CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY

1. Examine the continuity of the function ( ) 1 2

2 3
+ x x x f at 1 x .
Find which of the functions is continuous or discontinuous at the indicated points:
2. ( )

'

<
+

2 if ,
2 if , 5 3
2
x x
x x
x f
at 2 x
3. ( )

'

0 if , 5
0 if ,
x
2 cos 1
2
x
x
x
x f at 0 x
4. ( )

'

2 if , 5
2 if ,
2
2 3 2
2
x
x
x
x x
x f at 2 x
5. ( )
( )

'

4 if , 0
4 if ,
4 2
4
x
x
x
x
x f at 4 x
6. ( )

'

0 if , 0
0 if ,
1
cos
x
x
x
x
x f at 0 x
. ( )

'

a x
x
a x
a x
x f
if , 0
0 if ,
1
sin
at
a x
!. ( )

'

0 if , 0
0 if ,
1
1
1
x
x
e
e
x f
x
x
at 0 x
". ( )

'

< +

2 1 if ,
2
3
3 2
1 0 if ,
2
2
2
x x x
x
x
x f at 1 x
10.
( ) 1 + x x x f
at 1 x .
Find the #a$ue of k in each of the Exercises so that the function f is continuous at the
indicated point:
11.
( )

'

>

5 if , 2
5 if , ! 3
x k
x x
x f
at 5 x
12. ( )

'

+
2 if ,
2 if ,
16 4
16 2
2
x k
x
x f
x
x
at 2 x
13. ( )

'

<

+
<
+

1 0 if ,
1
1 2
0 1 % if ,
1 1
x
x
x
x
x
kx kx
x f at 0 x
14. ( )

'

0 if ,
2
1
0 if ,
sin
cos 1
x
x
x x
kx
x f at 0 x
15. &ro#e that the function f defined 'y ( )

'

0 ,
2
1
0 ,
2
2
x
x
x x
x
x f remains
discontinuous at 0 x , re(ard$ess the choice of k.
16. Find the #a$ues of a and b such that the function f defined 'y
( )

'

> +

+
< +

4 if ,
4
4
4 if ,
4 if ,
4
4
x b
x
x
x b a
x a
x
x
x f is a continuous function at 4 x .
1. )i#en the function
( )
2
1
+

x
x f
. Find the points of discontinuity of the
composite function ( ) ( ) x f f y .
1!. Find a$$ points of discontinuity of the function ( )
2
1
2
+

t t
t f , where
1
1

x
t
.
1". *how that the function
( ) x x x f cos sin +
is continuous at
x
.
Examine the differentia'i$ity of f, where f is defined 'y
20.
( )
[ ]
( )

'

<
<

3 2 if , 1
2 0 if ,
x x x
x x x
x f
at 2 x .
21. ( )

'

0 if , 0
0 if ,
1
sin
2
x
x
x
x
x f at 0 x .
22.
( )

'

>
+

2 if , 5
2 if , 1
x x
x x
x f
at 2 x .
23. *how that
( ) 5 x x f
is continuous 'ut not differentia'$e at 5 x .
24. + function
R R f :
satisfies the e,uation
( ) ( ) ( ) y f x f y x f +
for a$$
R y x ,
,
( ) 0 x f
. *uppose that the function is differentia'$e at 0 x and
( ) 2 0 f . &ro#e that
( ) ( ) x f x f 2
.
-ifferentiate each of the fo$$owin( w.r.t. x:
25.
x
2
cos
2
26.
!
!
x
x
2. ( ) a x x + +
2
$o( 2!. ( ) [ ]
5
$o( $o( $o( x
2". x x
2
cos sin + 30. ( ) c bx ax
n
+ +
2
sin
31. ( ) 1 tan cos + x 32. ( )
2 2 2 2
sin sin sin x x x + +
33.

,
_

1
1
sin
1
x
34. ( )
x
x
cos
sin
35. x x
n m
cos . sin 36. ( ) ( ) ( )
4 3 2
3 2 1 + + + x x x
3.
4 4
,
2
cos sin
cos
1

< <

,
_

x
x x
3!.
4 4
,
cos 1
cos 1
tan
1

< <

,
_

x
x
x
3".
( )
2 2
, tan sec tan
1

< < +

x x x
40.
2 2
,
sin cos
sin cos
tan
1

< <

,
_

+
+

x
x a x b
x b x a
and
1 tan > x
b
a
41.
2
1
0 ,
3 4
1
sec
3
1
< <

,
_

x
x x
42.
3
1
3
1
,
3
3
tan
2 3
3 2
1
< <

,
_

a
x
ax a
x x a
43.
0 , 1 1 ,
1 1
1 1
tan
2 2
2 2
1
< <

,
_

+
+ +

x x
x x
x x
.
Find
dx
dy
of each of the functions.
44.
t
t y
t
t x
1
,
1
+
45.
,
_

,
_

1
,
1
e y e x
46.
3 3
sin 2 sin 3 , cos 2 cos 3 y x .
4.
2 2
1
2
tan ,
1
2
sin
t
t
y
t
t
x

+
.
4!.
t
t
y
t
t
x
$o( 2 3
,
$o( 1
2
+

+
.
4". .f
t
e x
2 cos
and
t
e y
2 sin
, pro#e that
y x
x y
dx
dy
$o(
$o(

.
50. .f
( ) t t a x 2 cos 1 2 sin +
and
( ) t t b y 2 cos 1 2 cos
, show that
a
b
dx
dy
t

,
_

4
at

.
51. .f
t t y t t x 3 cos cos 3 , 3 sin sin 3
, find
dx
dy
at
3

t
.
52. -ifferentiate
x
x
sin
w.r.t.
x sin
.
53. -ifferentiate

,
_

x
x 1 1
tan
2
1
w.r.t. x
1
tan

when 0 x .
Find
dx
dy
each of the fo$$owin(.
54.
( ) y x
y
x
xy +
2
sin
55.
( ) xy y x + sec
56. ( ) a y x +
2 2 1
tan 5. ( ) xy y x +
2
2 2
5!. .f 0 2 2 2
2 2
+ + + + + c fy gx by hxy ax , then show that
1 .
dy
dx
dx
dy
.
5". .f y
x
e x
, pro#e that
x x
y x
dx
dy
$o(

.
60. .f
x y x
e y

, pro#e that
( )
y
y
dx
dy
$o(
$o( 1
2
+

.
61. .f ( )
( )
( )

....... cos
cos
cos
x
x
x y , show that
1 cos $o(
tan
2

x y
x y
dx
dy
.
62. .f
( ) ( ) 0 cos sin sin + + + y a a y a x
, pro#e that
( )
a
y a
dx
dy
sin
sin
2
+

.
63. .f ( ) y x a y x +
2 2
1 1 , pro#e that
2
2
1
1
x
y
dx
dy

.
64. .f x y
1
tan

, find
2
2
dx
y d
in terms of y a$one.
/erify the 0o$$e1s theorem for each of the functions.
65. ( ) ( )
2
1 x x x f in 20, 13. 66. ( ) x x x f
4 4
cos sin + in
1
]
1

2
, 0

.
6. ( ) ( ) 3 $o( 2 $o(
2
+ x x f in
[ ] 1 , 1
. 6!. ( ) ( )
2 4
3
x
e x x x f

+ in
[ ] 0 , 3
.
6". ( )
2
4 x x f in
[ ] 2 , 2
.
0. -iscuss the app$ica'i$ity of 0o$$e1s theorem on the function (i#en 'y
( )

'

2 1 if , 3
1 0 if , 1
2
x x
x x
x f
.
1. Find the points on the cur#e
( ) 1 cos x y
in
[ ] 2 , 0
, where the tan(ent is
para$$e$ to x%axis.
2. 5sin( 0o$$e1s theorem, find the point on the cur#e
( ) [ ] 4 , 0 , 4 x x x y
, where the tan(ent is prara$$e$ to x%axis.
/erify mean #a$ue theorem for each of the functions.
3.
( )
1 4
1

x
x f
in
[ ] 4 , 1
.
4. ( ) 3 2
2 3
+ x x x x f in
[ ] 1 , 0
.
5.
( ) x x x f 2 sin sin
in
[ ] , 0
.
6. ( )
2
25 x x f in
[ ] 5 , 1
.
. Find a point on the cur#e ( )
2
3 x y , where the tan(ent is para$$e$ to the chord
6oinin( the points 73, 08 and 74, 18.
!. 5sin( mean #a$ue theorem, pro#e that there is a point on the cur#e
3 5 2
2
+ x x y 'etween the points + 71, 08 and 9 72, 18, where tan(ent is
para$$e$ to the chord AB . +$so, find that point.
". Find the #a$ues of p and q so that ( )

'

> +
+ +

1 if , 2
1 if , 3
2
x qx
x p x x
x f
is differentia'$e at
1 x .
!0. .f ( )
n m n m
y x y x
+
+ . , pro#e that
7i8
x
y
dx
dy

and 7ii8 0
2
2

dx
y d
.
!1. .f
t x sin
and
pt y sin
, pro#e that ( ) 0 1
2
2
2
2
+ y p
dx
dy
x
dx
y d
x .
!2. Find
dx
dy
, if
2
1
2
tan
+
+
x
x y
x
.
!3. Find the #a$ue of the constant k so that the function f defined 'e$ow is
continuous at 0 x , where ( )

'

0 if ,
0 if ,
!
4 cos 1
2
x k
x
x
x
x f .
!4. -iscuss the continuity of the function
( ) x x x f cos . sin
.
!5. .f ( )
( )

'

+ +

2 ,
2 ,
2 % x
20 16
2
2 3
x k
x
x x x
x f is continuous at 2 x , find the #a$ue of k.
!6. *how that the function f defined 'y ( )

'

0 , 0
0 ,
1
sin
x
x
x
x
x f is continuous at 0 x .
!. )i#en
( )
1
1

x
x f
. Find the points of discontinuity of the composite function
( ) [ ] x f f y .
!!. :et
( ) x x x f
, for a$$
R x
. -iscuss the deri#a'i$ity of
( ) x f
at 0 x .
!". -ifferentiate x tan w.r.t. x.
"0. .f
( ) y x y + tan
, find
dx
dy
.
"1. .f
y x y x
e e e
+
+ ; pro#e that
x y
e
dx
dy


.
"2. Find
dx
dy
, if
3
1
3
1
,
3 1
3
tan
2
3
1
< <

,
_

x
x
x x
y
.
"3. .f { }
2 1
1 1 sin x x x x y

and
1 0 < < x
, then find
dx
dy
.
"4. .f
3
sec a x and
3
tan a y , find
dx
dy
at
3

.
"5. .f
y x y
e x

, pro#e that
( )
2
$o( 1
$o(
x
x
dx
dy
+

.
"6. .f
x x y sec tan +
, pro#e that
( )
2 2
2
sin 1
cos
x
x
dx
y d

.
". .f
( ) x x f cos
, find
,
_

4
3
f
.
"!. .f
( ) x x x f sin cos
, find
,
_

f
.
"". /erify 0o$$e1s theorem for the function,
( ) x x f 2 sin
in
1
]
1

2
, 0

.
100. /erify mean #a$ue theorem for the function
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) " 6 3 x x x x f
in 23,
53.
101. .f
( )
4
,
1 cot
1 cos 2

x
x
x
x f
find the #a$ue of
,
_

f
so that
( ) x f
'ecomes
continuous at
4

x
.
102. *how that the function f (i#en 'y ( )

'

0 if , 0
0 if ,
1 e
1
x
1
1
x
x
e
x f
x
is discontinuous at 0 x .
103. :et ( )

'

>
+

<

0 if ,
4 16
0 if ,
0 if ,
4 cos 1
2
x
x
x
x a
x
x
x
x f . For what #a$ue of a, f is continuous at 0 x <
104. Examine the differentia'i$ity of the function f defined 'y
( )

'

+
< +
< +

1 0 if , 2
0 2 if , 1
2 3 if , 3 2
x x
x x
x x
x f
105. -ifferentiate
x
x
2
1
1
tan

with respect to ( )
2 1
1 2 cos x x

, where

,
_

1 ,
2
1
x
.
Objective Type Questions
106. .f
( ) x x f 2
and ( ) 1
2
2
+
x
x g , then which of the fo$$owin( can 'e a
discontinuous function
7a8
( ) ( ) x g x f +
7'8
( ) ( ) x g x f
7c8
( ) ( ) x g x f .
7d8
( )
( ) x f
x g
10. =he function
( )
3
2
4
4
x x
x
x f

is
7a8 discontinuous at on$y one point
7'8 discontinuous at exact$y two points
7c8 discontinuous at exact$y three points
7d8 none of these
10!. =he set of points where the function f (i#en 'y
( ) x x x f sin 1 2
is
differentia'$e is
7a8 0 7'8

'

2
1
R
7c8 ( ) , 0 7d8 none of these
10". =he function ( ) x x f cot is discontinuous on the set
7a8
{ } Z n n x :
7'8
{ } Z n n x : 2
7c8
( )

'

+ Z n n x ;
2
1 2

7d8

'

Z n
n
x ;
2

110. =he function ( )

x
e x f is
(a) continuous e#erywhere 'ut no differentia'$e at 0 x
(b) continuous and differentia'$e e#erywhere
(c) not continuous at 0 x
(d) none of these.
111. .f
( )
x
x x f
1
sin
2

, where 0 x , then the #a$ue of the function f at 0 x , so

that the function is continuous at 0 x , is
7a8 0 7'8 > 1
7c8 1 7d8 none of these
112. .f ( )

'

> +
+

2
if , sin
2
if , 1

x n x
x mx
x f , is continuous at
2

x
, then
7a8
0 , 1 n m
7'8
1
2
+
n
m
7c8
2
m
n
7d8
2

n m
113. :et
( ) x x f sin
. =hen
(a) f is e#erywhere differentia'$e
(b) f is e#erywhere continuous 'ut not differentia'$e at
Z n n x ,
(c) f is e#erywhere continuous 'ut not differentia'$e at
( )
2
, 1 2

+ n x
,
Z n
.
(d) ?one of these.
114. .f

,
_

2
2
1
1
$o(
x
x
y
, then
dx
dy
is e,ua$ to
7a8
4
3
1
4
x
x

7'8
4
1
4
x
x

7c8
4
4
1
x
7d8
4
3
1
4
x
x

115. .f
y x y + sin
, then
dx
dy
is e,ua$ to
7a8
1 2
cos
y
x
7'8
y
x
2 1
cos

7c8
y
x
2 1
sin

7d8
1 2
sin
y
x
116. =he deri#ati#e of ( ) 1 2 cos
2 1

x w.r.t. x
1
cos

is
7a8 2 7'8
2
1 2
1
x

7c8
x
2
7d8
2
1 x
11. .f
3 2
, t y t x , then
2
2
dx
y d
is
7a8
2
3
7'8
t 4
3
7c8
t 2
3
7d8
2
3t
11!. =he #a$ue of c in 0o$$e1s theorem for the function ( ) x x x f 3
3
in the
inter#a$ [ ] 3 , 0 is
7a8 1 7'8 > 1
7c8
2
3
7d8
3
1
11". For the function
( ) [ ] 3 , 1 ,
1
+ x
x
x x f
, the #a$ue of c for mean #a$ue
theorem is
7a8 1 7'8 3
7c8 2 7d8 none of these
120. =he function ( )

'

0 if ,
0 if , cos
sin
x k
x x
x
x
x f is continuous at 0 x , then the #a$ue
of k is
7a8 3 7'8 2 7c8 1 7d8 1.5
121. =he function
( ) [ ] x x f
, where
[ ] x
denotes the (reatest inte(er function, is
continuous at
7a8 4 7'8 > 2 7c8 1 7d8 1.5
122. =he num'er of points at which the function
( )
[ ] x x
x f

1
is not continuous is
7a8 1 7'8 2 7c8 3 7d8 none of these
123. =he function (i#en 'y
( ) x x f tan
is discontinuous on the set
7a8
{ } Z n n :
7'8
{ } Z n n : 2
7c8
( )

'

+ Z n n :
2
1 2

7d8

'

Z n
n
:
2

124. :et
( ) x x f cos
. =hen,
(a) f is e#erywhere differentia'$e
(b) f is e#erywhere continuous 'ut not differentia'$e at
Z n n n ,
(c) f is e#erywhere continuous 'ut not differentia'$e at
( )
2
1 2

+ n x
,
Z n
(d) none of these.
125. =he function
( ) 1 + x x x f
is
(a) continuous at 0 x as we$$ as at 1 x
(b) continuous at 1 x 'ut not at 0 x
(c) discontinuous at 0 x as we$$ as at 1 x
(d) continuous at 0 x 'ut not at 1 x .
126. =he #a$ue of k which ma@es the function defined 'y ( )

'

0 if ,
0 if ,
1
sin
x k
x
x
x f ,
continuous at 0 x is
7a8 ! 7'8 1 7c8 >1 7d8 none of these
12. =he set of points where the functions f (i#en 'y
( ) x x x f cos 3
is
differentia'$e is
7a8 0 7'8
{ } 3 R
7c8
( ) , 0
7d8 none of these.
12!. -ifferentia$ coefficient of ( ) x
1
tan sec

w.r.t. x is
7a8
2
1 x
x
+
7'8
2
1 x
x
+
7c8
2
1 x x + 7d8
2
1
1
x +
12". .f
,
_

2
1
1
2
sin
x
x
u
and
,
_

2
1
1
2
tan
x
x
v
, then
dv
du
is
7a8
2
1
7'8 x 7c8
2
2
1
1
x
x
+

7d8 1
130. =he #a$ue of c in 0o$$e1s =heorem for the function ( ) x e x f
x
sin ,
[ ] , 0 x
is
7a8
6

7'8
4

7c8
2

7d8
4
3
131. =he #a$ue of c in Aean #a$ue theorem for the function
( ) ( ) 2 x x x f
,
[ ] 2 , 1 x
is
7a8
2
3
7'8
3
2
7c8
2
1
7d8
2
3
Fill in the bln!s "
132. +n examp$e of a function which is continuous e#erywhere 'ut fai$s to 'e
differentia'$e exact$y at two points is BBBBBBBBBB.
133. -eri#ati#e of
2
x w.r.t.
3
x is BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.
134. .f
( ) x x f cos
, then
,
_

f
C BBBBBBBBBBBBB.
135. .f
( ) x x x f sin cos
, then
,
_

f
C BBBBBBBBBB.
136. For the cur#e
1 + y x
,
dx
dy
at
,
_

4
1
,
4
1
is BBBBBBBBBBBBBBB.
13. =he num'er of points at which the function
( )
x
x f
$o(
1

is discontinuous is
BBBBBBBBB.
13!. .f
( )

'

< +
+

1 if , 2
1 if , 1
x x
x x a
x f
is continuous, then a shou$d 'e e,ua$ to BBBBBBBB.
13". =he deri#ati#e of
x
10
$o(
w.r.t. x is BBBBBBBBBBBBB.
140. .f

,
_

,
_

1
1
sin
1
1
sec
1 1
x
x
x
x
y
, then
dx
dy
is e,ua$ to BBBBBBBB.
141. =he deri#ati#e of
x sin
w.r.t
x cos
is BBBBBBBBBBB.
#tte T$ue n% Flse &o$ the stte'ents in ech o& the E(e$cises)
142. 0o$$e1s theorem is app$ica'$e for the function
( ) 1 x x f
in 20, 23.
143. .f f is continuous on its domain D, then
f
is a$so continuous on D.
144. =he composition of two continuous function is a continuous function.
145. =ri(onometric and in#erse > tri(onometric functions are differentia'$e in their
respecti#e domain.
146. .f
g f .
is continuous at
a x
, then f and g are separate$y continuous at
a x
.
14. For continuity, at
a x
, each of
( ) x f
a x
+

$im
and
( ) x f
a x

$im
is e,ua$ to
( ) a f
.
14!.
1 x y
is a continuous function.
14". + continuous function can ha#e some points where $imit does not exist.
150.
x sin
is a differentia'$e function for e#ery #a$ue of x.
151.
x cos
is differentia'$e e#erywhere.
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Colu'n0I Colu'n0II
7+8 .f a function ( )

'

0 if ,
2
0 if ,
3 sin
x
k
x
x
x
x f 7a8
x
is continuous at 0 x , then k is e,ua$ to
798 E#ery continuous function is differentia'$e 7'8 =rue
7D8 +n examp$e of a function which is continuous 7c8 6
E#erywhere 'ut not differentia'$e at exact$y one point
7d8 =he identify function i.e.
( ) R x x x f
7d8 Fa$se
is a continuous function