Centroids Transparency 1

5/4: Centroids of composite bodies

page 246
Center of gravity and centroid
Uniform density More dense towards right
Centroid
Center of
gravity
Center of gravity: Only relevant when gravita-
tional forces are involved. Suspend object from dif-
ferent points - the lines of action of the gravitational
forces intersect at the center of gravity
Center of mass: Coincides with center of gravity
in uniform, parallel gravitational eld (on earth)
Centroid: Geometric center of an object. Coin-
cides with center of mass when density is uniform
Centroids Transparency 2
x
1
x
N
X
y
1
y
N
Y
x
y
z
W
1
W
N
G
G
1
G
N
Z
W
Take moments about y-axis:
W
1
x
1
+ W
2
x
2
+ . . . + W
N
x
N
= WX
m
1
gx
1
+ m
2
gx
2
+ . . . + m
N
gx
N
= MgX
m
1
x
1
+m
2
x
2
+. . .+m
N
x
N
= (m
1
+m
2
+. . .+m
N
)X
X =
m
1
x
1
+ m
2
x
2
+ . . . + m
N
x
N
m
1
+ m
2
+ . . . + m
N
Centroids Transparency 3
Take moments about x-axis:
Y =
m
1
y
1
+ m
2
y
2
+ . . . + m
N
y
N
m
1
+ m
2
+ . . . + m
N
Rotate so that z-axis is horizontal, take moments:
Z =
m
1
z
1
+ m
2
z
2
+ . . . + m
N
z
N
m
1
+ m
2
+ . . . + m
N
Shorter notation:
X =
mx
m
Y =
my
m
Z =
mz
m
Volumes: =
m
V
When density is uniform throughout body:
X =
V
1
x
1
+ V
2
x
2
+ . . . + V
N
x
N
V
1
+ V
2
+ . . . + V
N
=
V
1
x
1
+ V
2
x
2
+ . . . + V
N
x
N
V
1
+ V
2
+ . . . + V
N
Shorter notation:
X =
V x
V
Y =
V y
V
Z =
V z
V
Centroids Transparency 4
Areas
When thickness is uniform throughout body:
X =
V
1
x
1
+ V
2
x
2
+ . . . + V
N
x
N
V
1
+ V
2
+ . . . + V
N
=
dA
1
x
1
+ dA
2
x
2
+ . . . + dA
N
x
N
dA
1
+ dA
2
+ . . . + dA
N
=
A
1
x
1
+ A
2
x
2
+ . . . + A
N
x
N
A
1
+ A
2
+ . . . + A
N
Shorter notation:
X =
Ax
A
Y =
Ay
A
Z =
Az
A
Thin rods
When cross-sectional area is uniform:
X =
V
1
x
1
+ V
2
x
2
+ . . . + V
N
x
N
V
1
+ V
2
+ . . . + V
N
=
AL
1
x
1
+ AL
2
x
2
+ . . . + AL
N
x
N
AL
1
+ AL
2
+ . . . + AL
N
=
L
1
x
1
+ L
2
x
2
+ . . . + L
N
x
N
L
1
+ L
2
+ . . . + L
N
Centroids Transparency 5
Shorter notation:
X =
Lx
L
Y =
Ly
L
Z =
Lz
L
PROBLEMS: Centroids of areas
PR5/43: Determine the coordinates of the cen-
troid of the trapezoidal area shown.
Centroids Transparency 6
PR5/44: Calculate the y-coordinate of the cen-
troid of the shaded area.
Centroids Transparency 7
PR5/47: Calculate the coordinates of the centroid
of the shaded area.
Centroids Transparency 8
PR5/48: Calculate the x- and y-coordinates of
the centroid of the shaded area.
Centroids Transparency 9
Centroids from areas
PR5/63: Calculate the coordinates of the center
of mass of the bracket, which is constructed from
sheet metal of uniform thickness.
Answer:
X = 62.1 mm;
Y = 67.7 mm;
Z = 22.0 mm
Homework: SP5/6
Centroids Transparency 10
Centroids from volumes
PR5/55: Consider the homogeneous hemisphere
of which the smaller hemispherical portion is re-
moved. Determine the x-coordinate of the mass
center.
Answer: X =
45
112
R
Centroids Transparency 11
Centroids from units of mass
PR5/53: The rigidly connected unit consists of a
2-kg circular disk, a 1.5-kg round shaft, and a 1-
kg square plate. Determine the z-coordinate of the
mass center of the unit.
Answer: Z = 70 mm
Homework: SP5/8
Centroids Transparency 12
Centroids from lengths
PR5/52: Locate the mass center of the slender
rod bent into the shape shown.
Answer: X = 0 mm; Y = 58.3 mm
Centroids Transparency 13
Dierent densities: use mass!
SP5/8: Locate the center of mass of the bracket-
and-shaft combination. The vertical face is made
from sheet metal which has a mass of 25 kg/m
2
.
The material of the horizontal base has a mass
of 40 kg/m
2
, and the steel shaft has a density of
7.83 Mg/m
3
.
Answer: X = 53.3 mm; Y = 45.7 mm
Centroids Transparency 14
Centroids of general bodies
(page 227)
Composite body: Constituent parts are geome-
trical gures of which the centroids are known
General body: Boundaries of body are dened by
mathematical equations
1 2 3 N
x
y
y f x = ( )
Approximation
x A =
x B =
y g x = ( )
x
A
1
x
1
+ A
2
x
2
+ A
N
x
N
A
1
+ A
2
+ A
N
y
A
1
y
1
+ A
2
y
2
+ A
N
y
N
A
1
+ A
2
+ A
N
Centroids Transparency 15
y f x = ( )
Accurate
x A =
x B =
y g x = ( )
y
c
x x
c
=
x
dx
y
c
= (f(x) + g(x))/2
dA = (f(x) g(x)) dx
A =
Z
dA
x =
Z
x
c
dA
A
y =
Z
y
c
dA
A
Centroids Transparency 16
Accurate
y y
c
=
y
x
c
x f y = ( )
x g y = ( )
dy
y A =
y B =
Alternative
x
c
= (f(y) + g(y))/2
dA = (f(y) g(y)) dy
A =
Z
dA
x =
Z
x
c
dA
A
y =
Z
y
c
dA
A
Centroids Transparency 17
SP5/4: Locate the centroid of the area under the
curve x = ky
3
from x = 0 to x = a.
Answer: x =
4
7
a; y =
2
5
b
Centroids Transparency 18
PR5/10: Determine the coordinates of the cen-
troid of the shaded area in the gure (below left).
(First use dx and then verify with dy)
Answer: x =
3b
5
; y =
3a
8
PR5/11: Determine the coordinates of the cen-
troid of the shaded area in the gure (above right).
(Use dx. Why?)
Answer: x = 1.443; y = 0.361 k
Centroids Transparency 19
PR5/10: Determine the coordinates of the cen-
troid of the shaded area.
(First use dx and then verify with dy)
Answer: x =
3b
5
; y =
3a
8
Centroids Transparency 20
PR5/11: Determine the coordinates of the cen-
troid of the shaded area.
(Use dx. Why?)
Answer: x = 1.443; y = 0.361 k
Centroids Transparency 21
PR5/13: Determine the coordinates of the cen-
troid of the shaded area. (Better to use dy Why?)
Answer: x =
2a
5
; y =
3b
8
Centroids Transparency 22
PR5/18 and PR5/24: Areas between curves
PR5/18: Determine the y-coordinate of the cen-
troid of the shaded area.
(Better to use dx Why?) Answer: y =
11b
10
Centroids Transparency 23
PR5/18 en PR5/24: Areas between curves
PR5/24: Determine the coordinates of the cen-
troid of the shaded area. (Can use either dx or dy)
Answer: x =
2a
5
; y =
b
2