not unfrequently pulley or chase-mortised for the reception of the ceiling joists ; some- times they are notched to receive the bridging joists on them, and they should therefore be classed by themselves at a larger price per foot cube, or at an addition.il price for the workmanship, beyoad common joisting. AH these matters must be in proportion to the description of the work, whether the ceiling joists be put in with pulley mortises and tenons, or the bridgings notched or adzed down. 2336. Partitions may be measured and estimated by the cube foot ; but the sills, top pieces, and door heads should be measured by themselves, according to their cubic contents, at a larger price ; because not only the uniform solidity, but the uniform quantity, of the workmanship is interrupted by them. The braces in trussed jiartitions are to be taken by the foot cube at a birger price than the comm.on quartering, ou account of the trouble of fitting the ends of the uprights upon their upper and lower sides, and of forming the abutments at the ends. 2337. AH the timbers of roofing ai-e to be measured by the cubic foot, and classed according to the difficulty of execution, or the waste that occurs in performing the work. Common rafters, as respects labour, are rated much the same as joists or quarters ; purlins, which require trouble in fitting, are worth more, because on them are notched down the common rafters. The diiFerent parts of a truss should, to come accurately at the true value, be separately taken, and the joggles also separately considered, including the tenons at the ends of the struts ; mortising tie beams and principals, forming the tenons of the truss posts ; mortis'ng and tenoning the ends of the lie beams and principals; also the work to the feet of common or bridging rafters. The iron strapping is paid for according to the number of the bolts. 2338. The battetiing of walls are measured by the squai-e, according to the dimensions and distances of the battening. 2339. Ribbed ceilings are taken by the cubic quantity of timber they contain, making due allowance f(.ir the waste of stuff, which is often considerable. The price of their labour is to be ordered by the nature of the work, and the cubic quantity they contain. 2340. Trimmers and trimming joists are so priced as to include the mortises and tenons they contain, and also the tenons at the extremities of the trimmers. But to specify all the methods required of ascertaining the value of each species of carpenter's work would oe impossible, with any respect to our limits. They must be learned by observation ; all we have to do is with the principles on which measuring and estimating is conducted. 2341. When the carcass of the building is completed, before laying the floors or lathing the work for receiving the plastering, the timbers should be measured, so that the scant- lings may be examined and proved correct, according to the specification ; and in this, as a geneial rule, it is to be remembered that all pieces having tenons are measured to their extremities, and that such timbers as girders and binding joists lie at least 9 inches at their ends into the walls, or | of the wall's thickness, where it exceeds 27 inches. In the measurement of bond timber and wall plates, the laps must be added to the net lengths. If a necessity occur for cutting parallel pieces out of truss posts (such as king or queeu- pnsts), when such pieces exceed 2 feet 6 inches in length, and 2i inches in thickness, they are considered as pieces fit for use, deducting 6 inches a.o waste from their lengths. 2342. The boarding of a roof is measured by the square, and estimated according to its thickness, and the quality of boards and the manner in which they are jointed. 2343. Where the Tneasurement is for labour and materials, the best way is, first, to find the cubical contents of a piece of carpentry, and value it by the cubic foot, including the prime cost, carting, sawing, waste, and carpenter's profit, and then to add the price of the labour, properly measured, as if the journeyman were to be paid. It is out of the ques- tion to give a notion of any fixed va'ue, because it must necessarily vary, as do materials and labour. The only true method of forming a proper estimate is dependent on the price of timber and deals, for which general tallies may be formed. 2344. A load of fir timber contains 50 cube fret : if, then, the price of a load is known in the timber merchant's yard, the approximate value of a cube foot is found as under; say, if taken at 4^. 10s. per load, then
Prime cost of a load o fir
- Suppose the cartage (dependent on distance) .... Sawing into necessary scantlings ...... Waste in converting equal to 5 feet, at 2,'-*. per foot, the load being 1054-. 20 per cent, profit on 5/. \hs. Gd. G 18 6 2345. Now, ^" '^*' "' = 2-77 shillings, or 2 shillings and 9 pence and nearly 1 farthing par foot cube. & s. d. 4 10 5 10 5 5 10 6 5 \h ~6 1 3