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This document discusses the importance of pharmacology knowledge for nursing practice. It covers several key areas:
1) The evolution of nursing responsibilities regarding drug administration and how nurses must understand appropriate medications, interactions, and advocate for patients.
2) Applying pharmacology through pre-administration assessment, dosage, evaluating effects, addressing adverse effects, and PRN decisions.
3) Using the nursing process framework to assess patients, identify potential issues, plan interventions, implement drug administration and education, and evaluate therapeutic responses and side effects.
This document discusses the importance of pharmacology knowledge for nursing practice. It covers several key areas:
1) The evolution of nursing responsibilities regarding drug administration and how nurses must understand appropriate medications, interactions, and advocate for patients.
2) Applying pharmacology through pre-administration assessment, dosage, evaluating effects, addressing adverse effects, and PRN decisions.
3) Using the nursing process framework to assess patients, identify potential issues, plan interventions, implement drug administration and education, and evaluate therapeutic responses and side effects.
This document discusses the importance of pharmacology knowledge for nursing practice. It covers several key areas:
1) The evolution of nursing responsibilities regarding drug administration and how nurses must understand appropriate medications, interactions, and advocate for patients.
2) Applying pharmacology through pre-administration assessment, dosage, evaluating effects, addressing adverse effects, and PRN decisions.
3) Using the nursing process framework to assess patients, identify potential issues, plan interventions, implement drug administration and education, and evaluate therapeutic responses and side effects.
1. Why should a student nurse learn about drugs? 1.1. Motivation for studying Pharmacology 1.2. Essential for nursing practice 1.3. Worthwhile investment 1.4. Much more required than the six ight!s 1.4.1. ight "rug 1.4.#. Patient 1.4.$. "ose 1.4.4. oute 1.4.%. &ime 1.4.'. "ocumentation 2. Evolution of Nursing Responsiilities Regarding !rugs #.1. (orrect administration) *ithout additional inter+entions) cannot ensure that treatment *ill result in the therapeutic ob,ecti+e #.#. Proper deli+ery is only the beginning of a nurse!s responsibility #.$. Nurses - physicians - pharmacists participate in a system of chec.s and balances designed to promote beneficial effects and to minimi/e harm. 2.". #he nurse must $now % #.4.1. What medications are appropriate for the patient *hat drugs are contraindicated for the patient #.4.#. &he probable consequences of the interaction bet*een drug and patient #.%. &he nurse!s role as ad+ocate0 2.&.1. 'ollows the patient(s status most closely 2.&.2. !etect mista$es made y pharmacists and prescriers 2.&.3. 'irst memer of the health care team to oserve and evaluate drug responses and intervene if re)uired 2.&.". Must $now the response that a medication is li$ely to elicit 1 Pharmacology and Nursing Practice 2.&.&. *ast line of defense for the patient 2.&.+. Ethically and legally unacceptale to administer a drug that is harmful to the patient , even though the medication has een prescried y a licensed prescrier and dispensed y a licensed pharmacist $. Application of pharmacology in Patient (are 3.1. #wo ma-or areas in which pharmacologic $nowledge can e applied% 3.1.1. Patient care 3.1.2. Patient education 3.2. Pre.administration assessment 3.3. !osage and minimi/ing administration 3.". Evaluating and promoting therapeutic effects 3.&. 0dverse effects 3.+. Minimi/ing adverse interactions 3.1. Ma$ing PRN decisions 4. Pre1administration Assessment ".1. Managing to2icity ".1.1. 3ollecting aseline data 4.1.1.1. Needed to e+aluate therapeutic responses and ad+erse effects. 4.1.#. 2dentifying high1ris. patients ".1.2.1. *iver and $idney impairment ".1.2.2. 4enetic factors ".1.2.3. !rug allergies ".1.2.". Pregnancy ".1.2.&. Elderly and pediatric ".1.2.+. #ools% ".1.2.+.1. Patients history5 ".1.2.+.2. Physical e2amination ".1.2.+.3. *aoratory results 2 Pharmacology and Nursing Practice %. "osage and administration %.1. (ertain drugs ha+e more than one indication. &.2. !osage may differ depending on which indication the drug is used for. &.3. Many drugs can e administered y more than one route. &.". !osage may differ depending on the route selected. &.&. 3ertain 67 agents an cause severe local in-ury if 67 e2travagates %.'. ead the medication order carefully. %.3. 4erify the identity of the patient %.5. ead the medication label carefully. %.6. 4erify dosage calculations. &.18. 6mplement any special handing the drug may re)uire. &.11. !on(t administer any drug if you don(t understand the reason for its use. '. 7+aluation therapeutic responses0 +.1. 9ne of the most important aspects of drug therapy '.#. Must .no* the rationale for treatment and the nature and time course of the intended response +.3. 3annot effectively evaluate a drug with multiple applications if the intended use is not $nown '.4. Promoting patient adherence +.".1. 0lso $nown as compliance or concordance +.".2. E2tent to which a patient(s ehavior coincides with medical advice '.%. 2mplementing nondrug measures +.&.1. !rug therapy can often e enhanced y nondrug measures. +.&.2. :iofeedac$5 emotional support5 weight reduction5 smo$ing cessation5 sodium restriction5 etc. 3. Minimi/ing Ad+erse 7ffects 1.1. 0ll drugs have the potential to produce undesired effects. 3.#. Al*ays .no* the follo*ing 0 3 Pharmacology and Nursing Practice 3.#.1. &he ma,or ad+erse effects the drug can produce 3.#.#. &he time *hen these reactions are li.ely to occur 3.#.$. 7arly signs that an ad+erse reaction is de+eloping 3.#.4. 2nter+entions that can minimi/e discomfort and harm 5. Minimi/ing ad+erse interactions 5.1. &a.e a thorough drug history. 5.#. Ad+ise to a+oid 8&( drugs that can interact *ith the prescribed medication. 5.$. Monitor for ad+erse interactions the patient .no*n to occur. 5.4. 9e alert for as1yet un.no*n interactions.: 6. Ma.ing PN "ecisions ;.1. PRN% pro re nata5 meaning <as needed= 6.#. Nurse has discretion regarding ho* much drug to gi+e and *hen to gi+e it. 6.$. ;no* the reason for drug use. 6.4. 9e able to assess the patient!s medications needs 1<. Managing &oxicity 1<.1. 7arly identification ma.es early inter+ention possible. 1<.#. ;no* the early signs of toxicity. 1<.$. ;no* the procedure for toxicity management. 11. Application of Pharmacology in Patient 7ducation 11.1. !rug name and therapeutic category 11.2. !osage si/e 11.3. !osing schedule 11.". Route and techni)ue of administration 11.&. E2pected therapeutic response and when it should develop 11.+. Nondrug measures to enhance therapeutic responses 11.1. !uration of treatment 4 Pharmacology and Nursing Practice 11.>. Method of drug storage 11.;. ?ymptoms of ma-or adverse effects and measures to minimi/e discomfort and harm 11.18. Ma-or adverse drug.drug and drug.food interactions 11.11. Whom to contact in the event of therapeutic failure5 severe adverse reactions5 or severe adverse interactions 1#. &eaching "osage and Administration 12.1. 4ive patient the following information% 1#.1.1. Name of drug 1#.1.#. "osage and schedule of administration 1#.1.$. &echnique of administration 1#.1.4. "uration of drug use storage of drug 1$. Application of Pharmacology in Patient 7ducation 1$.1. Promoting therapeutic effects 13.1.1. Nature and time course of e2pected eneficial effects 13.1.2. Recogni/ing treatment failure5 allow for timely alternative therapy implementation 1$.#. Minimi/ing ad+erse effects 13.2.1. 6nsulin overdose 13.2.2. 0nticancer and infection 13.2.3. ?ome side effects are enign ut disturing5 especially if un$nown to the patient. 14. Minimi/ing Ad+erse 2nteractions 1".1. Educate patient aout ha/ardous drug.drug and drug.food interactions. 1".1.1. E2ample% phenel/ine and amphetamines or figs 1%. Application of the Nursing Process in "rug &herapy 1&.1. 0pplication of the nursing process conceptual framewor$ in drug therapy 1&.2. @se of modified nursing process format to summari/e nursing implications in this te2t 5 Pharmacology and Nursing Practice 1'. e+ie* of the Nursing Process 1+.1. 0ssessment 1+.2. 0nalysis% Nursing diagnoses 1+.3. Planning 1+.". 6mplementation AinterventionB 1+.&. Evaluation 13. Applying the Nursing Process in "rug &herapy 11.1. Pre.administration assessment 11.2. 0nalysis and nursing diagnoses 11.3. Planning 11.". 6mplementation 11.&. Evaluation 15. Pre1administration Assessment 15.1. (ollection of baseline data to e+aluate therapeutic effects 15.#. (ollection of baseline data to e+aluate ad+erse effects 15.$. 2dentification of high1ris. patients 15.4. Assessment of the patient!s capacity for self1care 16. Analysis and Nursing "iagnoses 1;.1. #hree o-ectives% 16.1.1. =udge the appropriateness of the prescribed regimen 16.1.#. 2dentify potential health problems that the drug might cause. 16.1.$. "etermine the patient!s capacity for self1care #<. Planning 28.1. !efining goals 28.2. ?etting priorities 28.3. 6dentifying specific interventions 28.3.1. !rug administration 6 Pharmacology and Nursing Practice 28.3.2. 6nterventions to enhance therapeutic effects 28.3.3. 6nterventions to minimi/e adverse effects 28.3.". Patient education 28.". Estalishing o-ective criteria for evaluation #1. 2mplementation 21.1. !rug administration 21.2. Patient education 21.3. 6nterventions to promote therapeutic effects 21.". 6nterventions to minimi/e adverse effects ##. 7+aluation 22.1. #herapeutic responses 22.2. 0dverse drug reactions and interactions 22.3. 0dherence to the prescried regimen 22.". ?atisfaction with treatment #$. Modified Nursing Process >ormat to ?ummari/e Nursing 2mplications @see &able #.#A 23.1. Pre.administration assessment 23.2. 6mplementation% administration 23.3. 6mplementation% measures to enhance therapeutic effects 23.". 9ngoing evaluation and interventions 23.&. Patient education 23.+. What aout diagnosis and planningC 7