Ice cream

Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a frozen dessert usually
made from dairy products, such as milk and cream and often combined with fruits or
other ingredients and flavours. Most varieties contain sugar, although some are made
with other sweeteners. In some cases, artificial flavourings and colourings are used in
addition to, or instead of, the natural ingredients. The mixture of chosen ingredients is
stirred slowly while cooling, in order to incorporate air and to prevent large ice
crystals from forming. The result is a smoothly textured semi-solid foam that is malleable
and can be scooped.
The meaning of the phrase "ice cream" varies from one country to another. Phrases such
as "frozen custard", "frozen yogurt", "sorbet", "gelato" and others are used to distinguish
different varieties and styles. In some countries, such as the United States, the phrase "ice
cream" applies only to a specific variety, and most governments regulate the commercial
use of the various terms according to the relative quantities of the main ingredients.
Products that do not meet the criteria to be called ice cream are labelled "frozen dairy
dessert" instead. In other countries, such as Italy and Argentina, one word is used for all
variants. Analogues made from dairy alternatives, such as goat's or sheep's milk, or milk
substitutes, are available for those who are lactose intolerant, allergic to dairy protein,
or vegan. The most popular flavours of ice cream in North America (based on consumer
surveys) are vanilla and chocolate.
Ice cream became popular and inexpensive in England in the mid 19th century, due to the
efforts of a Swiss emigre Carlo Gatti. He set up the first stall outsideCharing
Cross station in 1851, selling scoops of ice cream in shells for one penny to the public;
previously, ice cream was an expensive treat confined to rich people with access to an ice
house. He built a large 'ice well' for storage of the ice that he took from Regent's
Canal under a contract with the Regent's Canal Company. By 1860, with a rapidly
expanding business, he began importing ice on a large scale from Norway.
Agnes Marshall, regarded as the 'queen of ices' in England did much to popularize ice
cream recipes and make its consumption into a fashionable middle-class pursuit. She
wrote four books: Ices Plain and Fancy: The Book of Ices (1885), Mrs. A.B. Marshall's
Book of Cookery (1888), Mrs. A.B. Marshall's Larger Cookery Book of Extra
Recipes (1891) and Fancy Ices (1894) and gave public lectures on cooking. She even
suggested using liquid nitrogen to make ice cream.
Ice cream soda was invented in the 1870s, adding to ice cream's popularity. The
invention of this cold treat is attributed to American Robert Green in 1874, although there
is no conclusive evidence to prove his claim. The ice cream sundae originated in the late
19th century. Several men claimed to have created the first sundae, but there is no
conclusive evidence to support any of their stories. Some sources say that the sundae was
invented to circumvent blue laws, which forbade serving sodas on Sunday. Towns
claiming to be the birthplace of the sundae include Buffalo, Two Rivers, Ithaca,
and Evanston. Both the ice cream coneand banana split became popular in the early 20th
century.



Vocabulary
Frozen-Inghetat
Milk-Lapte
Cream-Crema
Ingredient-Ingredient
Flavour-Aroma
Dessert-Desert
Cooling-Racire
Ice Crystals-Cristale de gheata
Lactose-Lactoza
Vanilla-Vanilie
Chocolate-Ciocolata
Shells-Coaja
Soda-Soda
Sweetners-Indulcitori











Word Study

Milk- is a white liquid produced by the mammary
glands of mammals.

Dessert- The course usually consists of sweet foods, but
may include other items.

Flavour- is the sensory impression of a food or
other substance.

Ice crystals- are solid ice exhibiting atomic ordering on
various length scales and include hexagonal columns,
hexagonal plates.

Chocolate- is a processed, typically
sweetened food produced from the seed of the
tropical Theobroma cacao tree.

Lactose- is a disaccharide sugar derived
from galactose and glucose that is found in milk.

Cream- is a dairy product that is composed of the higher-
butterfat layer skimmed from the top
of milk before homogenization.








Summary



Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a frozen dessert usually
made from dairy products, such as milk and cream and often combined with fruits or
other ingredients and flavours.
The meaning of the phrase "ice cream" varies from one country to another. Phrases
such as "frozen custard", "frozen yogurt", "sorbet", "gelato" and others are used to
distinguish different varieties and styles. In some countries, such as the United States,
the phrase "ice cream" applies only to a specific variety, and most governments
regulate the commercial use of the various terms according to the relative quantities of
the main ingredients. Ice cream became popular and inexpensive in England in the mid
19th century, due to the efforts of a Swiss emigre Carlo Gatti. He set up the first stall
outsideCharing Cross station in 1851, selling scoops of ice cream in shells for one
penny to the public; previously, ice cream was an expensive treat confined to rich
people with access to an ice house. He built a large 'ice well' for storage of the ice that
he took from Regent's Canal under a contract with the Regent's Canal Company. By
1860, with a rapidly expanding business, he began importing ice on a large scale
from Norway.Ice cream soda was invented in the 1870s, adding to ice cream's
popularity. The invention of this cold treat is attributed to American Robert Green in
1874, although there is no conclusive evidence to prove his claim. The ice cream
sundae originated in the late 19th century. Several men claimed to have created the first
sundae, but there is no conclusive evidence to support any of their stories.

















Frozen
Milk
Cream
Ingredient
Flavour
Dessert
Cooling
Ice Crystals
Lactose
Vanilla
Chocolate
Shells
Soda
Sweetners