Matter Notes

Review from 6th grade:

All matter is made up of atoms.
Atoms of the same element are all alike, but are different from the atoms of other elements.
The addition and subtraction of heat changes the motion of atoms and molecules.
A change in heat can cause a phase change.

Matter
Matter is anything that has ____________ and takes up ____________.
The three states of matter are:

1. Solid
a. Fixed shape AND ___________ that does not _____________.
b. Intermolecular forces are _________ _____________.
c. Motion of the molecules is very small (molecules ______________ around a
_____________ location).

2. Liquid
a. ____________ volume, but a ____________ that can change.
b. Intermolecular forces are not as strong as in a _________.
c. Molecules are ___________ ____________, but _____ _____ have fixed positions.
(molecules slip and slide past one another allowing liquids to flow)

3. Gas
a. No fixed shape ______ volume
b. Intermolecular forces are ____________ in gases than in __________ ___
__________.
c. Molecules move about _____________ without being held together (this allows gases
to _______________ to fill any container they are in)


Atoms and Molecules
The atom is the basic building block of ______________, and it is the _______________ unit of an
______________. A single atom has mass and takes up space, and all ______________ is
composed of ______________. An atom has ____________ parts:

1. ________________: negative charge, located in the electron cloud
2. ________________: positive charge, located in the nucleus
3. ________________: no charge/neutral, located in the nucleus

Protons and neutrons make up the center of an atom (the __________________) and are held
together really tightly by _______________.


Elements
Elements are composed of _______ _________ of atom.
Elements are ________ _________________ that cannot be changed into simpler
substances.
All forms of matter are composed of one or more of the ___________________.





Compounds
Compounds are pure substances that are composed of _______ ___ _______ types of
elements that are _______________ combined.
Compounds can only be changed into simpler substances called ______________ through
_________________ _________________.
Molecules can either be _______________ (H2, O2, N2)
or _______________ (HCl, H2O, CO2).



Mixtures
Mixtures are ______________ combinations of ______ ____ ________ different substances
that _________ their own individual properties when they are combined _________________
(mixed together).
Mixtures can be _________________ by physical means (filtration, sifting, or evaporation).

Mixtures may be heterogeneous or homogeneous.
In a heterogeneous mixture, which is _____ ________________ throughout, the individual
substances can be ____________ distinguished.
Ex: Tossed salad, granite, and iced tea
In a homogeneous mixture, which is _______________ throughout, the substances are
___________ ______________ and cannot be visibly distinguished.
Ex: Air, steel, clear salt-water

























Matter Notes

Review from 6th grade:
All matter is made up of atoms.
Atoms of the same element are all alike, but are different from the atoms of other elements.
The addition and subtraction of heat changes the motion of atoms and molecules.
A change in heat can cause a phase change.

Matter
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. The three states of matter are:

1. Solid
Fixed shape AND volume that does not change
Intermolecular forces are very strong
Motion of the molecules is very small (molecules vibrate around a fixed location).

2. Liquid
Fixed volume, but a shape that can change
Intermolecular forces are not as strong as in a solid
Molecules are closely packed, but do not have fixed positions (molecules slip and
slide past one another allowing liquids to flow)

3. Gas
No fixed shape OR volume
Intermolecular forces are weaker in gases than in solids or liquids.
Molecules move about freely without being held together (this allows gases to expand
to fill any container they are in)


Atoms and Molecules
The atom is the basic building block of matter, and it is the smallest unit of an element. A single atom
has mass and takes up space, and that all matter is composed of atoms. An atom has three parts:

1. Electron: negative charge, located in the electron cloud
2. Proton: positive charge, located in the nucleus
3. Neutron: no charge/neutral, located in the nucleus

Protons and neutrons make up the center of an atom (the nucleus) and are held together really tightly
by bonds.


Elements
Elements are composed of one kind of atom.
Elements are pure substances that cannot be changed into simpler substances.
All forms of matter are composed of one or more of the elements.




Compounds
Compounds are pure substances that are composed of two or more types of elements that are
chemically combined.
Compounds can only be changed into simpler substances called elements through chemical
changes.
Molecules can either be elements (H2, O2, N2) or compounds (HCl, H2O, CO2).



Mixtures
Mixtures are physical combinations of two or more different substances that keep their own
individual properties and are combined physically (mixed together).
Mixtures can be separated by physical means (filtration, sifting, or evaporation).

Mixtures may be heterogeneous or homogeneous.
In a heterogeneous mixture, which is not uniform throughout, the individual substances can be
visibly distinguished.
Ex: Tossed salad, granite, and iced tea
In a homogeneous mixture, which is uniform throughout, the substances are evenly mixed and
cannot be visibly distinguished.
Ex: Air, steel, clear salt-water