AN OVERVIEW OF REVISIONS IN IS 456 : 2000

CODE OF PRACTICE FOR PLAIN AND REINFORCED CONCRETE

4 Revisions in Section 4 : Special design requirements for structural
members and system

4.1 Concrete corbels (Cl. 28)

A new clause on design of concrete corbels on the basis of simplified
assumptions of strut-and-tie system and its reinforcement detailing has
been introduced.

4.2 Minimum length of reinforcement for flat slabs (Cl. 31.7.3)

A new provision has been introduced that the length of reinforcement for
slabs in frames not braced against sideways and for slabs resisting lateral
loads should be determined by analysis but should not be less than those
given in Fig. 16.

4.3 Walls (Cl. 32)

A new clause on design of concrete walls and its reinforcement detailing
has been introduced.

4.4 Nominal reinforcement for footings (Cl. 34.5)

A new clause stipulating minimum reinforcement and its spacing for
footings has been introduced.

5. Revisions in Section 5 : Structural design (Limit State Method)

5.1 Limit State of Serviceability : Cracking (Cl. 35.3.2 and 43)

Where specific attention is required to limit the design crack width, the
new code has included the formulae for calculation of crack width in
Annex F. The permissible crack widths has been kept same as earlier
code and varies from 0.30 mm to 0.1 mm depending upon type of
structure and environment.

It may be noted from the formula for crack width calculation that for a
given section, the crack width is a function of strain in steel, depth of
concrete cover and spacing of reinforcement steel. Again, permissible
crack width is less when required nominal cover is more from exposure
condition. Thus, if crack width is to be limited to 0.1 mm only for a given
strain and higher concrete cover, the reinforcement spacing would be too
congested to cause problems in concreting. On the other hand reduction
in strain would result uneconomic design. However, the code has clearly
stated in clause 43.1 that compliance with the minimum spacing of
reinforcement bars given in clause 26.3.2 should be sufficient to control
AN OVERVIEW OF REVISIONS IN IS 456 : 2000
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR PLAIN AND REINFORCED CONCRETE

flexural cracking and crack width given in Annex F need be calculated only
when greater spacing are required.

5.2 Slender compression member (Cl. 39.7)

Note 1 under clause 39.7.1 has been added clarifying the conditions under
which a column may be considered braced in a given plane.

5.3 Design shear strength of concrete (Cl. 40.2)

In both Limit State and Working Stress Methods (Table 19 and 23), the
percentage area of longitudinal tension reinforcement has been added
below 0.15 and above 3.0 for design shear strength calculations. This
would help the designer as often the percentage areas go beyond the
limits given in the table. In both these tables the value of design shear
strength for M 40 for different percentage area of tensile reinforcement as
given in earlier code has been retained for M 40 and above in the new
code.

5.4 Maximum shear stress in concrete with shear reinforcement (Cl.
40.2.3)

In Table 20 specifying Maximum shear stress in concrete even with shear
reinforcement, the value for M 40 given in earlier code has been retained
for M 40 and above in the new code.

5.5 Enhanced shear strength of sections close to supports (Cl. 40.5)

For any section closer to support, substantial portion of the shear will be
directly transferred to the support by strut action. Thus, the shear strength
for all sections from critical section for shear (refer para 3.5.4 above) to
the face of support get enhanced. This aspect has been recognized for the
first time in the revised edition and a new clause in this regard has been
introduced both in Limit State and Working Stress Methods. Accordingly,
permissible shear stress at supports has been increased.

However, it is worth mentioning that the above enhancement is applicable
only when the load is on top of beam and support is at bottom. If the load
acts at bottom, i.e. something is hung from bottom fiber of beam, the
whole concept changes and enhancement of shear at support is no more
applicable.

5.6 Limit State of Collapse : Torsion (Cl. 41)

As per earlier code, the members were required to be designed for
torsion, only where the torsional resistance or stiffness of member was
AN OVERVIEW OF REVISIONS IN IS 456 : 2000
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR PLAIN AND REINFORCED CONCRETE

taken into account in the analysis of the structure. This has been modified
in the new code and it states that the members are to be designed for
torsion if torsion is required to maintain equilibrium of the structure. It
further clarifies that no specific calculations for torsion is required in
intermediate structures when the redundant restrains are released,
provided torsional stiffness is neglected in calculation of internal forces.