Assignment

Essay Writing
Topic
Saddest day of my life
Class
M.A (ELT 1)
Student name
Imran Maqsood





Men and women enjoy equal rights in the society but nature has assigned
different roles, duties and social responsibilities to men and women. His duties
include to take care of the financial and external matters of the household and
her sacred duties include to look after the internal affairs of the household and to
nurture the children and to educate them. So, man is the breadwinner for the
family and the women is the homemaker. Islam also advocate this theory
aforementioned. However, it does not prevent women from serving in various
social institutions as for as it is within the limits of Islamic rules.

In this modern era where luxuries become necessities of life, there is an extra
financial burden especially on the married men and women. So, to cope with the
situation they both have to work. Currently women are more educated and there
contribution in the workforce is increasing day and night. They proved to be
very successful by working as teachers, nurses, doctors, writers, and gained
other prestigious positions in the society. With more women currently in the
workforce than ever before, the question arises that should a married women
with preschool children go to work? My stance is that married women having
preschool children should not work.

Most studies and researches in this regard focus on the trade-off between the
potential positive effects of increased income earned by the mother and the
negative effects of the decrease in time available for childcare. As mother is the
primary care giver of the children and at least in the first year they totally depend
on mothers feed. So, maternal employment may have negative effects on
children and might limit her ability to provide adequate care.

The earliest years of life are pivotal in forming the foundations for healthy
development and providing children with the opportunity to reach their full
potential. It appears that working full-time when the child is an infant a critical
period in terms of attachment and emotional and cognitive growth is more
likely to be associated with subsequent severe difficulties. Another key
consequence is that when a child is disadvantaged in the early years of life, later
investments (e.g., in primary education) may have a diminished effect.

Penelope Leach is a British psychologist who writes extensively on parenting
issues from a child development perspective. She says, "What I am more
concerned about is the first year. We know from attachment theory that if
children don't have an opportunity to attach with someone and trust them, then
it's a disaster."
Working mothers usually arrange a babysitter for the children or placed them in
a childcare, which results in them receiving less one-on-one attention and
instructions. This may contribute towards inadequate physical and cognitive
growth, particularly in the early periods of physical and brain development. A
longitudinal study completed in 2001 found that maternal employment in the
first year of a childs life had a negative effect on cognitive outcomes for the
child.

The child psychologist and Guardian columnist Oliver James, use the evidence
to consolidate a strongly held belief that nursery care is not appropriate. His
position on putting small babies into day care is clear. "My advice would be:
Don't do it." He writes in his book, There is considerable evidence that it
increases the risk of aggression, disobedience and emotional insecurity,
especially if the care is of low quality. This is the norm in the US and the UK."

Sue Gerhardt, the author of Why Love Matters and The Selfish Society, said
"What babies need is to make an attachment to particular people and they need
someone to help them manage their emotions, feelings and how to cope with
stress and manage themselves. All of this is about being with a responsible
person someone who soothes when you need soothing, who plays when you
need it.

Different skills like cognitive, linguistic, psychosocial and behavioural and
physical domains can be more productively developed at certain stages, so the
abilities acquired in one period persist to later stages. Abilities are multiple in
nature and they include perseverance, motivation, self-control, self-esteem, risk
aversion, patience and time preferences. Parents and primary caregivers play a
key role in the development of all these traits and influencing children at an
early age.

Women who go back to work early after having a baby is not only treacherous
for the growth and the health of the child but it is also equally risky for the
health of the mother particularly if she had a C-section. Even if this is not the
case it is really inhuman to put such a burden on the mothers. Working mothers
have lots of things to do at home along with the job as a result they become
exhausted and frustrated, so babies cannot have proper attention and time from
the mothers.

Taken together, the various streams of literature summarised above all concur
that failure to invest in early childhood is costly and difficult to compensate later
in life. So, disadvantaged children more likely to attain lower achievement levels
for their age and more likely to have poorer cognitive abilities throughout their
lives.