TV? Am I watching TV? Have they/we/I/you gone to Paris? Have they/we/I/you been going home?
Does + S (he/she/it) + V-1 + O Are you watching TV now? Have Maria and Mario gone to Paris? Maria and Mario have been going home
Does he watch TV? Is he/she/it/Jane watching TV now ?
Am/are/is + S + Adj./Adv./Nouns Has + S (he/she/it) + V-3 + O + TM Has + S (he/she/it) + been +V-Ing+O+TM
Am I tired? Has he/she/it/Jane gone to London? Has he/she/it/Jane been going home?
Are they/we/you at home? Has Boni gone to Paris? Has Boni been going home?
Is he a famous football player?



SIMPLE PAST TENSE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE PAST PERFECT TENSE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
S + V-2 + O + TM S + was/were + V-I + Ing + O + TM S + had + V-3 + O + TM S + had + been + V-1 + Ing + O + TM
Positive They/we/I/you came last night I/he/she/it/Jane was eating dinner They/we/I/you had gone to bed They/we/I/you had been watching TV
Jane and Daniel came last night at 7 p.m. last night when a thief crept inside. for 1.30 hours when eruption occurred
He/she/it/Jane came last night They/we/you were eating dinner He/she/it/Jane had eaten the He/she/it/Jane had been sleeping for an
Jane came last night at 7 p.m. last night apples before I came hour before the earthquake happened

S + did not + V-1 + O + TM S + was/were + Not + V1 + Ing + O S + had not + V-3 + O + TM S + had + not + been + V-1 + Ing + O + TM
Negative They/we/I/you did not come last night I/he/she/it/Jane was not eating They/we/I/you had not gone to They/we/I/you had not been watching TV
Jane and Dani did not come last night dinner at 7 p.m. last night bed when a thief crept inside for 1.30 hours when eruption occurred
They/we/you was not eating dinner He/she/it/Jane had not eaten He/she/it/Jane had not been sleeping for
At 7 p.m. last night the apples before I came an hour before the earthquake happened

Did + S + V-1 + O + TM Was/were + S + V-1 + Ing + O + TM Had + S + V-3 + O + TM Had + S + Been + V-1 + Ing + O + TM
Yes/no Did they/we/I/you come last night Was I/he/she/it/Jane eating dinner Had they/we/I/you gone to bed Had they/we/I/you been sleeping for an
Question Did Maria and Dani come last night? at 7 p.m. last night? when a thief crept inside? hour before the earthquake happened?
Did he/she/it/Jane come last night? Were they/we/you eating dinner He/she/it/Jane had eaten the He/she/it/Jane been sleeping for an hour
At 7 p.m. last night? apples before I came? Before the earthquake happened?
EXPRESSING TIME
When referring to days, week, etc. in the past, present and future the following expressions are used, speaking from a point of view in the present :
Past Present Future
Morning yesterday morning this morning tomorrow morning
Afternoon yesterday afternoon this afternoon tomorrow afternoon
Evening yesterday evening this evening tomorrow evening
Night last night tonight tomorrow night
Day yesterday today tomorrow
Week last week this week next week
Month last month this month next month
Year last year this year next year


SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
S + will + V-1 + O + TM S + will + be + V-1 + Ing + O + TM S + will + have + V-3 + O + TM S + will + have + been + V-1 + Ing + O + TM
POSITIVE They/we/I/you/he/she/Jane will They/we/I/you will be eating dinner They/we/I/you will have gone They/we/I/you will have been doing home
go to Bali tomorrow at 7 p.m. tomorrow night to Paris by Monday morning work for 2 hours by the end of this session
It will be sunny tomorrow He/she/it/Jane will be watching He/she/it/Jane will have been He/she/it/Jane have been writing the article
football match at 10 p.m. tomorrow in Jakarta this time tomorrow by the end of next month.
S + will + be + adj./Adv/Nouns
They/we/I/you/he/she/it will be in
Jakarta tomorrow

S + will + Not + V-1 + O + TM S + will + not + be + V-1 + Ing + O S + will not + have + V-3 +O+TM S + will + not + have + been + V-1 + Ing+O
They/we/I/you/he/she/Jane will not They/we/I/you will not be eating They/we/I/you will not have gone They/we/I/you will not have been painting
Negative go tomorrow lunch at 12.30 p.m. tomorrow to Paris by Monday morning the house for 2 days by the end of this week
It will not rain tomorrow He/she/it/Jane will not have been
in Jakarta this time tomorrow
S + will + not + be + Adj./Adv./Nouns He/she/it/Jane will not be learning
It will not be hot tomorrow English at 8 a.m. tomorrow Boni will not have been in Paris He/she/it/Jane will not have been studying
They/we/I/you/he/she will not be Boni will not be being here by Monday next week. in Oxford for 6 months by the end of this
here tomorrow tomorrow morning year
Will + S + V-1 + O + TM Will + S + be + V-1 + Ing + O + TM Will + S + have + V-3 + O + TM Will + S + have + been + V-1 + Ing + O + TM
Yes/no Will they/we/I/he/she arrive at Will they/we/I/you be eating dinner Will they/we/I/you have done Will they/we/I/you have been painting the
question home in the morning? at 7 p.m. tomorrow night? homework for 3 hours by the house for 2 days by the end of this week?
Will it sunny tomorrow? the end of session?
Will + s + be + Adj./Adv./Nouns Will he/she/it/Jane be studying at Will+S+have+been+Adj./Adv/Nouns
Will they/we/I/you/he/she/it be in 9 a.m. tomorrow? Will they/we/I/you have been Will he/she/it/Jane have been waiting for
Jakarta tomorrow? ready next Monday? 2 hours by the end of the session
Will he/she/it/Jane have been in

Bali by this time next Saturday?

SIMPLE PAST FUTURE TENSE PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
S + would + V-1 + O + TM S + would + be + V-1 + Ing + O + TM S + would + have + V-3 + O + TM S + would + have + been + v-1 + Ing + O + TM
They/we/I/you + would come here They/we/I/you would be eating at 7 They/we/I/you would have They/we/I/you would have been going for 2
POSITIVE the following day p.m. last night painted the house by this time hours by the end of last week
He/she/it/Jane would buy a house He/she/it/Jane would be studying at yesterday He/she/it/Jane would have been swimming
on the previous day 8 a.m. yesterday He/she/it/Jane would have eaten for 1.30 hours at this time yesterday
lunch by this time yesterday
S + would + be + adj./Adv./Nouns S + would + have = been + Adj/
They/we/I/you would be tired adv./Nouns + O + TM
last night They/we/I/you would not have
He/she/it/Jane would be in Bali been ready by this time yesterday
yesterday morning He/she/it/Jane would have been in
Bali by this time yesterday
S + would + not + V-1 + O + TM S + would + not + be + V-1 + Ing + O S + Would + not + have +V-3 + O S + would + not + have + been +V- +Ing + O
They/we/I/you would not come They/we/I/you + would not be eating They/we/I/you would not have They/we/I/you + would not have been
Negative here on the following day at 7 p.m. last night painted the house by this time painting the house for 2 days by the end of
He/she/it/Jane would not buy yesterday? last week
a car on the previous day He/she/it/Jane would not have He/she/it/Jane would not have been
finished the test by this time swimming for 1.30 hours at this time
yesterday? yesterday
S + would + not + be + Adj./Adv./N
They/we/I/you would not be tired He/she/it/Jane would not be eating
last night at 7 p.m. last night
He/she/it/Jane would not be in Bali
Yesterday

Would + S + V-1 + O + TM Would + S + be + V-1 + Ing + O + TM Would + S + have + V-3 + O + TM? Would + S + have + been + V-Ing + O + TM
Would they/we/I/you come here on Would they/we/I/you be eating at would they/we/I/you have painted Would they/we/I/you have been painting
the following day? 7 p.m. last night? the house by this time this week the house for 2 days by the end of last week?

Yes/No Would he/she/it/Jane buy a car on Would he/she/it/Jane have studied would he/she/it/Jane have been swimming
question the previous day? by this time yesterday? for 1.30 hours at this time yesterday?
Would + S + be + Adj./Adv./Nouns Would + have + been + adj./Adv./
Would they/we/I/you be tired last Would he/she/it/Jane be eating at nouns + O + TM?
Night? at 7 p.m. last night Would they/we/I/you have been
ready by this time yesterday?
Would he/she/it/Jane have been
in Bali by this time yesterday?

To talk about a time further back in the past or further forward in the future use :
Decades in the 1960s
Past Future centuries in the 20
th
century
The day before yesterday the day after tomorrow At (the)
The week/month/year before last the week/month/year after next clock time at 5 oclock
Two days/weeks, etc. ago two days/weeks, etc. time at 7.45 p.m
Night at night
To talk about something that happens regularly use expressions with every holiday periods at Christmas
Example : He has two work every third weekend. at the weekend (Br.E )
I wash my hair every other day (= every second day) On (the)
We go to school every day. day of the week on Sundays
Preposition of Time dates on (the) 20
th
(of) March
In (the) (Am E also on May 20
th
)
Parts of the day in the morning(s) Particular days on Good Friday
(not night) in the evening(s), etc. On New Years Day
Months In January, in February on my birthday
Seasons in (the) summer, winter, autumn, etc. on the following day
Years in 2008