EAS 301e AEROSPACE DYNAMICS Page 1

SIM UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY









EAS301e Aerospace Dynamics

Lab Assignments 1A



Name Student ID
Yong Heng Meng H1270977










EAS 301e AEROSPACE DYNAMICS Page 2

1.0 Aim of Report
The aim of this report is to use the undergraduate version of FoilSim III program to:

i. Obtain data that show how lift and drag change with speed, density and wing area
respectively. Thereafter, investigate the relationship between lift and speed, with
different density and wing area using a scatter plot provided by MS Excel as an aid.

ii. Show that the results are consistent with the definition of lift and drag coefficient
from the data obtained in part i stated above.

iii. Obtain data to show how the lift coefficient changes with factors affecting the lift
coefficient of an airfoil.


2.0 Scope of Setup
The setup for this laboratory experimental uses the virtual wind tunnel simulated by the
undergraduate version of FoilSim III program which is accessible at:
http://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k12/airplane/foil3u.html
The FoilSIM III analysis will be based on the default lift calculation includes a Stall
Model that decreases the lift for angles of attack greater than 10 degrees. The option is to use
the Ideal Flow analysis that neglects viscous and compressibility effects. The actual
calculations are done with ideal flow and the stall model corrects for flow separation at high
angles of attack. The actual calculation is done for a two-dimensional foil.
However, for the analysis of a 2D airfoil for this lab experiment, the following Aspect Ratio
Correction and Induced Drag will be set to Off position which will exclude the 3D wing tip
effects on lift and the 3D wing tips effects on drag respectively.

3.0 Setup of FoilSim III
FoilSim III can be regarded as a virtual wind tunnel where the investigator can control flight
parameters, shape of the airfoil being tested, and the size of the wing being tested using the
flight, shape and size buttons in the control window.
i. Starting with selecting Metric from the Units dropdown list in the control window.

Figure 1 - Metric from the Units dropdown list in the control window


EAS 301e AEROSPACE DYNAMICS Page 3

ii. Click on Analysis in the control window, and select AR Off and ID Off.






Figure 2 - AR Off and ID Off from the Analysis in the control window
iii. Starting with the default settings for Shape as shown in Figuree below, and using
Earth Average Day conditions for Flight in the control window.

Figure 3 - Default Shape and Earth Average Day conditions for Flight in the control window
iv. Click on Flight in the control window, and enter 100 in the Speed - km/h field
follows by an increment of 20 km/h steps till 400 km/h and obtain the Lift and Drag
results in the control window for each increment speed entered with density fixed at
1.224 kg/m
3
and wing area fixed at 9.290304 m
2
. The obtained data is presented in
later section - Presentation of Findings.

Figure 4 - Enter value for Speed - km/h field and obtain the Lift and Drag results
v. Reset FoilSim and set the settings stated in steps i to iii. Click on Flight in the control
window, and fixed the Speed - km/h field as 200. Enter the Altitude-m field with the
value of 0 follows by an increment of 1000m steps till 15000m and obtain the Lift and
Drag results in the control window for each increment speed entered with speed fixed

EAS 301e AEROSPACE DYNAMICS Page 4

at 200 km/h and wing size area fixed at 9.290304 m
2
. The obtained data is presented
in later section - Presentation of Findings.

Figure 5 - Enter value for Altitude-m field with fixed speed, wing size area and obtain the Lift and Drag results
vi. Reset FoilSim and set the settings stated in steps i to iii. Click on Flight in the control
window, and fixed the Speed - km/h field as 200 and the Altitude-m as 0 . Using the
default value of Wing Size Area - m
2
field as 9.290304 follows by an increment of
10 m
2
steps till 160 m
2
and obtain the Lift and Drag results in the control window for
each increment wing size area entered with speed fixed at 200 km/h and altitude fixed
at 0 m (density fixed at 1.224 kg/m
3
). The obtained data is presented in later section -
Presentation of Findings.

Figure 6 - Enter value for Wing Size Area - m
2
field with fixed speed, altitude to obtain the Lift and Drag
vii. Reset FoilSim and set the settings stated in steps i to iii. Click on Shape in the control
window, and fixed the Speed - km/h field as 200 and the Altitude-m as 0 . Set value
Angle-deg field as 0 degree follows by an increment of 1 degree step till 20 degree
and obtain the Lift Coefficient result in the control window for each increment wing
size area entered with speed fixed at 200 km/h and altitude fixed at 0 m (density fixed
at 1.224 kg/m
3
). The obtained data is presented in later section - Presentation of
Findings.

EAS 301e AEROSPACE DYNAMICS Page 5


Figure 7 - Enter value for Angle-deg field with fixed speed, altitude to obtain the Lift Coefficient

viii. Reset FoilSim and set the settings stated in steps i to iii. Click on Shape in the control
window, and fixed the Speed - km/h field as 200 and the Altitude-m as 0 . Set value
Thick-%crd field as 1 % follows by an increment of 1 % step till 20 % and obtain
the Lift Coefficient result in the control window for each increment wing size area
entered with speed fixed at 200 km/h and altitude fixed at 0 m (density fixed at 1.224
kg/m
3
). The obtained data is presented in later section - Presentation of Findings.

Figure 8 - Enter value for Thick-%crd field with fixed speed, altitude to obtain the Lift Coefficient

ix. Reset FoilSim and set the settings stated in steps i to iii. Click on Shape in the control
window, and fixed the Speed - km/h field as 200 and the Altitude-m as 0 . Set value
Camber-%crd field as 0 % follows by an increment of 1 % step till 19 % and obtain
the Lift Coefficient result in the control window for each increment wing size area
entered with speed fixed at 200 km/h and altitude fixed at 0 m (density fixed at 1.224
kg/m
3
). The obtained data is presented in later section - Presentation of Findings.


Figure 9 - Enter value for Camber-%crd field with fixed speed, altitude to obtain the Lift Coefficient

EAS 301e AEROSPACE DYNAMICS Page 6

x. Reset FoilSim and set the settings stated in steps i to iii. Click on Shape in the control
window, and varies the Angle-degree field from 0 degree to 20 degree with 1 degree
step each and obtain the Lift Coefficient result in the control window for each basic
shapes: Symmetric, High Camber and Flat Plate. The obtained data is presented in
later section - Presentation of Findings.


Figure 10 - Enter value for Angle-deg field for Symmetric/High Camber/Flat Plate to obtain the Lift Coefficient




















EAS 301e AEROSPACE DYNAMICS Page 7

4.0 Presentation of findings
i. Verify the theoretical basis on the lift and drag change with speed used by FoilSim

The first exercise is to examine the simulated Lift and Drag relationship with Speed in
FoilSim III. Below assumptions are made for computation purposes:

Chord: 1.524 m Wing Size Area: 9.290304 m
2
Density: 1.224 kg/m
3

Span: 6.096 m Angle of Attack: 5.0 Airfoil Shape: Symmetric

A value of 100 km/h was entered in the Speed - km/h field follows by an increment of 20
km/h steps till 400 km/h to obtain the Lift and Drag results in the control window of the
FioSim III program. A default symmetrical airfoil is used to simulate across speed ranging
from 100 to 400 km/h. The simulated results for lift and drag were tabulated in the following
table and plot unto the scatter graph:

Table 1 - Lift and drag vs. speed




Altitude: 0m (Earth - Average Day)
FoilSim
Results Calculated Results
Speed
(km/h)
V
(m/s)
Lift
(N)
Drag
(N)
Lift
Coeff.
C
l

Drag
Coeff.
C
d


100 27.778 2685 91 0.611 0.020 2680.51 87.74
120 33.333 3866 128 0.611 0.020 3859.94 126.35
140 38.889 5262 172 0.611 0.020 5253.80 171.97
160 44.444 6874 221 0.611 0.020 6862.11 224.62
180 50.000 8700 277 0.611 0.019 8684.85 270.07
200 55.556 10741 338 0.611 0.019 10722.04 333.42
220 61.111 12996 404 0.611 0.019 12973.67 403.44
240 66.667 15467 477 0.611 0.018 15439.74 454.85
260 72.222 18152 555 0.611 0.018 18120.25 533.82
280 77.778 21052 638 0.611 0.018 21015.20 619.11
300 83.333 24167 727 0.611 0.018 24124.60 710.71
320 88.889 27497 821 0.611 0.018 27448.43 808.63
340 94.444 31042 921 0.611 0.018 30986.70 912.87
360 100.000 34801 1026 0.611 0.018 34739.42 1023.42
380 105.556 38775 1137 0.611 0.017 38706.58 1076.94
400 111.111 42965 1253 0.611 0.017 42888.17 1193.29
S C V L
L
2
2
1
S C V D
D
2
2
1


EAS 301e AEROSPACE DYNAMICS Page 8



Figure 11 - Scatter Plot of lift and drag vs. speed

Analysis:
From the data obtained from FoilSim III, the curves for Lift and Drag are of parabolic type
(quadratic function). This is because the factor of Lift and Drag are the square of speed.
The relationship between the two can be summarized as below:
S C V D
S C V L
D
L
2
2
2
1
2
1

0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
D
r
a
g

(
N
)

L
i
f
t

(
N
)

Speed (km/h)
Lift and Drag vs Speed
Lift (N) Drag (N)
Where S is the Area of the Airfoil,
V is the Altitude and
is the density of air.

EAS 301e AEROSPACE DYNAMICS Page 9

ii. Verify the theoretical basis on the lift and drag change with density used by FoilSim

The first exercise is to examine the simulated Lift and Drag relationship with Density in
FoilSim III. Below assumptions are made for computation purposes:

Chord: 1.524 m Wing Size Area: 9.290304 m
2
Speed: 200 km/h
Span: 6.096 m Angle of Attack: 5.0 Airfoil Shape: Symmetric

Fixed the Speed - km/h field as 200 km/h. With the Altitude-m set with the value of 0m
follows by an increment of 1000m steps till 15000m to obtain the Lift and Drag results in the
control window of the FioSim III program. A default symmetrical airfoil is used to simulate
across altitude ranging from 0 to 15000 m. The simulated results for lift and drag were
tabulated in the following table and plot unto the scatter graph:
Altitude: 0m, Speed: 200 km/h, Varies density FoilSim Results Calculated Results
Speed
(km/h)
Lift
(N)
Drag
(N)
Altitude
(m)
density,

(kg/m
3
)
Lift
Coeff.
C
l

Drag
Coeff.
C
d


200 10741 338 0 1.224 0.611 0.019 10722.04 333.42
200 9748 309 1000 1.110 0.611 0.019 9723.42 302.36
200 8828 282 2000 1.006 0.611 0.019 8812.40 274.04
200 7975 257 3000 0.908 0.611 0.019 7953.93 247.34
200 7187 234 4000 0.819 0.611 0.019 7174.31 223.10
200 6460 212 5000 0.736 0.611 0.020 6447.24 211.04
200 5790 192 6000 0.659 0.611 0.020 5772.73 188.96
200 5175 173 7000 0.589 0.611 0.020 5159.55 168.89
200 4611 156 8000 0.525 0.611 0.020 4598.92 150.54
200 4096 140 9000 0.466 0.611 0.020 4082.09 133.62
200 3625 125 10000 0.413 0.611 0.021 3617.81 124.34
200 3198 112 11000 0.364 0.611 0.021 3188.58 109.59
200 2716 96 12000 0.309 0.611 0.021 2706.79 93.03
200 2319 84 13000 0.264 0.611 0.022 2312.60 83.27
200 1981 73 14000 0.225 0.611 0.022 1970.96 70.97
200 1692 63 15000 0.192 0.611 0.023 1681.89 63.31

Table 2 - Lift and drag vs. density
S C V L
L
2
2
1
S C V D
D
2
2
1


EAS 301e AEROSPACE DYNAMICS Page 10


Figure 12 - Scatter Plot of lift and drag vs. density
Analysis:
From the data obtained from FoilSim III, the graphs above shows the lines are
relatively straight. This concludes that both lift and drag varies linearly with changes
in density. Increase in fluid density will increase the drag force and lift force of an
airfoil. This is because the Lift and Drag are directly proportional to the density. The
relationship between the two can be summarized as below:
S C V D
S C V L
D
L
2
2
2
1
2
1

50
250
450
650
850
300
1300
2300
3300
4300
5300
6300
7300
8300
9300
10300
11300
0.000 2.000 4.000 6.000 8.000 10.000 12.000 14.000 16.000 18.000
D
r
a
g

(
N
)

L
i
f
t

(
N
)

Density, (kg/m3)
Lift and Drag vs Density
Lift (N) Drag (N)
Where S is the Area of the Airfoil,
V is the Altitude and
is the density of air.

EAS 301e AEROSPACE DYNAMICS Page 11

iii. Verify the theoretical basis on the lift and drag change with wing area used by
FoilSim

The first exercise is to examine the simulated Lift and Drag relationship with Wing Area in
FoilSim III. Below assumptions are made for computation purposes:

Chord: 1.524 m Wing Size Area: 9.290304 m
2
Speed: 200 km/h
Span: 6.096 m Angle of Attack: 5.0 Altitude: 0m

Fixed the Speed - km/h field as 200km/h and the Altitude-m as 0m . Using the default value
of Wing Size Area - m
2
field as 9.290304 follows by an increment of 10 m
2
steps till 160
m
2
and obtain the Lift and Drag results in the control window of the FioSim III program. A
default symmetrical airfoil is used to simulate across altitude ranging from 9.290304 to 160
m
2
. The simulated results for lift and drag were tabulated in the following table and plot unto
the scatter graph:
Altitude: 0m, Speed: 200 km/h,
Varies Wing Area FoilSim Results Calculated Results
Speed
(km/h)
Lift
(N)
Drag
(N)
Area, S
(m
2
)
Lift Coeff.
C
l

Drag
Coeff.
C
d


200 10741 338 9.290304 0.611 0.019 10722.04 333.42
200 23123 704 20 0.611 0.018 23082.22 680.00
200 34685 1033 30 0.611 0.018 34623.33 1020.00
200 46247 1355 40 0.611 0.017 46164.44 1284.44
200 57808 1674 50 0.611 0.017 57705.56 1605.56
200 69370 1989 60 0.611 0.017 69246.67 1926.67
200 80932 2300 70 0.611 0.017 80787.78 2247.78
200 92494 2610 80 0.611 0.017 92328.89 2568.89
200 104056 2917 90 0.611 0.017 103870.00 2890.00
200 115617 3223 100 0.611 0.017 115411.11 3211.11
200 127179 3527 110 0.611 0.016 126952.22 3324.44
200 138741 3829 120 0.611 0.016 138493.33 3626.67
200 150303 4130 130 0.611 0.016 150034.44 3928.89
200 161865 4429 140 0.611 0.016 161575.56 4231.11
200 173426 4728 150 0.611 0.016 173116.67 4533.33
200 184988 5025 160 0.611 0.016 184657.78 4835.56

Table 3 - Lift and drag vs. wing area

S C V L
L
2
2
1
S C V D
D
2
2
1


EAS 301e AEROSPACE DYNAMICS Page 12


Figure 13 - Scatter Plot of lift and drag vs. wing area
Analysis:
From the data obtained from FoilSim III, the graphs above shows the lines are
relatively straight. This concludes that both lift and drag varies linearly with changes
in wing area. Increase in wing area will increase the drag force and lift force of an
airfoil. This is because the Lift and Drag are directly proportional to the wing area.
The relationship between the two can be summarized as below:
S C V D
S C V L
D
L
2
2
2
1
2
1

0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
200000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
D
r
a
g

(
N
)

L
i
f
t

)
N
)

Area, S (m^2)
Lift and Drag vs Wing Size Area
Lift
(N)
Drag
(N)
Where S is the Area of the Airfoil,
V is the Altitude and
is the density of air.

EAS 301e AEROSPACE DYNAMICS Page 13

iv. Verify the results are consistent with the definition of lift and drag coefficient used
by FoilSim and theoretical basis

Altitude: 0m (Earth - Average Day) FoilSim Results Calculated Results
Speed
(km/h)
Lift
(N)
Drag
(N)
density,

(kg/m
3
)
Area, S
(m
2
)
Lift
Coeff.
C
l

Drag
Coeff.
C
d



100 2685 91 1.224 9.290304 0.611 0.020 0.612 0.021
120 3866 128 1.224 9.290304 0.611 0.020 0.612 0.020
140 5262 172 1.224 9.290304 0.611 0.020 0.612 0.020
160 6874 221 1.224 9.290304 0.611 0.020 0.612 0.020
180 8700 277 1.224 9.290304 0.611 0.019 0.612 0.019
200 10741 338 1.224 9.290304 0.611 0.019 0.612 0.019
220 12996 404 1.224 9.290304 0.611 0.019 0.612 0.019
240 15467 477 1.224 9.290304 0.611 0.018 0.612 0.019
260 18152 555 1.224 9.290304 0.611 0.018 0.612 0.019
280 21052 638 1.224 9.290304 0.611 0.018 0.612 0.019
300 24167 727 1.224 9.290304 0.611 0.018 0.612 0.018
320 27497 821 1.224 9.290304 0.611 0.018 0.612 0.018
340 31042 921 1.224 9.290304 0.611 0.018 0.612 0.018
360 34801 1026 1.224 9.290304 0.611 0.018 0.612 0.018
380 38775 1137 1.224 9.290304 0.611 0.017 0.612 0.018
400 42965 1253 1.224 9.290304 0.611 0.017 0.612 0.018

Table 4 - FoiSim III's Lift and Drag Coefficients are consistent with theoretical basis
Analysis:
From the data obtained from FoilSim III, the Lift and Drag Coefficients are consistent with
the definition of lift and drag coefficient used in theoretical basis. Where the relationship
between the two can be summarized as below:
S V
D
C
S V
L
C
D
L
2
2
2
1
2
1

Where S is the Area of the Airfoil,
V is the Altitude and
is the density of air.
L is the Lift force.
D is the drag force.

S V
L
C
L
2
2
1

S V
D
C
D
2
2
1

S C V L
L
2
2
1

S C V D
D
2
2
1


EAS 301e AEROSPACE DYNAMICS Page 14

v. Obtain data to show how the lift coefficient changes with factors affecting the lift
coefficient of an airfoil.

a. Lift Coefficient versus angle of attack (AOA): The following data obtained from
FioSim III shows that factor like angle of attack is affecting the lift coefficient of an
airfoil.
Altitude: 0m, Speed: 200 km/h, Area: 9.290304 m^2,
12.5% crd
FoilSim
Results Calculated Results
Speed
(km/h)
Lift
(N)
Drag
(N)
AOA
(degree)
density,

(kg/m
3
)
Area,
S (m
2
)
Lift
Coeff.
C
l

Drag
Coeff.
C
d


200 0 287 0 1.224 9.2903 0.000 0.016 0.000 0.016
200 2150 303 1 1.224 9.2903 0.122 0.017 0.123 0.017
200 4301 315 2 1.224 9.2903 0.244 0.017 0.245 0.018
200 6449 324 3 1.224 9.2903 0.367 0.018 0.367 0.018
200 8596 331 4 1.224 9.2903 0.489 0.018 0.490 0.019
200 10741 338 5 1.224 9.2903 0.611 0.019 0.612 0.019
200 12882 348 6 1.224 9.2903 0.733 0.019 0.734 0.020
200 15019 367 7 1.224 9.2903 0.855 0.020 0.856 0.021
200 17151 398 8 1.224 9.2903 0.976 0.022 0.977 0.023
200 19275 448 9 1.224 9.2903 1.098 0.025 1.098 0.026
200 21400 520 10 1.224 9.2903 1.218 0.029 1.219 0.030
200 23398 620 11 1.224 9.2903 1.332 0.035 1.333 0.035
200 25111 752 12 1.224 9.2903 1.430 0.042 1.431 0.043
200 26475 918 13 1.224 9.2903 1.508 0.052 1.509 0.052
200 27429 1118 14 1.224 9.2903 1.562 0.063 1.563 0.064
200 27910 1350 15 1.224 9.2903 1.589 0.076 1.590 0.077
200 27855 1609 16 1.224 9.2903 1.586 0.091 1.587 0.092
200 27204 1886 17 1.224 9.2903 1.549 0.107 1.550 0.107
200 25897 2166 18 1.224 9.2903 1.475 0.123 1.476 0.123
200 23873 2430 19 1.224 9.2903 1.359 0.138 1.360 0.138
200 21075 2652 20 1.224 9.2903 1.200 0.151 1.201 0.151

Table 5 - Lift Coefficient vs. angle of attack

S V
L
C
L
2
2
1

S V
D
C
D
2
2
1

EAS 301e AEROSPACE DYNAMICS Page 15


Figure 14 - Scatter Plot of lift coefficient vs. angle of attack (AOA)

Analysis:

The plot above shows how the lift coefficient varies with angle of attack for a symmetric
airfoil. At low angles, the lift coefficient is nearly linear. Notice on this plot that at zero
angle of attack, the lift is zero as the airfoil is symmetric in shape used in this analysis.
The lift coefficient can be determined mathematically. For example: for thin airfoils at
subsonic speed, and small angle of attack, the lift coefficient C
L
is given by: 2
L
C
where pi is 3.1415, and is the angle of attack expressed in radians: pi radians = 180
degrees.





















0.000
0.200
0.400
0.600
0.800
1.000
1.200
1.400
1.600
1.800
0 5 10 15 20 25
L
i
f
t

C
o
e
f
f
.

C
L


AOA (degree)
Lift Coeff.
C
L
vs AOA

Lift Coeff.
Cl

EAS 301e AEROSPACE DYNAMICS Page 16

b. Lift Coefficient versus airfoil thickness: The following data obtained from FioSim
III shows that factor like airfoil thickness is affecting the lift coefficient of an airfoil.

Altitude: 0m, Speed: 200 km/h
FoilSim
Results
Calculated
Results
Speed
(km/h)
Lift
(N)
Drag
(N)
Thick
(%
crd)
Lift
Coeff.
C
l

Drag
Coeff.
C
d


200 9709 377 1 0.553 0.021 0.553 0.021
200 9804 377 2 0.558 0.021 0.559 0.021
200 9898 377 3 0.563 0.021 0.564 0.021
200 9991 377 4 0.569 0.021 0.569 0.021
200 10082 377 5 0.574 0.021 0.575 0.021
200 10173 352 6 0.579 0.020 0.580 0.020
200 10263 327 7 0.584 0.018 0.585 0.019
200 10352 302 8 0.589 0.017 0.590 0.017
200 10440 277 9 0.594 0.015 0.595 0.016
200 10527 252 10 0.599 0.014 0.600 0.014
200 10613 286 11 0.604 0.016 0.605 0.016
200 10699 321 12 0.609 0.018 0.610 0.018
200 10783 355 13 0.614 0.020 0.614 0.020
200 10866 389 14 0.618 0.022 0.619 0.022
200 10948 423 15 0.623 0.024 0.624 0.024
200 11030 426 16 0.628 0.024 0.629 0.024
200 11110 429 17 0.623 0.024 0.633 0.024
200 11190 433 18 0.637 0.024 0.638 0.025
200 11269 436 19 0.641 0.024 0.642 0.025
200 11346 439 20 0.646 0.025 0.647 0.025

Table 6 - Lift Coefficient vs. airfoil thickness
Analysis:

The table above shows how the lift coefficient varies with airfoil thickness for a
symmetric airfoil. The table shows a linear relationship between airfoil thickness and lift
coefficient.

Influence of airfoil thickness on lift coefficient
C
Lmax
increases with increasing airfoil thickness, up to airfoil thickness in the
order of approximate 13-16% and at airfoil thickness > 16% begins to C
Lmax

decrease.
Influence of airfoil thickness on drag coefficient
C
Dmin
increases with increasing airfoil thickness.

S V
L
C
L
2
2
1

S V
D
C
D
2
2
1

EAS 301e AEROSPACE DYNAMICS Page 17

c. Lift Coefficient versus camber: The following data obtained from FioSim III shows
that factor like camber is affecting the lift coefficient of an airfoil.
























Table 6 - Lift Coefficient vs. camber
Analysis:

The table above shows how the lift coefficient varies with camber for a symmetric airfoil.
The table shows a linear relationship between airfoil thickness and lift coefficient. An
increasing camber increases zero lift angle of attack. Camber can also be used to get a low
drag coefficient at the designed lift coefficient.





Altitude: 0m, Speed: 200 km/h,
Area: 9.290304 m^2, 5 deg AOA
FoilSim
Results
Calculated
Results
Speed
(km/h)
Lift
(N)
Drag
(N)
Camber
(% c)
Lift
Coeff.
C
l

Drag
Coeff.
C
d


200 10740 377 0 0.611 0.019 0.612 0.021
200 12908 381 1 0.735 0.021 0.736 0.022
200 15076 424 2 0.858 0.024 0.859 0.024
200 17245 467 3 0.982 0.026 0.983 0.027
200 19413 510 4 1.105 0.029 1.106 0.029
200 21582 553 5 1.229 0.031 1.230 0.032
200 23750 618 6 1.352 0.035 1.353 0.035
200 25919 682 7 1.476 0.038 1.477 0.039
200 28088 747 8 1.599 0.042 1.601 0.043
200 30256 811 9 1.723 0.046 1.724 0.046
200 32424 876 10 1.846 0.049 1.848 0.050
200 34593 1027 11 1.970 0.058 1.971 0.059
200 36760 1178 12 2.093 0.067 2.095 0.067
200 38928 1329 13 2.217 0.075 2.218 0.076
200 41095 1481 14 2.340 0.084 2.342 0.084
200 43262 1632 15 2.464 0.092 2.465 0.093
200 45428 1722 16 2.587 0.098 2.589 0.098
200 47594 1812 17 2.710 0.103 2.712 0.103
200 49759 1902 18 2.834 0.108 2.836 0.108
200 51923 1992 19 2.957 0.113 2.959 0.114
S V
L
C
L
2
2
1

S V
D
C
D
2
2
1

EAS 301e AEROSPACE DYNAMICS Page 18

d. In summary: Lift Coefficient is affected by Angle of Attack (AOA), airfoil thickness
and camber. This can be shown in data obtained in FioSim III program by comparing the
basic airfoil shape of Symmetric, High Camber and Flat Plate.
Using the following parameters from the FioSim III basic shape:

Symmetric Airfoil Camber: 0 %c Thick-%crd: 12.495
High Camber Airfoil Camber: 15 %c Thick-%crd: 12.5
Flat Plate Camber: 0 %c Thick-%crd: 1.0

The obtained Lift Coefficient from FioSim III is shown below:




















Table 7 - Varies airfoil geometry vs. angle of attack (AOA)





AOA
(degree)
Symmetrical
Airfoil Lift
Coeff.
C
l

High Camber
Airfoil Lift
Coeff.
C
l

Flat Plate
Airfoil
Lift Coeff.
C
l

0 0.000 1.857 0.000
1 0.122 1.980 0.109
2 0.244 2.102 0.219
3 0.367 2.223 0.328
4 0.489 2.344 0.438
5 0.611 2.464 0.547
6 0.733 2.583 0.656
7 0.855 2.701 0.765
8 0.976 2.819 0.874
9 1.098 2.936 0.982
10 1.218 3.052 1.091
11 1.332 3.151 1.192
12 1.430 3.215 1.280
13 1.508 3.241 1.349
14 1.562 3.225 1.398
15 1.589 3.164 1.422
16 1.586 3.055 1.420
17 1.549 2.895 1.386
18 1.475 2.681 1.320
19 1.359 2.409 1.217
20 1.200 2.077 1.074

EAS 301e AEROSPACE DYNAMICS Page 19



Figure 15 - Scatter Plot of lift coefficient vs. angle of attack (AOA) for varies airfoil geometry

Analysis:

Lift Coefficient increases with an increase in Angle of Attack (AOA), airfoil thickness and
camber. The maximum lift coefficient of moderately cambered airfoil sections increase
with increasing camber. However, camber can affect the stall behavior, for airfoil sections
that have the maximum camber far forward the stall is very abrupt. The detail
investigation of stall will be discussed in the next lab assignment later.








0.000
0.500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
0 5 10 15 20 25
L
i
f
t

C
o
e
f
f
.

C
L


AOA (degree)
Varies Airfoil Geometry affecting Lift Coeff. C
L

vs AOA
Symmetrical Airfoil Lift Coeff.
Cl
High Camber Airfoil Lift
Coeff.
Cl
Flat Plate Airfoil Lift Coeff.
Cl