Coca-Cola

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This article is about the beverage. For its manufacturer, see The Coca-Cola Company.
"Coca-Cola Classic" redirects here. For the NCAA football game, see Coca-Cola Classic
(college football).

Coca-Cola

Type Soft drink (Cola)

Manufacturer The Coca-Cola Company

Country of origin United States

Introduced 1886

Color Caramel E-150d

Cola, Cola Green Tea, Cola Lemon,

Flavor Cola Lemon Lime, Cola Lime, Cola
Orange and Cola Raspberry.

Variants See Brand portfolio section below

Related products Pepsi

Irn Bru
RC Cola
Cola Turka
Zam Zam Cola
 Mecca Cola
Virgin Cola
Parsi Cola
Qibla Cola
Evoca Cola
Corsica Cola
Breizh Cola
Afri Cola

The Las Vegas Strip World of Coca-Cola museum in 2000

Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink sold in stores, restaurants and vending machines
internationally. The Coca-Cola Company claims that the beverage is sold in more than 200
countries.[1] It is produced by The Coca-Cola Company in Atlanta, Georgia, and is often referred
to simply as Coke (a now genericized trademark) or (in European and American countries) as
cola or pop. Originally intended as a patent medicine when it was invented in the late 19th
century by John Pemberton, Coca-Cola was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler,
whose marketing tactics led Coke to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the
20th century.
The company produces concentrate, which is then sold to licensed Coca-Cola bottlers throughout
the world. The bottlers, who hold territorially exclusive contracts with the company, produce
finished product in cans and bottles from the concentrate in combination with filtered water and
sweeteners. The bottlers then sell, distribute and merchandise Coca-Cola to retail stores and
vending machines. Such bottlers include Coca-Cola Enterprises, which is the largest single Coca-
Cola bottler in North America and western Europe. The Coca-Cola Company also sells
concentrate for soda fountains to major restaurants and food service distributors.
The Coca-Cola Company has, on occasion, introduced other cola drinks under the Coke brand
name. The most common of these is Diet Coke, with others including Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola,
Diet Coke Caffeine-Free, Coca-Cola Cherry, Coca-Cola Zero, Coca-Cola Vanilla, and special
editions with lemon, lime or coffee.
In response to consumer insistence on a more natural product, the company is in the process of
phasing out E211, or sodium benzoate, the controversial additive used in Diet Coke and linked to
DNA damage to yeast cells and hyperactivity in children. The company has stated that it plans to
remove E211 from its other products, including Sprite and Oasis, as soon as a satisfactory
alternative is found.[2]

Contents
[hide]
• 1 History
○ 1.1 New Coke
○ 1.2 21st Century
• 2 Use of stimulants in formula
○ 2.1 Coca — cocaine
○ 2.2 Kola nuts — caffeine
• 3 Production
○ 3.1 Ingredients
○ 3.2 Formula of natural flavorings
○ 3.3 Franchised production model
• 4 Brand portfolio
○ 4.1 Logo design
○ 4.2 Contour bottle design
• 5 Local competitors
• 6 Advertising
○ 6.1 Holiday campaigns
○ 6.2 Sports sponsorship
○ 6.3 In mass media
• 7 Health effects
• 8 Criticism
• 9 Urban myths
○ 9.1 Use as a spermicide
• 10 Use as a political and corporate symbol
 • 11 See also
○ 11.1 Coca-Cola variations
• 12 Notes
• 13 External links

History
The first Coca-Cola recipe was invented in a drugstore in Columbus, Georgia by John
Pemberton, originally as a cocawine called Pemberton's French Wine Coca in 1885.[3] He may
have been inspired by the formidable success of Vin Mariani, a European cocawine.
In 1886, when Atlanta and Fulton County passed prohibition legislation, Pemberton responded
by developing Coca-Cola, essentially a non-alcoholic version of French Wine Cola.[4] The first
sales were at Jacob's Pharmacy in Atlanta, Georgia, on May 8, 1886.[5] It was initially sold as a
patent medicine for five cents[6] a glass at soda fountains, which were popular in the United
States at the time due to the belief that carbonated water was good for the health.[7] Pemberton
claimed Coca-Cola cured many diseases, including morphine addiction, dyspepsia, neurasthenia,
headache, and impotence. Pemberton ran the first advertisement for the beverage on May 29 of
the same year in the Atlanta Journal.[8]
By 1888, three versions of Coca-Cola—sold by three separate businesses—were on the market.
Asa Griggs Candler acquired a stake in Pemberton's company in 1887 and incorporated it as the
Coca Cola Company in 1888.[9] The same year, while suffering from an ongoing addiction to
morphine,[citation needed] Pemberton sold the rights a second time to four more businessmen: J.C.
Mayfield, A.O. Murphey, C.O. Mullahy and E.H. Bloodworth. Meanwhile, Pemberton's
alcoholic[citation needed] son Charley Pemberton began selling his own version of the product.[10]
John Pemberton declared that the name "Coca-Cola" belonged to Charley, but the other two
manufacturers could continue to use the formula. So, in the summer of 1888, Candler sold his
beverage under the names Yum Yum and Koke. After both failed to catch on, Candler set out to
establish a legal claim to Coca-Cola in late 1888, in order to force his two competitors out of the
business. Candler purchased exclusive rights to the formula from John Pemberton, Margaret
Dozier and Woolfolk Walker. However, in 1914, Dozier came forward to claim her signature on
the bill of sale had been forged, and subsequent analysis has indicated John Pemberton's
signature was most likely a forgery as well.[11]

Old German Coca-Cola bottle opener

In 1892 Candler incorporated a second company, The Coca-Cola Company (the current
corporation), and in 1910 Candler had the earliest records of the company burned, further
obscuring its legal origins. By the time of its 50th anniversary, the drink had reached the status of
a national icon in the USA. In 1935, it was certified kosher by Rabbi Tobias Geffen, after the
company made minor changes in the sourcing of some ingredients.[12]
Coca-Cola was sold in bottles for the first time on March 12, 1894. The first outdoor wall
advertisement was painted in the same year as well in Cartersville, Georgia.[13] Cans of Coke first
appeared in 1955.[14] The first bottling of Coca-Cola occurred in Vicksburg, Mississippi, at the
Biedenharn Candy Company in 1891. Its proprietor was Joseph A. Biedenharn. The original
bottles were Biedenharn bottles, very different from the much later hobble-skirt design that is
now so familiar. Asa Candler was tentative about bottling the drink, but two entrepreneurs from
Chattanooga, Tennessee, Benjamin F. Thomas and Joseph B. Whitehead, proposed the idea and
were so persuasive that Candler signed a contract giving them control of the procedure for only
one dollar. Candler never collected his dollar, but in 1899 Chattanooga became the site of the
first Coca-Cola bottling company.[15] The loosely termed contract proved to be problematic for
the company for decades to come. Legal matters were not helped by the decision of the bottlers
to subcontract to other companies, effectively becoming parent bottlers.[16]
Coke concentrate, or Coke syrup, was and is sold separately at pharmacies in small quantities, as
an over-the-counter remedy for nausea or mildly upset stomach.
New Coke
Main article: New Coke
On April 23, 1985, Coca-Cola, amid much publicity, attempted to change the formula of the
drink with "New Coke". Follow-up taste tests revealed that most consumers preferred the taste of
New Coke to both Coke and Pepsi, but Coca-Cola management was unprepared for the public's
nostalgia for the old drink, leading to a backlash. The company gave in to protests and returned
to a variation of the old formula, with high-fructose replacing cane sugar, under the name Coca-
Cola Classic on July 10, 1985.
21st Century
On February 7, 2005, the Coca-Cola Company announced that in the second quarter of 2005 they
planned to launch a Diet Coke product sweetened with the artificial sweetener sucralose
("Splenda"), the same sweetener currently used in Pepsi One.[17][18] On March 21, 2005, it
announced another diet product, Coca-Cola Zero, sweetened partly with a blend of aspartame
and acesulfame potassium.[19] In 2007, Coca-Cola began to sell a new "healthy soda": Diet Coke
with vitamins B6, B12, magnesium, niacin, and zinc, marketed as "Diet Coke Plus."
On July 5, 2005, it was revealed that Coca-Cola would resume operations in Iraq for the first
time since the Arab League boycotted the company in 1968.[20]
In April 2007, in Canada, the name "Coca-Cola Classic" was changed back to "Coca-Cola." The
word "Classic" was truncated because "New Coke" was no longer in production, eliminating the
need to differentiate between the two.[21] The formula remained unchanged.
In January 2009, Coca-Cola stopped printing the word "Classic" on the labels of 16-ounce
bottles sold in parts of the southeastern United States.[22] The change is part of a larger strategy to
rejuvenate the product's image.[22]
Use of stimulants in formula
When launched Coca-Cola's two key ingredients were cocaine (benzoylmethyl ecgonine) and
caffeine. The cocaine was derived from the coca leaf and the caffeine from kola nut, leading to
the name Coca-Cola (the "K" in Kola was replaced with a "C" for marketing purposes).[23][24]
Coca — cocaine
Pemberton called for five ounces of coca leaf per gallon of syrup, a significant dose; in 1891,
Candler claimed his formula (altered extensively from Pemberton's original) contained only a
tenth of this amount. Coca-Cola did once contain an estimated nine milligrams of cocaine per
glass, but in 1903 it was removed.[25] Coca-Cola still contains coca flavoring.
After 1904, instead of using fresh leaves, Coca-Cola started using "spent" leaves—the leftovers
of the cocaine-extraction process with cocaine trace levels left over at a molecular level.[26] To
this day, Coca-Cola uses as an ingredient a cocaine-free coca leaf extract prepared at a Stepan
Company plant in Maywood, New Jersey.
In the United States, Stepan Company is the only manufacturing plant authorized by the Federal
Government to import and process the coca plant,[27] which it obtains mainly from Peru and, to a
lesser extent, Bolivia. Besides producing the coca flavoring agent for Coca-Cola, Stepan
Company extracts cocaine from the coca leaves, which it sells to Mallinckrodt, a St. Louis,
Missouri pharmaceutical manufacturer that is the only company in the United States licensed to
purify cocaine for medicinal use.[28] Stepan Company buys about 100 metric tons of dried
Peruvian coca leaves each year, according to Marco Castillo, spokesman for Peru's state-owned
National Coca Co.[29]
Kola nuts — caffeine
Kola nuts act as a flavoring and the source of caffeine in Coca-Cola. In Britain, for example, the
ingredient label states "Flavourings (Including Caffeine)."[30] Kola nuts contain about 2 percent to
3.5 percent caffeine, are of bitter flavor and are commonly used in cola soft drinks. In 1911, the
U.S. government initiated United States v. Forty Barrels and Twenty Kegs of Coca-Cola, hoping
to force Coca-Cola to remove caffeine from its formula. The case was decided in favor of Coca-
Cola. Subsequently, in 1912 the U.S. Pure Food and Drug Act was amended, adding caffeine to
the list of "habit-forming" and "deleterious" substances which must be listed on a product's label.
Coca-Cola contains 34 mg of caffeine per 12 fluid ounces, while Diet Coke Caffeine-Free
contains 0 mg.[31]
Production

A 350 ml Coca-Cola.
Ingredients
• Carbonated water
 • Sugar (sucrose or fructose depending on country of origin)
• Caffeine
• Phosphoric acid v. Caramel (E150d)
• Natural flavourings[32]
A can of Coca-Cola (330 millilitres (12 imp fl oz; 11 US fl oz)) contains 35 grams (1.2 oz), or 7-
8 teaspoons, of sugar.[33]

Bottles of Coca-Cola Zero and Coca-Cola Light

Formula of natural flavorings
Main article: Coca-Cola formula
The exact formula of Coca-Cola's natural flavourings (but not its other ingredients which are
listed on the side of the bottle or can) is a famous trade secret. The original copy of the formula
is held in SunTrust Bank's main vault in Atlanta. Its predecessor, the Trust Company, was the
underwriter for the Coca-Cola Company's initial public offering in 1919. A popular myth states
that only two executives have access to the formula, with each executive having only half the
formula.[34] The truth is that while Coca-Cola does have a rule restricting access to only two
executives, each knows the entire formula and others, in addition to the prescribed duo, have
known the formulation process.[35]
Franchised production model
The actual production and distribution of Coca-Cola follows a franchising model. The Coca-Cola
Company only produces a syrup concentrate, which it sells to bottlers throughout the world, who
hold Coca-Cola franchises for one or more geographical areas. The bottlers produce the final
drink by mixing the syrup with filtered water and sweeteners, and then carbonate it before
putting it in cans and bottles, which the bottlers then sell and distribute to retail stores, vending
machines, restaurants and food service distributors.[36]
The Coca-Cola Company owns minority shares in some of its largest franchises, like Coca-Cola
Enterprises, Coca-Cola Amatil, Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company (CCHBC) and Coca-Cola
FEMSA, but fully independent bottlers produce almost half of the volume sold in the world.
Independent bottlers are allowed to sweeten the drink according to local tastes.[37]
The bottling plant in Skopje, Macedonia received the 2009 award for "Best Bottling Company".
[38]
Brand portfolio
Name Launched Discontinued Notes Picture

Coca-Cola 1886 The original version of Coca-Cola.

Caffeine-Free
1983
Coca-Cola

Was available in Canada starting in 1996.

Called "Cherry Coca-Cola (Cherry Coke)"
Coca-Cola
1985 in North America until 2006. Zero-calorie
Cherry
variant (Coca-Cola Cherry Zero) also
currently available.

New
Coke/"Coca- 1985 2002 Still available in Yap and American Samoa
Cola II"

Still available in:

American Samoa, Austria, Belgium, Brazil,
China, Denmark, Federation of Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Finland, France, Germany,
Coca-Cola Hong Kong, Iceland, Korea, Luxembourg,
2001 2005
with Lemon Macau, Malaysia, Mongolia, Netherlands,
Norway, Réunion, Singapore, Spain,
Switzerland, Taiwan, Tunisia, United
Kingdom, United States, and West Bank-
Gaza
 Still available in:
Austria, Australia, China, Germany, Hong
Kong, New Zealand (600ml only) Malaysia,
2002 2005
Coca-Cola Sweden (Imported) and Russia. Was called
Vanilla "Vanilla Coca-Cola (Vanilla Coke)" during
initial U.S. availability.
It was reintroduced in June 2007 by popular
2007
demand

Was only available in Japan, Canada, and

Coca-Cola C2 2003 2007
the United States.

Coca-Cola Available in Belgium, Netherlands,

2005
with Lime Singapore,Canada, and the United States.

Coca-Cola
June 2005 End of 2005 Was only available in New Zealand.
Raspberry

Coca-Cola
2005
Zero

Only available in Federation of Bosnia and

Coca-Cola
2005 Herzegovina, Germany, Italy, Spain,
M5
Mexico and Brazil
Coca-Cola
Middle of
Black Cherry 2006 Was replaced by Vanilla Coke in June 2007
2007
Vanilla

Only available in the United States, France,

Coca-Cola Beginning of Canada, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic,
2006
Blāk 2008 Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria and Lithuania
Coca-Cola Only available in Federation of Bosnia and
2006
Citra Herzegovina, New Zealand and Japan.

Coca-Cola
2006 Only available in France and Belgium.
Light Sango

Coca-Cola Only available in the United Kingdom and

2007
Orange Gibraltar

Introduced in bottle form after Coke Classic

Coca-Cola
2008 in cans was made. Available in Australia
Classic
and the United States.
Logo design

U.S. containers as of 2008[update]. Sizes vary from 8 US fl oz (240 mL) to 2 L (68 US fl oz), shown
in cans and glass and plastic bottles.
The famous Coca-Cola logo was created by John Pemberton's bookkeeper, Frank Mason
Robinson, in 1885.[39] Robinson came up with the name and chose the logo's distinctive cursive
script. The typeface used, known as Spencerian script, was developed in the mid 19th century
and was the dominant form of formal handwriting in the United States during that period.
Robinson also played a significant role in early Coca-Cola advertising. His promotional
suggestions to Pemberton included giving away thousands of free drink coupons and plastering
the city of Atlanta with publicity banners and streetcar signs.[40]
Contour bottle design
The equally famous Coca-Cola bottle, called the "contour bottle" within the company, but known
to some as the "hobble skirt" bottle, was created in 1915 by bottle designer Earl R. Dean. In
1915, the Coca-Cola Company launched a competition among its bottle suppliers to create a new
bottle for the beverage that would distinguish it from other beverage bottles, "a bottle which a
person could recognize even if they felt it in the dark, and so shaped that, even if broken, a
person could tell at a glance what it was."[41]

Earl R. Dean's original 1915 concept drawing of the contour Coca-Cola bottle
Chapman J. Root, president of the Root Glass Company, turned the project over to members of
his supervisory staff, including company auditor T. Clyde Edwards, plant superintendent
Alexander Samuelsson, and Earl R. Dean, bottle designer and supervisor of the bottle molding
room. Root and his subordinates decided to base the bottle's design on one of the soda's two
ingredients, the coca leaf or the kola nut, but were unaware of what either ingredient looked like.
Dean and Edwards went to the Emeline Fairbanks Memorial Library and were unable to find any
information about coca or kola. Instead, Dean was inspired by a picture of the gourd-shaped
cocoa pod in the Encyclopedia Britannica. Dean made a rough sketch of the pod and returned
back to the plant to show Mr. Root. He explained to Root how he could transform the shape of
the pod into a bottle. Chapman Root gave Dean his approval.[41]

The prototype never made it to production since its middle diameter was larger than its base,
making it unstable on conveyor belts.
Faced with the upcoming scheduled maintenance of the mold-making machinery, over the next
24 hours Dean sketched out a concept drawing which was approved by Root the next morning.
Dean then proceeded to create a bottle mold and produced a small number of bottles before the
glass-molding machinery was turned off.[42]
Chapman Root approved the prototype bottle and a design patent was issued on the bottle in
November, 1915. The prototype never made it to production since its middle diameter was larger
than its base, making it unstable on conveyor belts. Dean resolved this issue by decreasing the
bottle's middle diameter. During the 1916 bottler's convention, Dean's contour bottle was chosen
over other entries and was on the market the same year. By 1920, the contour bottle became the
standard for the Coca-Cola Company. Today, the contour Coca-Cola bottle is one of the most
recognized packages on the planet..."even in the dark!".[43]

Dean reduced the middle diameter, creating the famed Contour Coca-Cola bottle.
As a reward for his efforts, Dean was offered a choice between a $500 bonus or a lifetime job at
the Root Glass Company. He chose the lifetime job and kept it until the Owens-Illinois Glass
Company bought out the Root Glass Company in the mid-1930s. Dean went on to work in other
Midwestern glass factories.
Although endorsed by some[who?], this version of events is not considered authoritative by
many[who?] who consider it implausible. One alternative depiction has Raymond Loewy as the
inventor of the unique design, but, while Loewy did serve as a designer of Coke cans and bottles
in later years, he was in the French Army the year the bottle was invented and did not emigrate to
the United States until 1919. Others have attributed inspiration for the design not to the cocoa
pod, but to a Victorian hooped dress.[44]
In 1944, Associate Justice Roger J. Traynor of the Supreme Court of California took advantage
of a case involving a waitress injured by an exploding Coca-Cola bottle to articulate the doctrine
of strict liability for defective products. Traynor's concurring opinion in Escola v. Coca-Cola
Bottling Co. is widely recognized as a landmark case in U.S. law today.[45]
In 1997, Coca-Cola also introduced a "contour can," similar in shape to its famous bottle, on a
few test markets, including Terre Haute, Indiana.[46] The new can has never been widely released.
A new slim and tall can began to appear in Australia as of December 20, 2006, it cost AU$1.95.
The cans have a distinct resemblance to energy drinks that are popular with teenagers. The cans
were commissioned by Domino's Pizza and are available exclusively at their restaurants.
In January 2007, Coca-Cola Canada changed "Coca-Cola Classic" labeling, removing the
"Classic" designation, leaving only "Coca-Cola." Coca-Cola stated this is merely a name change
and the product remains the same. The cans still bear the "Classic" logo in the United States.
Coca-Cola in the new aluminum bottle.
Coca-Cola is a registered trademark in most countries. The U.S. trademark was registered in the
United States Patent Office on January 31, 1893. In the UK, Coca-Cola was registered with the
UK Patent Office on July 11, 1922, under registration number 427817.
In 2007, Coca-Cola introduced an aluminum can designed to look like the original glass Coca-
Cola bottles.
In 2007, the company's logo on cans and bottles changed. The cans and bottles retained the red
color and familiar typeface, but the design was simplified, leaving only the logo and a plain
white swirl (the "dynamic ribbon").
In 2008, in some parts of the world, the plastic bottles for all Coke varieties (including the larger
1.25- and 2-liter bottles) was changed to include a new plastic screw cap and a contoured bottle
shape designed to evoke the old glass bottles.
Local competitors
Pepsi is usually second to Coke in sales, but outsells Coca-Cola in some markets. Around the
world, some local brands compete with Coke. In South and Central America Kola Real, known
as Big Cola in Mexico, is a fast-growing competitor to Coca-Cola.[47] On the French island of
Corsica, Corsica Cola, made by brewers of the local Pietra beer, is a growing competitor to
Coca-Cola. In the French region of Bretagne, Breizh Cola is available. In Peru, Inca Kola
outsells Coca-Cola, which lead The Coca-Cola Company to purchase the brand in 1999. In
Sweden, Julmust outsells Coca-Cola during the Christmas season.[48] In Scotland, the locally-
produced Irn-Bru was more popular than Coca-Cola until 2005, when Coca-Cola and Diet Coke
began to outpace its sales.[49] In India, Coca-Cola ranked third behind the leader, Pepsi-Cola, and
local drink Thums Up. The Coca-Cola Company purchased Thums Up in 1993.[50] As of 2004,
Coca-Cola held a 60.9% market-share in India.[51] Tropicola, a domestic drink, is served in Cuba
instead of Coca-Cola, due to a United States embargo. French brand Mecca Cola and British
brand Qibla Cola, popular in the Middle East, are competitors to Coca-Cola. In Turkey, Cola
Turka is a major competitor to Coca-Cola. In Iran and many countries of Middle East, Zam Zam
Cola and Parsi Cola are major competitors to Coca-Cola. In some parts of China Future cola is a
competitor. In Slovenia, the locally-produced Cockta is a major competitor to Coca-Cola, as is
the inexpensive Mercator Cola, which is sold only in the country's biggest supermarket chain,
Mercator. In Israel, RC Cola is an inexpensive competitor. Classiko Cola, made by Tiko Group,
the largest manufacturing company in Madagascar , is a serious competitor to Coca-Cola in
many regions. Laranjada is the top-selling soft drink on the Portuguese island of Madeira. Coca-
Cola has stated that Pepsi was not its main rival in the UK, but rather Robinsons drinks.[citation
needed]

Advertising

An 1890s advertisement showing model Hilda Clark in formal 19th century attire. The ad is
titled Drink Coca-Cola 5¢.

Coca-Cola ghost sign in Fort Dodge, Iowa. Note older Coca-Cola ghosts behind Borax and
telephone ads.
Coca-Cola's advertising has significantly affected American culture, and it is frequently credited
with inventing the modern image of Santa Claus as an old man in a red-and-white suit. Although
the company did start using the red-and-white Santa image in the 1930s, with its winter
advertising campaigns illustrated by Haddon Sundblom, the motif was already common.[52] Coca-
Cola was not even the first soft drink company to use the modern image of Santa Claus in its
advertising: White Rock Beverages used Santa in advertisements for its ginger ale in 1923, after
first using him to sell mineral water in 1915.[53][54]
Before Santa Claus, Coca-Cola relied on images of smartly-dressed young women to sell its
beverages. Coca-Cola's first such advertisement appeared in 1895, featuring the young Bostonian
actress Hilda Clark as its spokeswoman.
1941 saw the first use of the nickname "Coke" as an official trademark for the product, with a
series of advertisements informing consumers that "Coke means Coca-Cola".[55]
In 1971, a song from a Coca-Cola commercial called "I'd Like to Teach the World to Sing,"
produced by Billy Davis, became a hit single.
Coke's advertising is pervasive, as one of Woodruff's stated goals was to ensure that everyone on
Earth drank Coca-Cola as their preferred beverage. This is especially true in southern areas of the
United States, such as Atlanta, where Coke was born.

Coca-Cola sales booth on the Cape Verde island of Fogo in 2004.

Some of the memorable Coca-Cola television commercials between 1960 through 1986 were
written and produced by former Atlanta radio veteran Don Naylor (WGST 1936–1950, WAGA
1951–1959) during his career as a producer for the McCann Erickson advertising agency. Many
of these early television commercials for Coca-Cola featured movie stars, sports heroes and
popular singers.
During the 1980s, Pepsi-Cola ran a series of television advertisements showing people
participating in taste tests demonstrating that, according to the commercials, "fifty percent of the
participants who said they preferred Coke actually chose the Pepsi." Statisticians were quick to
point out the problematic nature of a 50/50 result: most likely, all the taste tests really showed
was that in blind tests, most people simply cannot tell the difference between Pepsi and Coke.
Coca-Cola ran ads to combat Pepsi's ads in an incident sometimes referred to as the cola wars;
one of Coke's ads compared the so-called Pepsi challenge to two chimpanzees deciding which
tennis ball was furrier. Thereafter, Coca-Cola regained its leadership in the market.
Selena was a spokesperson for Coca-Cola from 1989 till the time of her death. She filmed three
commercials for the company. In 1994, to commemorate her five years with the company, Coca-
Cola issued special Selena coke bottles.[56]
The Coca-Cola Company purchased Columbia Pictures in 1982, and began inserting Coke-
product images in many of its films. After a few early successes during Coca-Cola's ownership,
Columbia began to under-perform, and the studio was sold to Sony in 1989.
Coca-Cola has gone through a number of different advertising slogans in its long history,
including "The pause that refreshes," "I'd like to buy the world a Coke," and "Coke is it" (see
Coca-Cola slogans).
In 2006, Coca-Cola introduced My Coke Rewards, a customer loyalty campaign where
consumers earn points by entering codes from specially-marked packages of Coca-Cola products
into a website. These points can be redeemed for various prizes or sweepstakes entries.[57]
Holiday campaigns

Coca-Cola Christmas truck in Germany

The "Holidays are coming!" advertisement features a train of red delivery trucks, emblazoned
with the Coca-Cola name and decorated with electric lights, driving through a snowy landscape
and causing everything that they pass to light up and people to watch as they pass through.[58]
The advertisement fell into disuse in 2001, as the Coca-Cola company restructured its advertising
campaigns so that advertising around the world was produced locally in each country, rather than
centrally in the company's headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia.[59] However, in 2007, the company
brought back the campaign after, according to the company, many consumers telephoned its
information center saying that they considered it to mark the beginning of Christmas.[58] The
advertisement was created by U.S. advertising agency Doner, and has been part of the company's
global advertising campaign for many years.[60]
Keith Law, a producer and writer of commercials for Belfast CityBeat, was not convinced by
Coca-Cola's reintroduction of the advertisement in 2007, saying that "I don't think there's
anything Christmassy about HGVs and the commercial is too generic."[61]
In 2001, singer Melanie Thornton recorded the campaign's advertising jingle as a single,
Wonderful Dream (Holidays are Coming), which entered the pop-music charts in Germany at no.
9.[62][63] In 2005, Coca-Cola expanded the advertising campaign to radio, employing several
variations of the jingle.[64]
Sports sponsorship
Coca-Cola was the first commercial sponsor of the Olympic games, at the 1928 games in
Amsterdam, and has been an Olympics sponsor ever since.[65] This corporate sponsorship
included the 1996 Summer Olympics hosted in Atlanta, which allowed Coca-Cola to spotlight its
hometown. Since 1978, Coca-Cola has sponsored each FIFA World Cup, and other competitions
organised by FIFA. In fact, one FIFA tournament trophy, the FIFA World Youth Championship
from Tunisia in 1977 to Malaysia in 1997, was called "FIFA — Coca Cola Cup".[66] In addition,
Coca-Cola sponsors the annual Coca-Cola 600 and Coke Zero 400 for the NASCAR Sprint Cup
Series at Lowe's Motor Speedway in Charlotte, North Carolina and Daytona International
Speedway in Daytona, Florida. Coca-Cola has a long history of sports marketing relationships,
which over the years have included Major League Baseball, the National Football League,
National Basketball Association and the National Hockey League, as well as with many teams
within those leagues. Coca-Cola is the official soft drink of many collegiate football teams
throughout the nation.
Coca-Cola was one of the official sponsors of the 1996 Cricket World Cup held on the Indian
subcontinent. Coca Cola is also one of the associate sponsor of Delhi Daredevils in Indian
Premier League.
In England, Coca-Cola is the main sponsor of The Football League, a name given to the three
professional divisions below the Premier League in football (soccer). It is also responsible for the
renaming of these divisions — until the advent of Coca-Cola sponsorship, they were referred to
as Divisions One, Two and Three. Since 2004, the divisions have been known as The
Championship (equiv. of Division 1), League One (equiv. of Div. 2) and League 2 (equiv. of
Division 3). This renaming has caused unrest amongst some fans, who see it as farcical that the
third tier of English Football is now called "League One." In 2005, Coca-Cola launched a
competition for the 72 clubs of the football league — it was called "Win a Player". This allowed
fans to place 1 vote per day for their beloved club, with 1 entry being chosen at random earning
£250,000 for the club; this was repeated in 2006. The "Win A Player" competition was very
controversial, as at the end of the 2 competitions, Leeds United AFC had the most votes by more
than double, yet they did not win any money to spend on a new player for the club. In 2007, the
competition changed to "Buy a Player". This competition allowed fans to buy a bottle of Coca-
Cola Zero or Coca-Cola and submit the code on the wrapper on the Coca-Cola website
{www.coca-colafootball.co.uk}. This code could then earn anything from 50p to £100,000 for a
club of their choice. This competition was favored over the old "Win A Player" competition, as it
allowed all clubs to win some money.
In mass media
Coca-Cola has been prominently featured in countless films and television programs. It was a
major plot element in films such as One, Two, Three, The Coca-Cola Kid, and The Gods Must
Be Crazy. It provides a setting for comical corporate shenanigans in the novel Syrup by Maxx
Barry. And in music, in the Beatles' song, "Come Together", the lyrics said, "Coca-Cola, he
say...".
Health effects
Since studies indicate "soda and sweetened drinks are the main source of calories in [the]
American diet,"[67] most nutritionists advise that Coca-Cola and other soft drinks can be harmful
if consumed excessively, particularly to young children whose soft drink consumption competes
with, rather than complements, a balanced diet. Studies have shown that regular soft drink users
have a lower intake of calcium, magnesium, ascorbic acid, riboflavin and vitamin A.[68] The drink
has also aroused criticism for its use of caffeine, which can cause physical dependence.[69] A link
has been shown between long-term regular cola intake, of which Coca-Cola is the most
consumed brand worldwide, and osteoporosis in older women (but not men).[70] This was thought
to be due to the presence of phosphoric acid, and the risk was found to be same for caffeinated
and noncaffeinated colas, as well as the same for diet and sugared colas.
The use of Coca-Cola has also been associated with an increase of tumors as found by the
Ramazzini Foundation[71] in 2006.
A common criticism of Coke based on its allegedly toxic acidity levels has been found to be
baseless by researchers; lawsuits based on these notions have been dismissed by several
American courts for this reason. Although numerous court cases have been filed against The
Coca-Cola Company since the 1920s, alleging that the acidity of the drink is dangerous, no
evidence corroborating this claim has been found. Under normal conditions, scientific evidence
indicates Coca-Cola's acidity causes no immediate harm.[72]
Since 1985 in the U.S., Coke has been made with high fructose corn syrup instead of the more
expensive cane-sugar glucose or fructose. Some nutritionists also caution against consumption of
high fructose corn syrup because it may aggravate obesity and type-2 diabetes more than cane
sugar.[73] Also, a 2009 study found that almost half of tested samples of commercial high-fructose
corn syrup (HFCS) contained mercury, a toxic substance.[74]
In India there is a major controversy whether there are pesticides and other harmful chemicals in
bottled products, including Coca-Cola. In 2003 the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), a
non-governmental organization in New Delhi, said aerated waters produced by soft drinks
manufacturers in India, including multinational giants PepsiCo and Coca-Cola, contained toxins
including lindane, DDT, malathion and chlorpyrifos — pesticides that can contribute to cancer
and a breakdown of the immune system. CSE found that the Indian produced Pepsi's soft drink
products had 36 times the level of pesticide residues permitted under European Union
regulations; Coca-Cola's soft drink was found to have 30 times the permitted amount. CSE said it
had tested the same products sold in the U.S. and found no such residues.[75] After the pesticide
allegations were made in 2003, Coca-Cola sales in India declined by 15 percent. In 2004 an
Indian parliamentary committee backed up CSE's findings and a government-appointed
committee was tasked with developing the world's first pesticide standards for soft drinks. The
Coca-Cola Company has responded that its plants filter water to remove potential contaminants
and that its products are tested for pesticides and must meet minimum health standards before
they are distributed.[76] In the Indian state of Kerala sale and production of Coca-Cola, along with
other soft drinks, was initially banned after the allegations, until the High Court in Kerala
overturned ruled that only the federal government can ban food products. Coca-Cola has also
been accused of excessive water usage in India.[77]
Criticism
Main article: Criticism of Coca-Cola
The Coca-Cola Company has been criticized for its business practices, such as high levels of
pesticides in the developing world and alleged use of paramilitary squads in South America;
critics also claim its flagship product has adverse health effects and is aggressively marketed to
children.
Urban myths
Use as a spermicide
The 2008 Ig Nobel Prize (a parody of the Nobel Prizes) in Chemistry was awarded to Sheree
Umpierre, Joseph Hill, and Deborah Anderson, for discovering that Coca-Cola is an effective
spermicide,[78] and to C.Y. Hong, C.C. Shieh, P. Wu, and B.N. Chiang for proving it is not.[79][80]
Use as a political and corporate symbol

Coke dispenser flown aboard the Space Shuttle in 1996

Coca-Cola advertising in the High Atlas mountains (Morocco).

The Coca-Cola drink has a high degree of identification with the United States, being considered
by some an "American Brand" or as an item representing America. The identification with the
spread of American culture has led to the pun "Coca-Colanization".[81] The drink is also often a
metonym for the Coca-Cola Company.
There are some consumer boycotts of Coca-Cola in Arab countries due to Coke's early
investment in Israel during the Arab League boycott of Israel (its competitor Pepsi stayed out of
Israel).[82] Mecca Cola and Pepsi have been successful alternatives in the Middle East.
A Coca-Cola fountain dispenser (officially a Fluids Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus-2 or
FGBA-2) was developed for use on the Space Shuttle as a "a test bed to determine if carbonated
beverages can be produced from separately stored carbon dioxide, water and flavored syrups and
determine if the resulting fluids can be made available for consumption without bubble
nucleation and resulting foam formation." The unit flew in 1996 aboard STS-77 and held 1.65
liters each of Coca-Cola and Diet Coke.[83]
See also
• Freestyle (Coca Cola), the company's microdosing vending machine
• Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company (CCHBC)
• Fanta
• I'd Like to Teach the World to Sing
• List of Coca-Cola brands
• OpenCola
• The World of Coca-Cola
• Premix and postmix
• Coca Cola's competitor, Pepsi
Coca-Cola variations
• Coca-Cola
• New Coke (renamed Coke II)
• Diet Coke (also known as Coca-Cola Light)
• Diet Coke Plus
• Coca-Cola C2
• Coca-Cola Zero
• Coca-Cola Cherry Zero
• Coca-Cola Cherry
• Diet Coke Cherry
• Coca-Cola with Lemon
• Diet Coke with Lemon
• Coca-Cola Vanilla Zero
• Coca-Cola Vanilla
• Diet Coca-Cola Vanilla
• Coca-Cola with Lime
• Diet Coke with Lime
• Coca-Cola Raspberry
• Diet Coke Raspberry
• Coca-Cola Black Cherry Vanilla
• Diet Coke Cherry Vanilla
• Coca-Cola Blāk
• Diet Coca-Cola with Citrus (Lemon and Lime)
• Coca-Cola with Orange (Out June 2007 in the UK)[84]
• TaB (original Diet Coke, still available in some countries)
 • Passover Coca-Cola — a Kosher for Passover Coke made with pure cane sugar instead of
corn syrup.[85]
Notes
1. ^ "Brand Fact Sheet". Coca-Cola official website. 2008-12-01. http://www.virtualvender.coca-
cola.com/ft/index.jsp.
2. ^ "DNA Damage Fear". The Daily Mail. 2008-05-24. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-
1021820/Diet-Coke-drop-additive-DNA-damage-fear.html.
3. ^ "Coca-Cola — Our Brands". http://www.coca-cola.co.uk/ourbrands/default.aspx?id=9.
Retrieved 2007-02-11.
4. ^ Hayes, Jack. "Coca-Cola Television Advertisements: Dr. John S. Pemberton". Nation's
Restaurant News. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ccmphtml/colainvnt.html. Retrieved 2007-01-
21.
5. ^ "The Chronicle Of Coca-Cola". http://www.thecoca-
colacompany.com/heritage/chronicle_birth_refreshing_idea.html. Retrieved 2007-11-28.
6. ^ Harford, Tim (2007-05-11). "The Mystery of the 5-Cent Coca-Cola: Why it's so hard for
companies to raise prices". Slate. http://www.slate.com/id/2165787/.
7. ^ "Themes for Coca-Cola Advertising (1886-1999)".
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ccmphtml/colatime1.html. Retrieved 2007-02-11.
8. ^ "Coca-Cola at Home". http://xroads.virginia.edu/~class/coke/coke1.html. Retrieved 2007-01-
21.
9. ^ Mark" Pendergrast (2000). For God, Country and Coca-Cola. Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-
05468-4.
10.^ Mark Pendergrast (2000). For God, Country and Coca-Cola. Basic Books. pp. 41 – 45. ISBN
0-465-05468-4.
11.^ Mark Pendergrast (2000). For God, Country and Coca-Cola. Basic Books. pp. 45 – 47. ISBN
0-465-05468-4.
12.^ "Beyond Seltzer Water: The Kashering of Coca-Cola". American Jewish Historical Society.
http://www.ajhs.org/publications/chapters/chapter.cfm?documentID=270. Retrieved 2007-02-26.
13.^ First painted wall sign to advertise Coca-Cola : Cartersville, GA - Waymarking
14.^ "Coke Can History". http://home.comcast.net/~collectiblesodacans/Cokepg1.htm. Retrieved
2007-01-21.
15.^ "Chattanooga Coca-Cola History". http://www.chattanoogacocacola.com/history.asp. Retrieved
2008-08-24.
16.^ "History Of Bottling". http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/ourcompany/historybottling.html.
Retrieved 2007-02-23.
17.^ "Diet Coke Sweetened with Splenda". http://www2.coca-
cola.com/presscenter/newproducts_dietcoke_splenda.html. Retrieved 2007-01-06.
18.^ "Pepsi Brands — Pepsi One". http://www.pepsi.com/help/faqs/faq.php?
category=pepsi_brands&page=pepsi_one. Retrieved 2007-01-06.
19.^ "Coke to launch new no-calorie soda". http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7257920/. Retrieved
2007-11-28.
20.^ Cola wars as Coke moves on Baghdad - The Guardian
21.^ According to a Coca-Cola customer-service representative.
22.^ a b McKay, Betsy (January 30, 2009). "Coke to Omit 'Classic'". The Wall Street Journal.
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123332768434033495.html?mod=googlenews_wsj.
23.^ Coca-cola
24.^ "The History of Coca Cola". http://inventors.about.com/od/cstartinventions/a/coca_cola.htm.
Retrieved 2007-01-23.
25.^ Liebowitz, Michael, R. (1983). The Chemistry of Love. Boston: Little, Brown, & Co.
26.^ "Is it true Coca Cola once contained cocaine?".
http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a2_033.html. Retrieved 2007-02-27.
27.^ May, Clifford D. "How Coca-Cola Obtains Its Coca", The New York Times, July 1, 1998.
Accessed December 4, 2007
28.^ Benson, Drew. "Coca kick in drinks spurs export fears".
http://www.mindfully.org/Food/2004/Kdrink-Coca-Drink19apr04.htm.
29.^ "The Legal Importation of Coca Leaf". http://www.uic.edu/classes/osci/osci590/9_3%20The
%20Legal%20Importation%20of%20Coca%20Leaf.htm. Retrieved 2007-02-11.
30.^ Coca-Cola Your Health - You and Your Family's GDA Questions Answered
31.^ "Caffeine Content of Some Cola Beverages". Google Books. http://books.google.co.uk/books?
id=WxmBmvhsoZ8C&pg=PA363&lpg=PA363&dq=caffeine+coca+cola&source=web&ots=W6
fAOUX04Z&sig=qz-
hOHFVuOBx94EcFpvPF6x_sAc&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=9&ct=result.
32.^ http://www.letsgettogether.co.uk/DetailQuestionAnswer/QuestionID=2-color=df0f0b
33.^ http://www.letsgettogether.co.uk/DetailQuestionAnswer/QuestionID=3025-color=df0f0b
34.^ "Urban Legends Reference Pages: Cokelore". http://www.snopes.com/cokelore/. Retrieved
2007-02-10.
35.^ "Urban Legends Reference Pages: Cokelore (Have a Cloak and a Smile)".
http://www.snopes.com/cokelore/formula.asp. Retrieved 2007-02-22.
36.^ "Coca-Cola — Our Company — About Bottling". http://www.thecoca-
colacompany.com/ourcompany/aboutbottling.html. Retrieved 2007-02-22.
37.^ "What Is the Difference Between Coca-Cola Enterprises and the Coca-Cola Company".
http://www.cokecce.com/pages/allContent.asp?page_id=84#q1. Retrieved 2007-02-22.
38.^ Coca Cola: Macedonia makes the best Coke
39.^ "Coca Cola Company — Red Spencerian Script".
http://inventors.about.com/od/advertisingmedia/ss/Coca_Cola_Comp_2.htm. Retrieved 2007-01-
11.
40.^ "Frank Robinson, creator of the Coca-Cola logo". http://coca-cola-art.com/2008/06/05/frank-
robinson/. Retrieved 2008-12-15.
41.^ a b "Inventory: Earl R. Dean Collection". Vigo County Public Library.
http://www.vigo.lib.in.us/vcplarchive/inventories/business/dean.asp. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
42.^ Lundy, Betty (1986). The Bottle. American Heritage Inc.. pp. 98–101.
http://contourbottle.angelfire.com/The_Bottle.pdf.
43.^ "1916 ... Birth of the Contour Bottle". The Coca-Cola Company. http://www.thecoca-
colacompany.com/ourcompany/historybottling.html. Retrieved 2007-04-19.
44.^ Snopes urban legend of the Coca-Cola bottle shape.
45.^ See, e.g., Lawrence M. Friedman, American Law in the 20th Century (New Haven: Yale
University Press, 2004), 356-357, and Jay M. Feinman, Law 101: Everything You Need to Know
About the American Legal System, rev. ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), 165-168.
46.^ "Coke Debuts Contour Can". http://www.beverage-digest.com/editorial/970221.html.
47.^ Mireles, Ricardo. "In Mexico, Big Cola is the real thing". Logistics Today.
http://www.logisticstoday.com/sNO/6366/iID/20876/LT/displayStory.asp. Retrieved 2007-01-
15.
48.^ "About Kristall Beverage". Retrieved June 14, 2006.
49.^ Murden, Terry (January 30, 2005). Coke adds life to health drinks sector. Scotland on Sunday.
Retrieved February 14, 2006.
50.^ Kripalani, Manjeet and Mark L. Clifford (February 10, 2003) "Finally, Coke Gets It Right in
India". BusinessWeek. Retrieved August 9, 2006.
51.^ "Fizzical Facts: Coke claims 60% mkt share in India", Times News Network, August 5, 2005
52.^ Barbara Mikkelson and David P. Mikkelson, "The Claus That Refreshes," snopes.com,
February 27, 2001 (accessed June 10, 2005).
53.^ The White Rock Collectors Association, "Did White Rock or The Coca-Cola Company create
the modern Santa Claus Advertisement?," whiterocking.org, 2001 (accessed January 19, 2007).
54.^ White Rock Beverages, "Coca-Cola's Santa Claus: Not The Real Thing!," BevNET.com,
December 18, 2006 (accessed January 19, 2007).
55.^ Coca-Cola Conversations: Coke means Coca-Cola
56.^ Orozco, Cynthia E. Quintanilla Perez, Selena. The Handbook of Texas online. Retrieved on
June 5, 2006
57.^ My Coke Rewards (Official Site)
58.^ a b Nikki Sandison (2007-11-16). "Coca-Cola revives popular 'holidays are coming' ad". Brand
Republic. http://brandrepublic.com./News/767575/Coca-Cola-revives-popular-holidays-coming-
ad/.
59.^ Stephen Armstrong (2001-05-14). "Coke goes for broke". The Guardian (Guardian News and
Media Limited). http://guardian.co.uk./media/2001/may/14/mondaymediasection6.
60.^ "The Coca-Cola Challenge". Campaign. 2004-10-22.
http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-7140327_ITM.
61.^ Jane Hardy (2007-12-27). "Do TV campaigns ad up?". The Belfast Telegraph.
http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk./lifestyle/do-tv-campaigns-ad-up-13505247.html.
62.^ "Melanie Thornton: "Ich wollte immer Musik"" (in German). Der Spiegel (SPIEGELnet
GmbH). 2001-11-25. http://spiegel.de./panorama/0,1518,169615,00.html.
63.^ Prentiss Findlay (2001-12-07). "Charleston native Thornton to be buried on Saturday.". The
Post and Courier (Charleston, SC). http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-
2079594_ITM.
64.^ Nicola Clark (2005-11-29). "Coca-Cola restructures in healthy drinks focus". Brand Republic.
http://brandrepublic.com./News/530102/Coca-Cola-restructures-healthy-drinks-focus/.
65.^ "International Olympic Committee — Organisation — Facts and Figures".
http://www.olympic.org/uk/organisation/facts/programme/profiles_uk.asp?sponsor=1. Retrieved
2007-01-13.
66.^ "Marketing & TV > FIFA Partners > Coca Cola".
http://www.fifa.com/en/marketing/partners/index/0,3517,13,00.html. Retrieved 2007-01-13.
67.^ www.sciencedaily.com
68.^ Jacobson, Michael F. (2005). "Liquid Candy: How Soft Drinks are Harming Americans'
Health". Retrieved June 10, 2005.
69.^ Center for Science in the Public Interest (1997). "Label Caffeine Content of Foods, Scientists
Tell FDA." Retrieved June 10, 2005.
70.^ Tucker KL, Morita K, Qiao N, Hannan MT, Cupples LA, and Kiel DP (01 October 2006).
"Colas, but not other carbonated beverages, are associated with low bone mineral density in older
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(4): 336–342. http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/84/4/936. Retrieved 2008-04-21.
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term carcinogenicity bioassays on Coca-Cola administered to Sprague-Dawley rats." (pdf). Ann
NY Acad Sci 1076: 736–752. doi:10.1196/annals.1371.078. PMID 17119251.
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752_2006.pdf.
72.^ Mikkelson, Barbara & Mikkelson, David P. (2004). "Acid Slip". Retrieved June 10, 2005.
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2004). FoodNavigator.com. Retrieved February 27, 2007.
74.^ Washington Post (2009)"Study finds high-fructose corn syrup contains mercury".Retrieved
August 16, 2009.
75.^ PTF (2003). "Pepsi, Coke contain pesticides: CSE". Retrieved June 12, 2006.
76.^ Coca-Cola website (2006). "The Coca-Cola Company addresses allegations made about our
business in India". Retrieved June 12, 2006.
77.^ Coca-Cola and Water - An Unsustainable Relationship
78.^ Umpierre, Sheree; Hill, Joseph; Anderson, Deborah (21 November 1985). "Correspondence:
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79.^ Hong, C.Y.; Shieh, C.C.; Wu, P.; Chiang, B.N. (September 1987). "The spermicidal potency of
Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola.". Human Toxicology (Macmillan Publishers, Scientific and Medical
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80.^ Mikkelson, Barbara (16 March 2007). "Killer Sperm: Coca-Cola Spermicide".
http://www.snopes.com/cokelore/sperm.asp. Retrieved 2008-10-03.
81.^ "Word Spy — Coca-Colanization". http://www.wordspy.com/words/Coca-Colanization.asp.
Retrieved 2007-01-03.
82.^ "Boycott Israel Campaign page on Coca-Cola". http://www.inminds.co.uk/boycott-coca-
cola.html. Retrieved 2007-08-03.
83.^ National Aeronautics and Space Administration accessdate 2009-06-13
84.^ "Coca-Cola Orange set to brighten up the summer".
http://www.cokecce.co.uk/cce/news_art.jsp?aid=448. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
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http://www.guardian.co.uk/g2/story/0,,2037084,00.html. Retrieved 2007-07-18. . The ingredients
 label will still read "high fructose corn syrup or sucrose" Passover Coke is identifiable because it
is bottled with a yellow cap.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Coca-Cola

• CocaCola.com Coca-Cola website

• Coke.mobi Coca-Cola mobile website
• theContourBottle.com A tribute to Earl R. Dean - Facts about the creation of Coca-Cola's
Contour bottle
• The Contour Bottle - MySpace
• Chapman J. Root Biography
• Urban Legends Reference Pages: Cokelore
• Ronen Liwski's Coca-Cola cans collection
• Kinescope of a live 1954 TV commercial for Coca-Cola (Internet Archive)
• Coca-Cola Advertising History
[show]
v•d•e
Varieties of Coca-Cola

R
e
g Coca-Cola · New Coke · Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola · Coca-Cola Cherry · Coca-Cola with
u Lime · Coca-Cola Vanilla · Coca-Cola Citra · Coca-Cola Black Cherry Vanilla · Coca-Cola
l Blāk · Coca-Cola with Lemon · Coca-Cola Raspberry
a
r

D
i Diet Coke/Coke Light · Coca-Cola C2 · Coca-Cola Zero · Coca-Cola Cherry Zero · Coca-
e Cola Light Sango · Diet Coke Plus · Coca-Cola Orange
t

[show]
v•d•e
Coca-Cola brands

S Ambasa • Ameyal • Barq's • Beat • Cheers • Chinotto • Chivalry • Citra • Coca-Cola •

o Fanta • Fioravanti • Fresca • Fruktime • Frutonic • Hit • Inca Kola • Jaz Cola • Joya •
d Kinley • Kola Inglesa • Krest • Kvas • Kuat • Leed • Lemon & Paeroa • Lift • Lilt • Limca •
a Mare Rosso • Mello Yello • Mezzo Mix • Mr. Pibb • Nalu • Nordic Mist • Northern Neck •
s OK Soda • Poms • Portello • Quatro • Quwat Jabal • Real Gold • Red Flash • Santiba •
 Sarsi • Seagram's • Senzao • Smart • Sparkle • Sparletta • Sprite • Stoney • Surge • Tab •
Tanora • Thums Up • Tiky • Urge • Vault • VegitaBeta • Victoria • Yoli

J
u
i
c
e
Andifrut • Ayataka • Cappy • Capri Sun • Cepita • Delaware Punch • Earth & Sky • Eight
s
O'Clock • Enviga • Far Coast • Five Alive • Fruitopia • Frutonic • Fuze • Glaceau • Gold
Peak • Hajime • Hi-C • Huang • Maaza • Minute Maid • Nestea • Oasis • Odwalla • Qoo •
&
Royal Tru • Simply • Ten Ren • Vitamin Water
t
e
a
s

E
n
e
r
g
y

&

s
p Aquarius • BPM Energy • Burn • Full Throttle • KMX • Monster Energy • Mother • NOS •
o Powerade • Powerplay • Rehab • Relentless • Rockstar • Von Dutch • Gladiator
r
t
s

d
r
i
n
k
s

B AdeS • Arwa • Avra • Bankia • Chaudfontaine • Ciel • Dasani • Deep River Rock • Malvern
o Water • Nature's Own • San Luis • Spring! • Valpre • Viva!
t
t
l
e
d
 w
a
t
e
r

C
o
f
Caribou Coffee • Georgia
f
e
e

M
i
Swerve
l
k

[show]
v•d•e
Brands of cola

Coca-Cola · Pepsi

Afri-Cola · Amrat Cola · Apotekarnes Cola · A-Treat · Baikal · Barr Cola · Beed Cola · Big 8
Cola · Big Cola · Big K Cola · Boylan Cane Cola · Breizh Cola · Bubba Cola · Campa Cola ·
Cassinelli · Cavan Cola · Celeste Cola · Chek Cola · China Cola · Classic Cola (UK) · Olvi
Cola · Club Cola · Cockta · Cola Turka · Cole Cold · Corsica Cola · Count Cola · Cricket Cola ·
Cuba Cola · Diet Coke · Diet Rite · Double Cola · Euro Shopper Cola · Evoca Cola · El Ché-
Cola · Export Cola · Fada Cola · Faygo Cola · Fentiman's Curiosity Cola · Frescolita · fritz-kola ·
Fruti Kola · Fuji-Cola · Future Cola · Inca Kola · Isaac Kola · Jolly Cola · Jolt Cola · Jones ·
Kiri · Kitty Kola · Kofola · Kola Inglesa · Kola Real · Kola Román · Kristal Kola · LA Ice Cola ·
Like Cola · Mecca-Cola · Mr. Cola · OK Cola · OpenCola · Parsi Cola · Perú Cola · Polo-
Cockta · Premium-cola · Qibla Cola · RC Cola · Red Bull Cola · Red Kola · Rola Cola · Sam's
Cola · Schin Cola · Schweppes Cola · Shasta Cola · Sinalco · Tab · Thums Up · Triple Kola ·
tuKola · Ubuntu Cola · Virgin Cola · Vita-Cola · White Rock Cola · XL Cola · Zam Zam Cola ·
Zelal Cola
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola"
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