The evolution of LTE to LTE-Advanced and the corresponding

changes in the uplink reference signals

Edward Kasem, Jan Prokopec
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communications, Brno University of Tecnology
Email! "kasem#$%stud&feec&vut'r&c(
Email! prokopec%feec&vut'r&c(
Abstract LTE-Advanced or 3GPP LTE Release 10 standard
is the evolution of LTE Release 8, consisting of the ost
develo!ed radio access technologies su!!orting advanced
services and a!!lications that include carrier aggregation,
eight-la"er do#nlin$ s!atial ulti!le%ing, and four-la"er
u!lin$ s!atial ulti!le%ing and so on& This article descri'es
the differences 'et#een LTE ( LTE Advanced re)uireents,
then concentrates on the significant changes and descri'es the
design !rinci!les of the LTE-Advanced u!lin$ reference
signals *deodulation reference signals and +ounding
Reference +ignals,&
1.1 introduction
)TE as 'een designed to support only packet switced
services, in contrast to te circuit*switced model of previous
cellular systems& +t aims to provide seamless +nternet Protocol
,+P- connectivity 'etween User E.uipment ,UE- and te
Packet /ata 0etwork ,P/0-, witout any disruption to te end
users1 applications during mo'ility& 2pecifically, data rate
re.uirements ave 'een increased& +n order to support
advanced services and applications, $##3'ps for ig and
$4'ps for low mo'ility scenarios must 'e reali(ed 5$6576&
84PP as worked on a study wit te purpose of identifying
te )TE improvements re.uired to meet +3T*9dvanced
,+nternational 3o'ile Telecommunications * 9dvanced-
re.uirements& +n 2eptem'er 7##: te 84PP Partners made a
formal su'mission to te +TU proposing tat )TE ;elease $#
< 'eyond ,)TE 9dvanced- sould 'e evaluated as a candidate
for +3T*9dvanced& Tis release provides 'est*in*class
performance attri'utes suc as peak and sustained data rates
and corresponding spectral efficiencies, capacity, latency,
overall network comple"ity and .uality*of*service
management& Te ma=or advantage of )TE*9dvanced is its
'ackward compati'ility5$6, meaning tat, )TE devices can
work in )TE 9dvanced and )TE 9dvanced devices can
operate in )TE as well& 0ow we are working on )TE release
$$ wic includes several of te )TE*specific enancements,
including Co*ordinated 3ulti*Point ,Co3P-, Carrier
9ggregation enancements and +C+C enancements 586&
2 Evolution of LTE-Advanced
+n tis part, some re.uirements wic differentiate )TE <
)TE 9dvanced are discussed 5>65?65:6!
2.1.1 Enhanced Multi-antenna Transmission
techniques
3ultiple +nput 3ultiple @utput ,3+3@- is te ma=or
feature used to improve te performance of te )TE system,
and it allows to improve te spectral efficiency and data
trougput& 3+3@ consists of multiple antennas on te
receiver and transmitter to utili(e te multipat effects& Tis
reduces interference and leads to ig trougputs& 3ultipat
occurs wen te different signals arrive at te receiver at
various time intervals& 3+3@ divides a data stream into
multiple uni.ue streams, transmits data streams in te same
radio cannel at te same time& Te receiving end uses an
algoritm or employs special signal processing to generate one
signal tat was originally transmitted from te multiple
signals&
Te main difference 'etween )TE and )TE*advanced in
tis spere is!
for downlink! )TE supports a ma"imum of four
spatial layers of transmission ,>">, assuming four UE
receivers- wereas to improve single user peak data
rates )TE*9dvanced specifies up to eigt wit te
re.uisite eigt receivers in te UE, allows te
possi'ility in te downlink of A"A spatial
multiple"ing&
for uplink! )TE supports a ma"imum of one per UE
,$"7, assuming an e0B diversity receiver- wereas
)TE*advanced ,release $#- support up to four spatial
layers of transmissions allowing te possi'ility of up
to >"> transmission in te uplink wen com'ined
wit four e0B receivers&
0ote tat in ;elease A and ;elease :, only a single antenna
uplink transmission was defined ,single user ,2U-*3+3@-,
ten it increased in )TE release $# and defined up to a >*
stream transmission ,multi user ,3U-*3+3@-&
2.1.2 Asymmetric transmission and!idth
2ymmetric transmission occurs wen te data in down*link or
in te up*link are transmitted wit te same lengt of
'andwidt& +n te case of voice, symmetric transmission is
re.uired 'ecause te amount of upload and download data are
te same, 'ut in te case of mo'ile communication
development we depend more on internet connection or
'roadcast data, e&g& streaming video and real time games, so
more data will 'e sent in down*link ,from e0odeB to UE-&
Tis situation makes us concentrate on te asymmetric
transmissionB te difference 'etween symmetric and
asymmetric transmission is sown in Fig& $
Figure $! Te difference 'etween symmetric and asymmetric
transmission in two cases, T// and F// duple" scemes 586
5?6
@ne of te differences 'etween )TE and )TE*advanced is tat
)TE 9dvanced as more fle"i'le 'andwidt allocations& Tat
refers to asymmetric transmission 'andwidt wic will 'e a
'etter solution for efficient utili(ation of te 'andwidt&
2.1." #elay technology
+t is necessary to look at solutions tat will enance
performance at te cell edge for a comparatively low cost& @ne
of tese solutions tat is 'eing investigated and proposed is
utili(ing )TE relays& 2o te concept of ;elay 0ode ,;0- as
appeared in )TE ;el*$# to ena'le trafficCsignaling forwarding
'etween e0B and UE to improve te coverage of ig data
rates, cell edge coverage and to e"tend coverage to eavily
sadowed areas in te cell or areas 'eyond te cell range& Te
connection 'etween te donor e0B and ;0, and 'etween UEs
and ;0 are Un interface ,wireless connection- and is sown in
Fig& 7& Te Un connections can take two states 5>6!
+n*'and! te e0B*to*relay link sares te same 'and
wit te e0B*to*UE link&
@ut*'and! te e0B*to*relay connection is in a
different 'and tan te direct e0B*to*UE link&
Figure 7! /escription of two cases using relay tecnology and
te type of te information wic is carried on te Un
interface 5865:6&
Tere are tree types of relays 5865:65$76 and te difference
'etween tem appears in te functions of eac one and its
transmission arcitecture!
)ayer $ ,)$- ;elay ,9mplify*and*Forward ;elay-! is
te simplest kind of relays, its function is ;F
amplification wit relatively low latency& +ts
disadvantage appears in amplifying te noise and
interference tat related to te received signals&
)ayer 7 ,)7- ;elay! tis kind of relay is different to
te use of a repeater wic re*transmits te signal
after amplifying& +n tis case a relay will actually
receive, demodulate and decode te data, apply any
error correction, etc to it and ten re*transmitting a
new signal& 2o data packets will 'e e"tracted from ;F
signals, processed and regenerated and ten delivered
to te UE& Tese processes eliminate te noise,
propagation, and interface, so it reinforces te .uality
of te received signal&
)ayer 8 ,)8- ;elay ,2elf*Backauling-! te self*
'ackauling relay as te same functionality as 'ase
stations e"cept for lower transmit power and smaller
cell si(e& Tis relay is similar to te )7 relay e"cept
te )8 relay forwards +P packets instead of )7 P/CP
packets&
2.1.$ %oordinated multiple point transmission and
reception &%'M()
+n )TE*9dvanced, coordinated multipoint
transmissionCreception ,Co3P- or advanced multi*cell
transmissionCreception are some of te tecni.ues tat as
increased te trougput and decreased te interference on te
cell edges, so te main goal in Co3P tecnology is to turn
oter cell interference signals at te cell 'order into useful
signals tat improve te system& +n addition, improve te
coverage of ig data rates and provides faster andovers&
Co3P communication divided to intra*site or inter*site Co3P
5865$$6, and te difference 'etween te two types is! in te first
type te e"cange of information occurs witout involving te
'ackaul, 'ut te second involves te coordination of multiple
sites for Co3P transmission so we sould take te 'ackaul
into consideration as sown in Fig& 8&
Figure 8! Dow Co3P operates! Joint ProcessingCJoint
Transmission ,JPCJT- and coordinated sceduling ,C2- C
coordinated 'eamforming ,CB- 5865:6
/ownlink Co3P!
Te two main, 'ut different approaces wic descri'e te
way of Co3P operations 5865:65$76! Joint ProcessingCJoint
Transmission ,JPCJT- and coordinated sceduling ,C2- C
coordinated 'eamforming ,CB- are taken into consideration&
Te first can 'e descri'ed were te transmission downlink
data to eac UE appens from multiple e0odeBs to a single
UE in eac transmission point& Tis approac as a potential
for iger performance, compared to te coordination in only
te second one, 'ut it is more comple" and re.uires more
stringent re.uirements 'ecause of 'ackaul communication&
Te second approac can 'e descri'ed were te transmission
downlink data occurs from one e0odeB& @nly in tis case
transmitter 'eams are constructed to reduce te interference to
oter neig'oring user e.uipment& &
Uplink Co3P!
Uplink coordinated multi*point reception means receiving te
transmitted signal at geograpically separated points or 'ase
stations& +t also as two different approaces 5865:65$76! =oint
reception ,J;- andCor coordinated sceduling ,C2- 2ceduling
decisions can 'e coordinated among cells to control
interference& Te most important fact in tese different cases is
tat te cooperating units can 'e separate e0Bs1 remote radio
units, relays, etc& Te evolution of )TE, conse.uently, will
likely =ust define te signaling needed to facilitate multi*point
reception&
2.1.* %arrier Aggregation
Carrier aggregation ,C9- is a core capa'ility of )TE*
9dvanced& C9 is one of te most important features wic
permits )TE to acieve te main goals! increase user
trougput wic is important for media services, acieve
spectrum fle"i'ility, and te future view in e"tended multi*
antenna deployments&
Tis feature provides peak data rates up to $4'ps wic are
e"pected from 'andwidts of $##3D( 576& )TE release $# C9
permits te )TE radio interface to 'e configured for up to five
carriers, of any different 'andwidt wic can 'e related to
any fre.uency 'and& 0ote tat in tis release 'ot te
downlink and uplink can 'e configured completely
independently& For e"ample downlink can aggregate four
carriers wile uplink can aggregate two carriers, 'ut te 'asic
limitation tat te num'er of uplink carriers cannot e"ceed te
num'er of downlink carriers& 2o tere are two types of carrier
aggregations 5865?65$76 sown in Fig& >!
$- +ntra*'and! wic consist of intra*'and contiguous,
intra*'and non*contiguous 5$#6
7- +nter*'and
Figure >! Te difference 'etween two types of carrier
aggregations ,intra and inter 'and- 5865?65$76
2.1.+ Layered ',-MA
Te main difference 'etween )TE and )TE*advanced wic
will 'e concentrated on in tis paper is te layered
environment of )TE advanced and especially in uplink
structure& Te support of layered environments elps in
acieving ig data rate ,ig trougput-, Eo2, or widest
coverage according to respective radio environments suc as
macro, micro, indoor, and otspot cells&
+n a layered structure, te entire system 'andwidt comprised
of multiple 'asic fre.uency 'locks& Te 'andwidt of te 'asic
fre.uency 'lock is, $?F7# 3D(& )ayered @F/39 radio
access sceme in )TE*9 will ave a layered transmission
'andwidt, support of layered environments and control signal
formats& )et1s descri'e ow tis cange affects te uplink
reference signals and wat appened to acieve te previous
features&
2.1.. Evolution of uplink reference signals in LTE
release 1/ layered ',-MA
+n tis section, we will descri'e te 'asic structure of te
release $# for uplink /3;2 and 2;2& +n ;elease $#, te
uplink /3*;2s are evaluated to support uplink 2U*3+3@
transmission wit up to four spatial layers 5$86, so tey are
multiple"ed togeter to ena'le cannel estimation of eac
layer at e0odeB 5>65?6& ;elease $# 2;2s allow for uplink
sounding transmission from all te uplink antenna ports,
wic is needed in order to ena'le all te spatial dimensions of
te cannel to 'e sounded and provide improved support for
cannel sounding 5>65?6&
2.1...1.Evolution of uplink demodulation reference
signals -M#0
Tere are 'asic differences 'etween te uplink reference*
signal transmission and downlink reference*signal
transmission due to te importance of low cu'ic metric and
corresponding ig power*amplifier efficiency& Te e"act
position of te single PU2CD /3*;2 sym'ol in eac uplink
slot depends on weter a normal or e"tended CP is used& +n
te case of transmission, a demodulation reference signal in
PU2CD cannel is done witin te fourt sym'ol of eac
uplink slot if tis cannel as a normal cyclic prefi" and te
tird sym'ol in te case of e"tended cyclic prefi" 5?65G65$>6
are sown in Fig& ?&
Figure ?! /escription of te demodulation reference signal
transmission in PU2CD in two cases! normal and e"tended
cyclic prefi" 5?6
+n te case of transmission a demodulation reference signal in
te PUCCD cannel, te e"act position of reference signal
sym'ols, depend on different PUCCD formats 5G65A6&
0ote, owever, tat te lengt of te reference*signal
se.uence sould 'e e.ual to te used 'andwidt in te
PU2CDCPUCCD transmission and sould 'e a multiple of $7,
'ecause tis transmission was done in terms of a resource
'lock wic consists of $7 su'carriers& /ue to tis, we use so*
called HadoffFCu se.uences 5G6 to generate te reference
signal se.uence and at te same time provide mecanisms to
ortogonali(e multiple /3;2 transmitted in 3+3@ spatial
multiple"ing scemes&
To support a large num'er of user e.uipment we need to
generate a uge num'er of reference signal se.uences
- ,
- ,
,
n r
v u

, so we define tem 'y a cyclic sift

of a 'ase
se.uence
- ,
,
n r
v u
according to!
;2
sc ,
- ,
,
# -, , - , - n n r e n r
v u
n .
v u
< =

,$-
Iere!
{ } 7: ,&&&, $ , # u
! refer to 8# reference*signal se.uences of
eac se.uence lengt&
v
! 'ase se.uence num'er witin te group&
# = v
: tis means one reference*signal se.uence,
corresponding to a transmission 'andwidt of five resource
'locks or less&
$ , # = v
! tis means two reference*signals, corresponding to
a transmission 'andwidt of si" resource 'locks or more&
;B
sc
;2
sc
/ - =
: is te lengt of te /3;2 se.uence, m is
te resource 'lock num'er and
;B
sc
/
is te su'carrier
num'er witin eac resource 'lock&
- ,
,
n r
v u
: is te 'ase se.uence wose definition depends on
te se.uence lengt& Ie can distinguis two cases!
0ase se)uences of length
;B
sc
8/
or larger! te
'ase se.uence is defined 'y!
;2
sc
;2
HC ,
# -, mod , - , - n / n % n r
) v u
< =
,7-
( ) $ # ,
;2
HC
- $ ,
;2
HC
=
+

/ e %
/
)
.
)

,8-
were
( ) %
)
is te
t
)
root of te Hadoff*Cu
se.uence& Te lengt
;2
HC
/
of te Hadoff*Cu
se.uence, considering tat
;2
sc
;2
HC
- / <
0ase se)uences of length less than
;B
sc
8/
! in tis
case te 'ase se.uence will 'e defined 'y te
e.uation!
$ # , - ,
;2
sc
> - ,
,
= - n e n r
n .
v u

,>-
were te value of
- ,n
is given in ta'les in 5G6
Te main difference 'etween )TE release $# and release A is
supporting uplink multi*antenna transmission ,up to four
antennas-, tis means tat we dealt wit multi*antenna
precoding including spatial multiple"ing, wic was
introduced in )TE release $#& 9s descri'ed a'ove, one
demodulation reference signal in eac slot is needed wen
dealing wit one layer, 'ut )TE release $# supports te
transmission of up to four spatially multiple"ed layers in
parallel& Tis means tat we sould 'e a'le to transmit up to
four demodulation reference signals from te user e.uipment&
Tese parallel multiple reference signals can 'e generated in
different ways according to two main rules!
Te generated multiple ortogonal reference signals
uses different pase rotations ,cyclic sifts-& Tis
means tat Cyclic 2ifts ,C2s- of te /3*;2 'ase
se.uence are used to multiple" te /3*;2s for
different layers& Te cyclic sift

in a slot
s
n
is given as
$7 7
cs,
n =
wit !
( ) ( ) n r # n - r
v u
- ,
,
- , ;2
sc
- ,
PU2CD
- ,


= +
,?-
were
( ) - , -, , , ,
s P0
- , - 7 ,
/3;2,
- $ ,
/3;2
n n # n n

are given in 5G6&

@'viously, tere are $7 usa'le C2 values in total for
/3;2 in )TE uplink, 'ut 'ecause of aving a
ma"imum of four layers in uplink transmission we
use te ma"imum four separate values wic are
determined in Ta'le 3apping of Cyclic 2ift Field
given in 5G6&
/ivide eac reference signal se.uence into two
different reference signals 'y using ortogonal cover
codes ,@CC-, to te two reference*signal
transmissions witin a su'frame& Tis means tat two
lengt ortogonal cover codes ,@CC- are applied to
te two /3*;2 sym'ols in te two slots of one
su'frame to separate te multiple"ed /3*;2s&
2.1...2. Evolution of 1plink 0ounding #eference
0ignals2
9s we know, te main goal from sounding reference signals
,2;2- wic are transmitted on te uplink 'y mo'ile terminals
,UEs- is as sown in Fig& J to allow for te 'ase station
,e0odeB- to estimate te uplink cannel state wic can 'e
used for sceduling and link adaption, determine cannel
.uality, and timing advance at different fre.uencies&
2;2 transmission can 'e divided into two types of
transmissions for te )TE uplink! periodic 2;2 transmission
and aperiodic 2;2 transmission 5>65?6&
Figure J! 2;2 position in te PUCCD su'frame and user
diversity according to te com' 5>65J6
The first one as 'een availa'le from )TE release A,
transmitted in te last sym'ol of a su'frame or can also 'e
transmitted witin te UpPT2 in te T// operation 5$>6 5$?6&
Te structure of 2;2 can 'e descri'ed in two domains! +n te
time domain, 2;2 can transmit periodically 'ased on e0B
sceduling, so it can 'e transmitted every 7 C ? C$# C 7# C ># C
A# C $J# C 87# ms as defined in 5A6&
+n te fre.uency domain, 2;2 'andwidts are always a
multiple of four resource 'locks& To know te possi'le
configurations for 2;2 in te case of te num'er of ;Bs, it is
possi'le to go 'ack to te ta'les defined in 5G6& For e"ample,
wit a system 'andwidt of G# ;Bs, we sould ceck Ta'le
?&?&8&7*8 were tere are A possi'le configurations& Iit
C2;2 K >, te 2;2 for a UE can occupy > ;Bs, A ;Bs, $J
;Bs, or up to >A ;Bs, so multiple UEs sare te ;Bs in te
fre.uency domain&
The second one was introduced in )TE release $#! Ie can
note tat te static configuration of 2;2 transmission is
infle"i'le, in te case tat 2;2 resources can1t 'e used for data
transmission, te terminal eiter transmits 2;2 or leaves te
uplink sym'ol 'lank tat 'ased on te received instruction
from 'ase station so user e.uipment configures its uplink
transmission accordingly& Fle"i'ility is acieved 'y using
dynamically triggering user e.uipment to determine if it
sould send 2;2 or tis sym'ol for data& ;elease $#
introduces te possi'ility of dynamically triggering aperiodic
2;2 transmissions via te Pysical /ownlink Control
CDannel ,P/CCD-, so no 2;2 transmission will actually 'e
carried out until te user e.uipment is e"plicitly triggered to
do so 'y an e"plicit 2;2 trigger on P/CCD& Tere are two
types of triggers 5J6!
$- Trigger type #! responsi'le for ;;C*configured
periodic 2;2s&
7- Trigger type $! responsi'le for aperiodic 2;2
transmissions& 9s an e"ample! For trigger type $
and /C+ format >! Tere were tree different 2;2
parameters wic could 'e distinguised wen te
configuration of aperiodic 2;2 was done ,like
fre.uency position of te 2;2 transmission, cyclic
sift, com', etc&5J6-& Te fourt com'ination simply
indicates tat no 2;2 sould 'e transmitted& P/CD
information wic arrives to te user e.uipment as
two 'its responsi'le for descri'ing four states as
sown in ta'le $ 5A6!
Tale 12 0#0 request value for trigger type 1 in -%3
format $ 456
Value of SRS
request feld
Description
00 No type 1 SRS trigger
01 The 1st SRS parameter
set confgured by
higher layers
10 The 2nd SRS
parameter set
confgured by higher
layers
11 The 3rd SRS parameter
set confgured by
higher layers
Tis process can 'e summari(ed as follows te 'ase station
,e0odeB- is sent dynamical trigger via te Pysical /ownlink
Control CDannel ,P/CCD- to give te user e.uipment an
order to transmit a sounding reference signal ,2;2- werein
tere is a predefined uplink sym'ol as /FT2*@F/3 sym'ol
in te uplink su'frame and tis process is sown in Fig& G&
Figure G! Process of coosing te case of predefined uplink
sym'ol for 2;2 signal 5J6
0ote te situation wen te cannel canges rapidly due to
time*variation and fre.uency selectivity of te cannel& Tis
means tat 2;2 transmission is re.uired more fre.uently&
+n general, 2;2 is transmitted 'y te UE using a known 'ase
se.uence, so 2;2 uses te same Hadoff*Cu se.uence
( ) ( ) n r n r
!
v u
!
- ,
,
-
L
,
2;2
L
=
5G6, similar to U) demodulation
reference signal ,/3 ;2- were
u
is te PUCCD se.uence*
group num'er and

is te 'ase se.uence num'er and cyclic

sift
!
L
of te sounding reference signal is given as!

cs
2;2
7
A
, !
!
n
=
%
%
!"
cs cs
2;2 2;2
ap
A
modA
, !
!
n n
/

= +


%
%
#" Iere!
{ }
ap
#,$,&&&, $ ! / %
{ } G , J , ? , > , 8 , 7 , $ , #
cs
2;2
= n
is configured separately
for periodic 2;2 and eac configuration of aperiodic sounding
'y te iger*layer
ap
/
! te num'er of antenna ports used for sounding
reference signal transmission&
2ounding reference signal can 'e multiple"ed in multiple
dimensions to serve different user e.uipment transmissions 5>6
5?6 5J6!
$- Tie1 2;2 transmissions can 'e interleaved into
different su'frames wit su'frame offsets as referred
previously&
7- 2re)uenc"1 'y transmitting 2;2s in different
resource 'locks&
8- 3"clic shifts1 Cyclic sift multiple"ed signals, so
several UEs ,up to A- can transmit using different
cyclic sifts on te same pysical radio resource& +t
can 'e used to generate different 2;21s tat are
ortogonal to eac oter& Tat also appens 'y
assigning different pase rotations to different user
e.uipment, so multiple 2;21s will transmit in te
same su'frame and different layers&
>- Transission co' in the distri'uted transission1
anoter way to allow for 2;2 to 'e simultaneously
transmitted from different user e.uipment to increase
te facilities is sown in Fig& A& Eac 2;2 only
occupies every second su'carrier, so two terminals
can 'e fre.uency multiple"ed 'y assigning tem to
different fre.uency sifts or in oter words two
different com's are availa'le ,even and odd
su'carriers in eac set-&
Figure A! 3ultiple dimensions of sounding reference signal to
serve different user e.uipment transmissions 5?65J6
2.2 %onclusions
)TE 9dvanced will 'e standardi(ed in te 84PP specification
;elease $# and will 'e designed to meet te >4 re.uirements
as defined 'y +TU& Tis tecni.ue will 'e acieved 'y
integrating te e"isting networks, new networks, services and
terminals to suit te escalating user demands, Te tecnical
features of )TE*9 may 'e summari(ed wit te word
integration& Te purpose of tis work is to sow te difference
'etween )TE ,release A- and )TE advanced ,release $#- wic
can 'e summari(ed in te following points!
2tudy uplink pysical layer of )TE and )TE*
advanced 'ased on 84PP specifications& Firstly te
main differences 'etween two tecnologies were
e"plained& 9n asymmetric wider transmission
'andwidt is used to acieve re.uired peak data rate,
relay tecnology, wic is one of te enanced
tecni.ue to e"tend coverage area of ig data rates,
coordinated multiple point transmission and reception
,Co3P-, wic increases te trougput and
decreases te interference on te cell edges and
support fast andover, carrier aggregation ,C9-,
wic permits )TE to acieve te main goals& Tese
are to increase user trougput, acieve spectrum
fle"i'ility, and te future view in e"tended multi*
antenna deployments, enanced multi*antenna
transmission tecni.ues using larger num'er of
antennas to acieve te trougput of $ 4'ps, and
layered @F/39 using layered pysical cannel
structure wit adaptive multi*access control to
support layered environments and to acieve ig
commonality wit )TE&
Ten + focused on te task of uplink reference signals
structure evolution wic consists of demodulation
reference signals and sounding reference signals&
+n addition to information availa'le from oter papers, + tink
tat tis document provides a 'etter view a'out te main
difference of )TE*advanced and te evaluation in uplink
reference signals 'y collecting all tese aspects in one paper,
wic is not commonly pu'lised in oter papers&
For future work, tis researc can continue studying te
evolution of Enanced 3ulti*antenna Transmission
Tecni.ues and detailed description a'out te canges in
pysical uplink sared cannel and pysical uplink control
cannel&
Ackno!ledgements
Tis paper was supported 'y te internal pro=ect FEKT*2*$$*
$7 3@BM2&
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