Voltage Drop Calculations

6/26/2014
Voltage Drop Calculations
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You are here: Home / Technical Tables / Useful Info / Voltage Drop Calculations

The voltage drop of any insulated cable is dependent upon the route length under consideration (in meters), the required current rating (in amperes)
and the relevant total impedance per unit length of the cable. The maximum impedance and voltage drop applicable to each cable at maximum
conductor temperature and under a.c. conditions is given in the tables. For cables operating under dc conditions, the appropriate voltage drops may
be calculated using the formula.
VFD Cable
Nexans Cables
2 x route length x current x resistance x 10.
Robotics and Crane Cables

Mining Cable
Fibre Optic Cable
Cable Glands
Technical Tables / Useful Info
Table 4D1A
Table 4D2A
Table 4D2B
Table 4E1A
Table 4E1B
Table 4E2A
Table 4E2B
Table 4E3A
Table 4E3B
Table 4E4A
Table 4E4B
Table 4F1A
Table 4F1B
Table 4F2A
Table 4F2B
Table 4F3A
Table 4F3B
AWG/Metric Conversion
Stranding Chart
BS 5308 Colour Codes
Harmonised Cable Core Colours
Cable Certifications
Cable Colours
DIN 47100 European Colour
Codes
The values detailed in the tables are given in m/V/Am, (volts/100 per ampere per metre), and the nominal
maximum acceptable volt drop specified by the IEE Regulations is 2.5% of the system voltage, i.e. 0.025 x 415
= 10.5 volts for 3 phase working or 0.025 x 240 = 6.0 volts for single phase working.
Consider a 3 phase system
The requirement may be for a load of 1000A to be transmitted over a route length of 150m, the cable to be
clipped to the wall and close protection provided. The rating tables in the IEE Regulations indicate that a
35mm copper conductor PVC SWA PVC cable would be suitable for the loading required, but the voltage drop
must be checked.
Volt drop = Y x current x length
= 1.1 x 100 x 150 millivolts
= 1.1 x 100 x 150 volts/1000
= 16.5 volts
where Y = value from tables in mV/A/m Unless a particular value of voltage drop, acceptable to the user, is
specified, the IEE Regulations figure of 10.5 volts must be adhered to.
Thus: total volt drop = 10.5 volts
10.5 = Y x 100 x 150
Therefore Y = 10.5/100 x 150
= 0.7/1000 volts/ampere/meters
Reference to the voltage drop tables indicates that the cable size with a voltage drop of 0.7/1000 V/A/m
(0.7mV/A/m) OR LESS is a 70mm copper conductor.
Therefore, in order to transmit a 3 phase current of 100A per phase over a route length of 150m, with a total
voltage drop equal to or less than the statutory maximum 10.5 volts, the use would require a
70mm (cu.) multicore PVC.
Conversely
The user may have 150m of 35mm (Cu.) multicore PVC cable and require to know what maximum current
rating can be applied without exceeding the allowable voltage drop. The method is exactly the same as above,
viz:total drop = 16.6
= YxAxM
= 1.1 x A x 150/1000
from the tables Y = 1.1mV/A/m
=1.1/1000V/A/m
therefore A = 10.5 x 1000/1.1.x 150
=64 amperes
From the foregoing, it is apparent that knowing any two values of Y, A or m, the remaining, unknown value can
readily be calculated.
The advice is always available to check, clarify or suggest the most suitable size and type of cable for any particular, specified requirements.
Voltage Drop for Single Core LV Cables (mV / amp / metre)

Copper Conductor
>Flat Arrangement
Trefoil arrangement
Aluminium conductor
Flat arrangement
Trefoil arrangement
7.83
7.770
16
3.343
3.283
5.287
5.226
25
2.161
2.100
10
3.184
3.124
35
1.602
1.542
16
2.086
2.008
50
1.222
1.162
25
1.357
1.297
70
0.890
0.830
35
1.034
0.971
95
0.686
0.623
50
0.793
0.732
120
0.569
0.509
70
0.595
0.534
150
0.490
0.430
95
0.469
0.408
185
0.420
0.360
120
0.410
0.349
240
0.353
0.293
150
0.354
0.294
300
0.312
0.252
185
0.312
0.252
400
0.274
0.214
http://www.csecables.com/technical-tables-useful-info/voltage-drop-calculations/
1/7
6/26/2014

240
0.272
0.211
400
0.245
0.185
300
0.247
0.187
630
0.222
0.162
400
0.224
0.164
500
0.208
0.148
630
0.194
0.134
VOLTAGE DROP PER AMPERE PER METER (mV). Conductor operating temperature: 70C
Conductor Cros s Secti ona l Area
Two Core Ca bl e D.C.
Two Core Cable SIngl e Pha s e A.C.
Three or Four Core Cable Three phase A.C.
mm
mV
mV
mV
1.5
29
29
25
2.5
18
18
15
11
11
9.05
7.3
7.3
6.04
10
4.4
4.4
3.08
16
2.8
2.8
2.04
25
1.75
1.75
0.170
1.75
1.50
0.145
1.50
35
1.25
1.25
0.165
1.25
1.10
0.145
1.10
50
0.93
0.93
0.165
0.94
0.80
0.140
0.81
70
0.63
0.63
0.160
0.65
0.55
0.140
0.57
95
0.46
0.47
0.155
0.50
0.41
0.135
0.43
120
0.36
0.38
0.155
0.41
0.33
0.135
0.35
150
0.29
0.30
0.155
0.34
0.26
0.130
0.29
185
0.23
0.28
0.150
0.29
0.21
0.130
0.25
240
0.180
0.190
0.150
0.24
0.165
0.130
0.21
300
0.145
0.155
0.145
0.21
0.136
0.130
0.185
400
0.105
0.115
0.145
0.185
0.100
0.125
0.160
VOLTAGE DROP PER AMPERE PER METRE (mV). Conductor operating temperature: 70c
Conductor Cross-Sectional Area
Two Core Cable D.C.
TWo Core Cable Single Phase A.C.
Three or Four Core Cable Three Phase A.C.

4
Mm
Mv
MV
MV
16
4.5
25
2.9
29
0.175
2.9
2.5
0.150
2.5
35
2.1
2.1
0.170
2.1
1.80
0.150
1.80
50
1.55
1.55
0.170
1.55
1.35
0.145
1.35
70
1.05
1.05
0.165
1.05
0.90
0.140
0.92
95
0.77
0.77
0.160
0.79
0.67
0.140
0.68
120
0.53
0.135
0.55
150
0.42
0.135
0.44
185
0.34
0.135
0.37
240
0.26
0.130
0.30
300
0.21
0.130
0.25
45
3.9
Tables derive from IEE copyright information
PVC INSULATED 600/1000 VOLT CABLES WITH COPPER CONDUCTORS SUSTAINED CURRENT RATING (AMP)
(50Hz) PARAMETERS
600/100 VOLT
Normal Conductor Area
THREE-PHASE SINGLE CORE CABLES IN TREFOIL ARRANGEMENT
mm
Direct Armoured
Duct Armoured
Air Unarmoured
Air Armoured
50
203
199
184
193
70
248
241
233
249
95
297
282
290
298
120
337
311
338
347
150
376
342
338
395
185
423
375
450
452
240
485
419
537
532
300
542
459
620
607
2/7
6/26/2014

700
600
489
722
690
500
660
523
832
776
630
721
563
957
869
800
758
587
1083
937
1000
797
621
1260
1010
APPROXIMATE CURRENT PER LINE OR PHASE TAKEN AT FULL RATED HP BY MOTORS OF AVERAGE EFFICIENCY
AND POWER FACTOR
Motor Ra ti ng
Direct Current
Alternating Current
110V
220V
550V
240V
380V
415V
550V
HP
amp
amp
amp
amp
amp
amp
amp
0.5
5.7
2.8
1.1
10
1.9
1.7
1.3
18
3.6
10
3.6
3.3
2.5
26
13
5.2
15
5.1
4.6
3.5
42
21
8.4
24
7.3
5.5
7.5
60
30
12
35
11.6
10.6
10
80
40
16
46
15.1
13.8
10.4
15
117
59
23
67
22
20
16
20
154
77
31
88
29
27
21
25
190
95
38
110
37
34
26
30
227
114
46
130
43
40
30
40
300
150
60
180
59
54
41
50
375
187
75
210
73
67
50
50
445
223
89
253
87
80
60
60
520
260
104
291
102
94
70
80
600
300
120
332
117
107
81
100
740
370
148
412
145
133
100
460
184
515
125
181
166
125
150
220
217
199
150
175
256
253
232
175
200
292
288
264
199
250
353
323
244
300
421
385
291
Useful three phase formulae:

1. kW = kVA x power factor
Line amps x Line volts x 1.73 x p.f.
2. kW =
3. kVA =
4. Line amps
=
5. Line amps
=
6. Line amps
=
7. kVA =
8. kW =
1000
kW
p.f.
kW x 1000
Line volts x 1.73 x p.f.
kVA x 1000
Line volts x 1.73
h.p. x 746
Line volts x 1.73 x Efficiency x
p.f.
Line amps x Line volts x 1.73
1000
h.p. x 746
1000 x Efficiency
Line amps x Line volts x 1.73 x Efficiency x
9. kVA =
p.f.
746
10. h.p. =
kW x 1000 x Efficiency
746
3/7
6/26/2014

11. h.p. =
kVA x 1000 x Efficiency

746
CURRENT RATINGS OF CABLES CLIPPED DIRECT TO SURFACE OR TRAY BUNCHED AND UNENCLOSED
3 One-Core
4 One-Core
2 ONe-Core D.C.
Conductor Size
One Phase A.C.
1 Three Core
1 Four Core
1 Two Core DV
Three Phase A.C.
One-Phase A.C.
Three Phase A.C.
mm2
amp
amp
amp
amp
amp
amp
amp
amp
16
13
15
12
14
12
12
10
1.5
21
16
19
15
18
15
15
13
2.5
29
23
26
20
24
21
21
18
38
30
34
27
31
27
27
24
49
38
45
34
40
35
35
30
10
67
51
60
46
56
48
48
41
16
90
38
81
61
72
64
64
54
25
115
89
105
80
96
71
84
62
35
145
109
130
98
115
87
100
72
50
205
175
185
160
170
140
150
125
70
260
220
235
200
210
175
185
155
95
320
270
285
240
255
215
225
190
120
370
310
335
280
300
250
260
215
150
420
355
380
320
335
285
300
250
185
480
405
435
365
385
325
345
280
240
570
480
520
430
450
385
400
335
300
660
560
600
500
520
445
460
390
400
770
680
700
610
500
890
800
800
710
630
1050
910
950
820
CURRENT RATINGS OF CABLES IN CONDUIT OR TRUNKING BUNCHED AND ENCLOSED

Conductor Size
2 One Core D.C.
4 One Core
D.C.
One Phase AC
Three Phase AC
One Phase AC
Three Phase A.C.
mm2
amp
amp
amp
amp
amp
amp
amp
amp
14
11
11
12
11
10
1.5
17
13
14
11
15
13
13
12
2.5
24
18
20
16
20
18
17
16
31
24
27
22
27
24
23
22
40
31
35
28
34
30
30
27
10
55
42
49
39
47
40
41
37
16
73
56
66
53
61
53
54
47
25
94
73
89
71
80
60
70
53
35
115
90
110
88
97
74
86
65
50
170
145
145
125
70
215
185
185
160
95
265
230
225
195
120
310
260
260
220
150
350
300
R = Heat-resisting rubber insulation

P = PVC insulation
MINIMUM SIZE OF EARTH CONDUCTOR (IF NOT CONTAINED IN CABLE)

Size of largest associated copper circuit
conductor
Size of Earthing Conductor
Size of Earthing Continuity Conductor
Size of Bonding Lead
1*
1#*
1.5
1*
1#*
2.5
1*
1#*
4/7
6/26/2014

4
2.5
1#*
2.5
1#*
10
2.5
16
2.5
25
16
16
35
16
16
50
16
16
70
50
50
16
95
50
50
16
120
50
50
16
150
50
50
16
185
70
70
50
240
70
70
50
300
70
70
50
400
70
70
50
500
70
70
50
630
70
70
50
* 1.5 sq mm where earth conductor in unenclosed

# 2.5 sq mm for bonding other services at entry to premises.
DIAMETERS AND GLAND SIZES OF ARMOURED PVC INSULATED CABLES

Conductor Size
Max. Diameter of
Core
No. of Cores
Approximate Diameters
Bedding Sheath
Armour
Wire
Recommended
Gland Size#
Oversheath
Sq. mm
mm
No. of Cores
mm
mm
mm
mm
BS4121
14/8
26/8
11 6/8
7/8
5/8
73/8
9 3/8
12 2/8
7/8
5/8
8.1
10.1
13
0.9
3/4 S*
8.9
10.9
13.8
0.9
3/4 S
2.5
3.3
4.3
9.7
11.7
14.5
0.9
3/4 S
10
12 2/4
15
18
1 1/4
3/4
12
12 3/4
15 2/4
18 2/4
1 1/4
3/4
19
15.1
17.8
21.1
1.25
27
18.5
22
25.4
1.6
37
21
24 2/4
17 3/4
1 2/4
1 3/4
48
23 3/4
27 1/4
30 3/4
1 2/4
1 3/4
8.2
10.2
13.1
0.9
3 3/4 S*
8.7
10.7
13.6
0.9
3 3/4 S
9.6
11.6
14.5
0.9
3 3/4 S
10.5
12.5
15.4
0.9
3 3/4
11 2/4
12 2/4
16 2/4
3/4
10
14.8
17.5
20.9
1.25
12
15.3
18
21.4
1.25
19
18.5
22
25.4
1.6
27
22
25 2/4
29 1/4
1 2/4
1 3/4
37
25
28 2/4
32 2/4
1 2/4
1 3/4
48
29
33 1/2
37 1/2
1 1/2
10.2
12.2
15.1
0.9
3 3/4 S
11
13
16
3/4
12
14 3/4
17 3/4
1 1/4
3/4
12 1/4
16
19
1 1/4
3/4
14 2/4
17 1/4
20 2/4
1 1/4
10
19 1/4
22 3/4
26
1 2/4
12
19.8
23.3
26.8
1.6
1 3/4
19
12 2/4
27
30 2/4
1 2/4
1 1/4
27
28 1/2
33
37
1 1/2
11 2/4
13 2/4
16 2/4
3/4
12 1/4
12 1/4
18
1 1/4
3/4
5/7
6/26/2014

10
61/4
Shaped
16
Conductors
13 2/4
13 2/4
19 1/4
1 1/4
3/4
14
16 3/4
20
1 1/4
3/4
15
17 3/4
21 1/4
1 1/4
16 2/4
19 1/4
22 3/4
1 1/4
13
15 2/4
19
1 1/4
3/4
14 2/4
14 2/4
20 2/4
1 1/4
19 3/4
16 3/4
24
1 1/4
#Glands Type BW, CW, D1W, D2W, E1W, E2W.

A cable made to minimum tolerance may be accommodated in a gland one size smaller.
GLAND SIZING CHART PVC/SWA/PVC CABLES

Size MM Sq
Cores
1
10
12
19
27
37
48
1.5
16/20
16/20
20S
20S
20S
20L
20L
25S
25L
32
32
2.5
20S
20S
20S
20S
20L
25S
25S
25L
32
32
40S
4.0
20S
20L
20L
20L
20L
25L
32
32
40S
6.0
20L
20L
20L
10.0
25S
25S
25S
16.0
25S
25L
25L
25.0
25S
32
32
35.0
25L
32
32
50.0
32
32
40S
70.0
32
40S
40L
40S
50S
95.0
25S
40S
120.0
25L
40S
40L
50S
150.0
32
40L
50S
63S
185.0
32
50S
50L
63S
240.0
40S
50L
63S
63S
300.0
40L
63S
63L
75L
400.0
50S
63L
75S
75L
500.0
50S
630.0
50L
The gland sizes tabulated are intended as a guide only and are based on the approximate under armour and
overall diameters.
Cables with aluminium wire must have aluminium glands.
DERATING FACTORS
GROUND TEMPERATURE DERATING FACTORS
AIR TEMPERATURE DERATING FACTOR
Air Temperature oC
PVC cables rated at 70 oC
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
1.22
1.15
1.08
1.00
0.95
0.82
0.71
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
1.13
1.07
1.00
0.93
0.85
0.76
0.65
Burial Depth Derating Factor

Ground Temperature oC
PVC cables rated 70 oC
Cables Cross Section

Depth of laying mt
up to 70 mm sq
95mm sq 240 mm sq
300 mm sq and above
0.5
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.60
0.99
0.98
0.97
0.80
0.97
0.96
0.94
1.00
0.95
0.93
0.92
1.25
0.94
0.92
0.89
1.5
0.93
0.90
0.87
1.75
0.92
0.89
0.86
2.00
0.91
0.88
0.85
SOIL THERMAL RESISTIVITY DERATING FACTOR

6/7
6/26/2014

Soil thermal resistivity in C cm / watt
Rating factor
80
90
100
120
150
200
250
1.17
1.12
1.07
1.0
0.91
0.80
0.73
PVC Rated Temperature Derating Factor

Type of PVC rated temperature oC
Rating Factor
Return to top of page
70
85
95
105
1.000
1.195
1.309
1.414
CSE Cables Ltd : Unit 13, Wooburn Industrial Park, Wooburn Green, Bucks, HP10 0PE
Log in
Tel : 01628 850024; Fax : 01628 648068; Email : info@csecables.com

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