LESSON

2
LECTURE
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
SUB-OBJECTIVE
At the end of this Lesson the Trinee !i"" #e #"e to de$onstrte n
%nderstndin& of Centrif%&" P%$'s(
)(* INTRO+UCTION
Although all centrifugal pumps operate on the same principle, they
differ from one another in several ways.
* One way is size
* Another ways is shape
But most important are the difference in design. These design variation
enable centrifugal pumps to meet a wide range of industrial
requirement.
)() PUMP PARTS +EFINITIONS
The basic parts name of a centrifugal pump almost are the same as
shown in ig. !"#$#!.
Fi&( )*-2-)( Bsi, 'rts of ,entrif%&" '%$'(
MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE MODULE 10
LESSON 2 PAGE 1 PUMP AND PUMP MAINTENANCE
2(* T-E IMPELLER
%mpeller shown in ig. !"#$#$, is the part of the pump that applies high
energy force to the fluid. &enter of the impeller is the 'ye of impeller
and partially determines the pump capacity.
2() IMPELLER VANES
That direct the flow of fluid with in the pump %mpeller (hrouds.
%mpeller shrouds enclose the blades.
A impeller &an be open, semi#open or closed impeller and normally
material used for impeller are cast iron, bronze and alloy steels.
Fi&( )*-2-2( A i$'e""er desi&n nd Fi&( .A. is o'en i$'e""er
B. is se$i o'en i$'e""er.
C. is ,"osed i$'e""er(
MODULE 10 MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE
PUMP AND PUMP MAINTENANCE LESSON 2 PAGE 2
/(* T-E CASING
The casing is the enclosure surrounding the pump impeller, shaft and
pac)ing gland. %t direct the flow of liquid into and out of the pump.
&asing may a diagonal volute type, horizontal split as shown in ig. !"#
$#* +ertical split.
Fi&( )*-2-/( A +i&on" s'"it 0o"%te ,sin&(
/() MATERIAL FOR CASING
&ast iron is the preferred material for pump casing. or high
temperature and pressure steel and alloy steel are used for low
temperature saline material bronze is the best.
/(2 +IFFUSERS
,sually are not used in the construction of centrifugal pumps. -owever
they may be used sometimes to direct the flow.
MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE MODULE 10
LESSON 2 PAGE 3 PUMP AND PUMP MAINTENANCE
1(* PUMP S-AFT ASSEMBL2
The shaft is machined accurately to provide a precision fit for all parts.
A shaft assembly may contain, impeller )ey, impeller washer and bolt or
nut and coupling side )ey as shown in ig. !"#$#.. The shaft must be
made strong enough and anti corrosive.
Fi&( )*-2-1( A shft sse$#"3(
Fi&( )*-2-4( P%$' Berin& Csin&(
MODULE 10 MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE
PUMP AND PUMP MAINTENANCE LESSON 2 PAGE 4
1() BEARING CASING
ig. !"#$#/. shows the bearing casing of the pump hold the bearings
and contain lubricant for bearings.
4(* 5EARING RINGS
0earing rings provide an easily and economically renewable lea)age
1oint between the impeller and casing it can be installed on either the
impeller or casing or on both.
There are various types of wearing#ring designs shown in ig. !"#$#2.
Fi&( )*-2-6( +ifferent t3'es of !erin& rin&s(
MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE MODULE 10
LESSON 2 PAGE 5 PUMP AND PUMP MAINTENANCE
6(* A PAC7ING GLAN+
A pac)ing gland seals the fluid flow in the pump and pac)ing gland may
a replaceable and ad1ustable or the mechanical seal type.
The pac)ing gland or mechanical seal )ept in stuffing bo3 which
normally created in casing cover for ad1ustable gland seal stuffing bo3
assembly shown in ig. !"#$#4 which contain.
!. A pac)ing which may be asbestos, teflon or braided.
$. A lantern ring which provides a space between rings for
supplying the lubricant and for providing seal.
*. A gland which hold and compress the pac)ing gland.
.. A throw#over or deflector which deflect the heavy gland
lea)s entering the bearing housing.
Fi&( )*-2-8( St%ffin& #o9 sse$#"3(
MODULE 10 MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE
PUMP AND PUMP MAINTENANCE LESSON 2 PAGE 6
ig. !"#$#5 shown a mechanical seal. 6echanical seal have many
advantages it is suitable for hot and chemical application for zero
lea)age, it have low maintenance requirements.
Fi&( )*-2-:( A Me,hni," se" !ith #si, 'rts(
MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE MODULE 10
LESSON 2 PAGE 7 PUMP AND PUMP MAINTENANCE
8(* PUMP BEARING
Bearing of the pump provide supports for the shaft and confines or
restrains the radial and a3ial movements of the shaft and same time
reduce the friction.
The bearings used on most small pumps are single row deep groove
ball bearing, and for large pumps they can be double row ball bearing,
roller bearing or 1ournal bearings ig. !"#$#7 shown some bearing used
for pumps.
Fi&( )*-2-;( So$e ,o$$on #erin&s %sed in '%$'s(
MODULE 10 MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE
PUMP AND PUMP MAINTENANCE LESSON 2 PAGE 8
:(* S-AFT COUPLING
The purpose of shaft coupling is to transmit torque or rotary motion and
same time compensate for angular and parallel misalignment ig. !"#$#
!" shows some coupling which mostly used in pumps. Basically there
are two types of couplings8
* 9igid coupling :flange coupling;
* le3ible coupling
Fi&( )*-2-)*( Co%'"in&s(
;(* OIL SEAL OR PAC7ING
A oil seal prevents lubricant lea)ing from out of bearing casing.
The oil seal consists generally of a rubber pieces, a steel plate and a
spring. <ormally oil seals fi3ed into the bearing casings cover. ig.
shown a oil seal in action.
MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE MODULE 10
LESSON 2 PAGE 9 PUMP AND PUMP MAINTENANCE
Fi&( )*-2-))( A oi" se"(
)*(* CLASSIFICATION OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
%n the beginning of that lesson, it is mention that all centrifugal pumps
operate on the same way but they differ from one, another such li)e in
size, shape and design ig. !"#$#!$ shows the centrifugal pumps
classification in detail.
MODULE 10 MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE
PUMP AND PUMP MAINTENANCE LESSON 2 PAGE 10
Fi&( )*-2-)2( C"ssifi,tion of Centrif%&" '%$'s(
)*() RA+IAL FLO5 PUMP
9adial flow pump as shown in ig. !"#$#!*. %n these pumps, flow at
7" to the center line of the shaft.
)*(2 A<IAL FLO5 PUMP
%n a3ial flow pumps flow parallel to the a3is :the center line of the shaft
as shown in ig. !"#$#!* normally these pumps operate with high
volume low head capabilities.
)*(/ MI<E+ FLO5 PUMP
MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE MODULE 10
LESSON 2 PAGE 11 PUMP AND PUMP MAINTENANCE
A pump that uses both a3ial flow and radial flow components in one
impeller as shown in ig. !"#$#!* it is also operate with high volume
and comparatively higher head capacities than a3ial flow. A3ial flow
and
mi3ed flow pump are used in wet pit application.
Fi&( )*-2-)/( Rdi"= A9i" nd Mi9ed F"o!(
))(* SINGLE STAGE
(ingle stage pump have on impeller its discharge pressure is less than
multistage pump.
)2(* MULTI-STAGE
6ulti#stage pump have more than impeller is shown in ig. !"#$#!..
The purpose of multi#stage is to produce higher discharge pressure
than is normally possible with a single impeller.
MODULE 10 MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE
PUMP AND PUMP MAINTENANCE LESSON 2 PAGE 12
)/(* SINGLE SUCTION= AN+ +OUBLE SUCTION
(ingle suction or double suction refers to the number of suction eyes of
the impeller as shown in ig. !"#$#!/. %n a single suction impeller, fluid
enters through one side only. The disadvantage of single suction is
unbalance thrust in one direction double suction impellers are designed
to eliminate this imbalance double#suction impellers have a suction on
each side.
Fi&( )*-2-)4( Sin&"e s%,tion nd do%#"e s%,tion i$'e""ers nd ,sin&s(
)1(* MET-O+S OF T-RUST BALANCING
The centrifugal pump is inherently an unbalanced machine. These
pumps are sub1ect to end thrust which means that some method must
be devised to counteract this load. +arious methods of balancing have
been tried as shown in ig. !"#$#!2.
MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE MODULE 10
LESSON 2 PAGE 13 PUMP AND PUMP MAINTENANCE
<atural balancing as by opposing impellers
6echanical balancing as by a balancing dis) or drum and in single
stage small pumps by thrust bearings.
Fi&( )*-2-)6( Methods of Thr%st B"n,in&(

MODULE 10 MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE
PUMP AND PUMP MAINTENANCE LESSON 2 PAGE 14