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The document describes the MS registration procedure in a cellular network. It involves the following key steps:
1. The MS requests a channel from the BTS.
2. The BSC sends a channel activation response to the BTS.
3. The BTS acknowledges channel activation to the BSC.
4. The BSC assigns the channel to the MS via the BTS.
5. The MS sends a location update request to the MSC via the BTS and BSC.
The procedure authenticates the MS and assigns it a temporary mobile subscriber identity number.
The document describes the MS registration procedure in a cellular network. It involves the following key steps:
1. The MS requests a channel from the BTS.
2. The BSC sends a channel activation response to the BTS.
3. The BTS acknowledges channel activation to the BSC.
4. The BSC assigns the channel to the MS via the BTS.
5. The MS sends a location update request to the MSC via the BTS and BSC.
The procedure authenticates the MS and assigns it a temporary mobile subscriber identity number.
The document describes the MS registration procedure in a cellular network. It involves the following key steps:
1. The MS requests a channel from the BTS.
2. The BSC sends a channel activation response to the BTS.
3. The BTS acknowledges channel activation to the BSC.
4. The BSC assigns the channel to the MS via the BTS.
5. The MS sends a location update request to the MSC via the BTS and BSC.
The procedure authenticates the MS and assigns it a temporary mobile subscriber identity number.
1 MS requests a channel MS BTS BSC 2 Channel Activation response BSC BTS 3 Acknowledgement for activation BTS BSC 4 Assignment of channel BSC BTS MS 5 Location Update Request MS BTS BSC MSC 6 Request for authentication MSC BSC BTS MS 7 MS Authenticates MS BTS BSC MSC 8 Verification of Authentication MSC VLR 9 Assigns TMSI MSC BSC BTS MS 10 TMSI Acknowledgement MS BTS BSC MSC 11 Update of VLR / HLR MSC VLR HLR 12 Channel Release BSC BTS MS
Near Far Effect
Using spread spectrum has a disadvantage in that the near-far effect becomes predominant. The near far problem originates from a wide range of signal levels received at the cell site from different mobile users located very close or far wary from it within the service area of the cell. In order to prevent the signal from one mobile user overtaking that of another mobile user, strict power control at the mobile transmitter end need to be implemented.
Consider a cellular system in which two mobile users are communicating with a BS. If it is assumed that the transmission power of eac MU to be same, received signal levels at the BS from the MU 1 and MU 2 are quite different due to the difference in the propagation signal path lengths. If d 1 < d 2 then the received signal strength from MU 1 will be much larger than the received signal level from MU 2 at the base station.
Now assume that the MUs are using adjacent channels. Out of band radiation of the signal from MU 1 interferes with the signal from MU 2 in the adjacent channel This effect is called adjacent channel interference which become serious when the difference in the received signal strength is large. For this reason the out band radiation must be kept small. The tolerable relative adjacent channel interference level can be difference depending on the system characteristics.
Comparison of CDMA and GSM
Sl. No. Parameter CDMA (IS-95) GSM 1. Allocated spectrum band 800 MHz; 1900 MHz 900 MHz; 1800 MHz (DCS 1800); 1900 MHz (PCS 1900) 2 Multiple access technique CDMA TDMA 3 RF and channel bandwidth 12 MHz with 1.25 MHz per carrier channel from Spread Spectrum. 25 MHz with 200 kHz per carrier channel, 8 time slots per channel with frequency hopping 4 Modulation scheme QPSK with DSSS GMSK 5 Multipath propagation Utilizes as an advantage with rake receivers Causes fading and interference which degrade performance 6 Use of SIM card at MS NO YES 7 Data bit rate 9.6 or 14.4 kbps 9.6 kbps 8 Voice codec rate 8 or 13 kbps 13 kbps 9 SMS feature Upto 120 characters Upto 160 characters 10 MS power transmission 2 mW to 200 mW 125 mW to 2 W 11 Handoff mechanism Soft hand-off Hard hand-off 12 System Capacity Flexible and better than GSM Fixed and limited 13 Network Planning PN Code planning Frequency planning with reuse concept