ASSI GNMENT

Social Problems Of
Pakistan (I ssues and
Challenges)
Moeeza Ahmed
BBA Semester 6
Submitted to
MI SS RASHDA BUTT


Causes of Unemployment in Pakistan

Unemployment
Unemployment is an economic term. It means the percentage of labour force without job. It is a
global problem. Unemployment is on its peak in Pakistan. According to the recent statistics,
approximately 5.95 percent of labour force is unemployed in Pakistan. It is increasing day by
day.
Unemployment is not only a social means but its consequences are far reaching as well. It brings
frustration and depression among the youth and purser it to negative activities. It is one of the
cases of robberies, street crime and terrorism, in our country.
The foremost problem world is facing today is unemployment. The ratio of unemployment is
increasing rapidly due to lack of sources and when unemployment takes place so many crimes
are automatically be created. Pakistan the Asian country has plenty of problems in these days and
unemployment is one of those. Unemployment is caused numerous problems for its people.
Pakistan has countless natural resources but problem is that resources are being wasted since the
independence of Pakistan in 1947. You may find many graduated masters IT experts, engineers
and doctors wondering about for job opportunities due to bad employment system. The people of
Pakistan are considered highly talented and hardworking in the world and there is no value of
talent in Pakistan therefore it is the reason many of engineers, doctors, Scientifics, technicians
and accountants travel in foreign countries for earn their livelihood.

The poverty rate is also on peak therefore uneducated and unskilled people can be found easily in
Pakistan. Labour class is also affected by the unemployment. Due to unemployment the living
standard of Pakistanis is going down with the passage of time. People are lacking from their
basic needs. People have become the patients of depression and they have no idea how to deal
depression during unemployment. We have tried our best to point out some of the major
causes of unemployment in Pakistan and as well as solutions as under:

Major Causes of Unemployment in Pakistan
There are numerous causes of unemployment in Pakistan.
Our education system is not according to the needs of our country. All the attention is paid to
theoretical education and practical is ignored, thats why there is shortage of skilled hands in
Pakistan.
Pakistan is a developing country, and needs skilled people for progress. We are not advance in
industry, we cant absorb all the youth in factories.
Our birth rate is very high. The resources of the country are not enough to maintain such a large
and growing population.Jobs are less than the need of the people.
One important cause of unemployment is the behavior of our young people. They dont like
manual work, they are dreaming of a good office job and a high social status.
Negligence of our government is one of the major causes of unemployment in Pakistan. Its
current polices and efforts are not enough to decrease and eliminate unemployment form
Pakistan.
Our educational sector is also one of the causes of unemployment in Pakistan. The attitude of our
young children towards the choice of a career is sheer unproductive and unrealistic.Pakistan has
very limited facilities in the area of energy, infrastructure and also the transportation system
prevents investors to invest new industries.Due to current unfortunate situation of Pakistan, the
number of industries is very limited and at the same time number of graduates keeps increasing
which leads to an up rise of unemployment level.Government is not playing its part for the
country, because they are not doing anything in capital expenditures which basically creates
more jobs.
There are a number of reasons why unemployment is so high in Pakistan. One of the other
reasons is the lack of quality of education in Pakistan. A student may have a masters degree
with him, but when he walks into an office for his interview, he lacks the confidence to carry
himself for a formal conversation and in the end so many students of this type are rejected and
left unemployed.

CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT


Lack of Professional Attitude
A person is unemployed if he or she does not work during the preceding week but made some
efforts to find work for the past four weeks. A person is unemployed who has ability to do work
and is willing to do work but is unable to get a job opportunity.
Unemployment is one of the major problems of Pakistan. The level of unemployment is rising.
Presently, more than three million people are unemployed in Pakistan and unemployment ratio is
more than 12%. The socio economic system of the country and institutions has failed to provide
employment to the increasing labor force. The rate of expansion in industrial sector is very slow.
The increasing labor force has not been absorbed.
Technical, professional and vocational institutions are limited in number. Nationalization of
industrial units very badly affected the investment at industrial sector. The private investors
shifted their capital to other countries. Downsizing in many government offices and within the
private sector has aggravated the problem. Unemployment is a central problem of Pakistan
because when unemployment is at its peak, resources are wasted and earnings are depressed.
During such period, economic distress also spills over to affect emotions and family lives.

Low Literacy in Pakistan
A society of literate citizens has more chances of development at the economic and social levels.
But our country has ignored the importance of education sector over the years and as a result we
are now ranked as one of the least literate nations in the world.
Low literacy and unemployment are closely related. People with low literacy skills are more
likely to leave school early.Low literacy affects employability. People with low literacy are twice
as likely to be unemployed as other adults. Low literacy acts as a barrier to opportunity. People
with low literacy have fewer choices in jobs. People with low literacy are more likely to lose
their jobs. People with low literacy who are unemployed are less likely to find work again than
those with higher literacy skills.
Low literacy and training
Literacy is a foundational skill. People need basic literacy to acquire new skills and knowledge.
Often people with the lowest literacy skills do not take part in adult education and training as
much as those with higher skills.
Low literacy, Unemployment and Poverty
Low literacy, unemployment and poverty are all inter-related and tend to have a multiplier effect.
Low literacy puts people at a disadvantage. As a result, they are more likely to be unemployed
and more likely to be poor as well, creating multiple disadvantages for them. People with low
literacy are more likely to rely on social transfer payments, like income support.
If they are working, people with low literacy are more likely to be in
low paid, insecure jobs, with no benefits.
Wrong Effective Planning
Unemployment is a central problem of Pakistan because when unemployment is at its peak,
resources are wasted and earnings are depressed. During such period, economic distress also
spills over to affect emotions and family lives.
The major causes for unemployment among the poor in Pakistan include lack of technical skills,
little or no education, low income worsened by indebtedness to moneylenders, no career
guidance, lack of awareness regarding available jobs, high expectations without commensurate
experience, little understanding of work ethics and the weak economy.
Low income can be improved by small enterprise development (SED) activities, industrial and
technical skills, increased financial resources and management skills and increased participation
of women in economic activities providing more income for the family as compared to a single
breadwinner.
Economic planning
Government should make efforts to push economic growth process and should seriously try to
boost exports through broadening the tax base and lowering tariffs. Package should be
announced for the development of agriculture sector. A number of fiscal and monetary measures
should be taken to attract industrialists and particularly foreign investment. More technical and
vocational training facilities should be provided. In this way unemployed people will get the
chance to enhance their skills and become able to earn reasonable income.
Political I nstability
Political instability is one with the successive governments failing to come up with any
substantial plan to tackle growing unemployment. People have lost their hopes and find ill ways
to satisfy their utmost needs. It is anticipated that if no concrete actions are taken against these
problems in the coming years, the crime rate will become three times higher than the present.
People will become poorer and will lose hope and trust in Government.
Government should make efforts to push economic growth process and should seriously try to
boost exports through broadening the tax base and lowering tariffs. Package should be
announced for the development of agriculture sector. A number of fiscal and monetary measures
should be taken to attract industrialists and particularly foreign investment. More technical and
vocational training facilities should be provided. In this way unemployed people will get the
chance to enhance their skills and become able to earn reasonable income.
Seasonal Unemployment
Seasonal unemployment arises because of the seasonal character of a particular productive
activity so that people become unemployed during the slack season. Pakistan agriculture is a
seasonal occupation so that the farmers have not sufficient work to do during the salck season.
Other examples of seasona industry are the ice factories, the rice mills, the sugar factories etc.
The solution has to be found in re-arrangaing the process of production and where this is not
possible complementary and subsidiary jobs have to be created for the people suffering from
seasonal unemployment.


High Growth of Population
One of the major problems regarding unemployment in Pakistan is uncontrolled growth of
population. The population of Pakistan is increasing at very high rate this time. According to the
statistical the population of Pakistan is increasing at the rate of 2.2%. There are plenty of factors
responsible for over population such as early marriages, illiteracy, desires for sons, lack of
awareness etc. As we all know that the education system of Pakistan is not upto the mark
therefore increasing in population means bring more uneducated person into the field of labour.
Government or any other company cannot provide jobs or work places to this huge amount of
uneducated people at time.
Poor Education System
The education system in Pakistan has been really poor since the creation of Pakistan.
Unfortunately any government since independence didnt take especial steps to make the
education system good. Education system in Pakistan is unbalanced. It has been seen even
talented students left study due to injustice of system. You will see many technical educational
colleges and private technical institutions are being found which are only selling degrees because
technical education which is being given in these institutions has no value, therefore people are
wondering about for jobs due to lack of experience and skills.
Energy Crisis
Could you believe country with plenty of natural resources and atomic power is lacking of
energy crisis? There are many sources of producing of energy in Pakistan but due to lack of
proper planning and efforts Pakistan is having problem of energy crisis. The government of
Pakistan is unable to provide electricity to residential areas in Pakistan than how can energy or
electricity can be provided to factories and industries. Therefore factories and industries that are
required energy are transferring their business in other Asian countries like Bangladesh, India
and as well as Sri Lanka. As of this result a huge number of labours are becoming the victims of
unemployment.

High Age of Retirement
The age of retirement in Pakistan is 60 years and it is really high age of retirement and the
government of Pakistan is directly responsible for this factor. There are various educated people
are in wait of jobs but high age of retirement is making young ones frustrated.



Solution of Unemployment in Pakistan
It will be tough ask for government to solve one of the major problems of Pakistan
Unemployment due to huge population but still we have given some solutions to reduce the
unemployment in Pakistan and we are hopeful by following these solutions the ratio of
unemployment in Pakistan can be reduced or decreased.
The first thing to do to reduce unemployment in Pakistan is the proper planning by the
government of Pakistan.
The education system of Pakistan should be equal and well managed.
Well recognized training and technical institutions are need to be established where skills
programs are offered.
The age of retirement should be at least 55 years.
Remove energy crisis so that investor comes to Pakistan thus job placement will
automatically be created.
There should be peace across the country so foreigners will not hesitate to invest in
Pakistan.
The agriculture sector should be developed.
Jobs should be given purely on merits.
Encourage multinational companies to business in Pakistan.
Family planning centers should be opened to control the flow of over population.