A/L ICT : 1.

2 TECHNOLOGY FOR INFORMATION

Disadvantages of Mana! "#ste$s
"!o%ness
&n'e!ia(i!it#
Ina))'a)#
Not D'a(!e
Ris* of Loss +fi'e,t-eft.



Time
It is much time consuming (record keeping)
Searching is time taking (files)
Transmission takes time (fax)

Management
Often the books are lost
No proper records kept
Lots of Manual labor is required

Sharing
ant share information b! "orkers
#uplication of data occurs

Risks
If records book is lost data "ill be completel! lost
Space taken b! filling cabinets
$and "ritten data not al"a!s reliable
$uman errors can be a problem


Think of a business which uses manual methods and an automated business. Where would you work? Why?
Do you think a business using computers to manage data is more efficient in services?
Compare manual and automated business advantages and disadvantages.
ELECTRONIC OFFICE PAPER LESS COMMUNICATIONS E ORL! / EN0IRONMENT
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EMERGENCE OF IT ERA
%ifth generation computers (&LSI) "ere build in '(()s
The prices became lo" that e*er!one could o"n a computer+
omputer soft"are de*eloped for e*er! field of business
The e*olution of Internet made a rapid gro"th in computer applications
omputers became a part of dail! life
omputers impro*ed education, health, business, transport and agriculture -
.*olution of omputers

omputers bet"een '(/0 and '(1( usuall! regarded as 2first generation2 and are based on "a#"es an$
%ire circuits& The! are characteri3ed b! the use of punched cards and *acuum *al*es+ 4ll programming
"as done in machine code+ The! "ere mainl! used for scientific purposes+ In '(10 there "ere '))
computers in the "orld+

omputers built bet"een '(1( and '(5/ are often regarded as 2Second 6eneration2 computers, based
on transistors an$ 'rinte$ circuits 7 resulting in much smaller computers+ More po"erful, the second
generation of computers could handle interpreters such as %O8T84N (for science) or O9OL (for
business), that accepting .nglish7like commands, and so "ere much more flexible in their applications+
$ence the uses of computers gre" rapidl! due to their applications in business and science+

Computers built between 1!"# and 1!$ are often regarded as %Third &eneration% computers' they are
based on the first integ'ated )i')its +IC. ( creating even smaller machines. Typical of such machines
was the )*+ ,"0 series mainframe' while smaller minicomputers began to open up computing to
smaller businesses. *anks begin to computeri-e hence business improved.

Computers built after 1!$ are often called %fourth generation% computers. They are based
$i)'o1'o)esso's. This made spread of computers high and cost reduced.

./0W12D3 4 /5)6C' )*+ ,000' 6778/' )71D' 9

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REA"ON" FOR IT TO DE0ELO2






6lobali3ation of .conomies
ross border 9usiness : Tra*el generated lots of data
Impro*ement of communication and infrastructure
9anking and %inancial ser*ices de*elopment
ompetiti*eness of business needed efficienc! : edge
6ro"th of global entertainment business
Technological gro"th in all other fields
Integration of IT into other areas in life
6ro"th of Internet
Need for freedom of communications
hanging Life St!les of Societ!
Socio7.conomic and .n*ironmental Issues
&ive /:amples for each
G!o(a! 0i!!age idea

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Avai!a(i!it# of E!e)t'oni) and ot-e' Te)-no!ogies




T-e e$e'ging te)-no!ogies fo' 2311
+ulti(core and hybrid processors
Cloud Computing
;bi<uitous computing
3ocial networks and social software.
+edia Tablets
+obile 6pplications
3ocial Communications and Collaboration
=irtuali-ation and fabric computing.
Web mashups.
Conte:tual computing.
Conte:t(6ware Computing
3torage Class +emory
/mbedded Computing
5anocharging 3olar
6rtificially structured metamaterials
7ersonali-ed +edical +onitors
Digital +edia 7roduction
6nalytics for business intelligence
6ugmented reality


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MERGING OF IT 4 COMM&NICATION"
The development of communications technologies like internet' broadband' ,&?#&'
wireless etc. enabled remote access and transmission of data making the marriage
between )T and communications which gave birth to )CT.

Evo!tion of 5o'!d 5ide 5e( 555
4lthough ;;; "as in*ented b! computer scientists, its e*olution is a s!nthesis
of omputer Science, <s!cholog!, 4nthropolog!, and Sociolog! and contributions
from hundreds of millions of "eb users= Toda! ;;; has become an intelligent
product= a life st!le and ;;; '+) has >ust become ;;; ?+) and continues to
e*ol*e+

http4??www.tamingthebeast.net?articles"?world(wide(web(evolution.htm
"HORT HI"TORY OF INTERNET 4 555
'(1@ 48<4N.T The A+S+ #epartment of #efense launched the 4d*anced 8esearch <ro>ects 4genc!
(48<4) "hich de*eloped a rudimentar! Internet in the '(5)2s 7 "hat the ;;;
rides on+
'(5's Leonard Bleinrock at MIT packet s"itching theor!
#ouglas .nglebart de*eloped h!perlinking s!stem
'(C)s 8a! Tomlinson de*eloped the first electronic mail s!stem+
9ob Bahn and &int erf de*elop the T<DI< net"orking protocols+
.thernet "as also de*eloped during this decade+
'(@)s

The #omain Name S!stem (#NS) "as introduced in '(@/+
%idonet, the first dialup net"ork E '(@0
4pple launched the first personal computer 7 Stee* Fobbs E '(@/
;orld ;ide ;eb 7 Tim 9erners E '(@(
A/L ICT : 1.2 TECHNOLOGY FOR INFORMATION

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'(()s ?5 public "ebsitesE '((?
Mosaic bro"ser support images 7 Marc 4ndreessen and .ric 9inaE '((0
;eb ra"ler and L!cos 7 The "orld2s first search engines E '((/
Gahoo+com 7 Ferr! Gang and #a*id %ilo
Netscape Na*igator
The first audio streaming ser*ice is released H 8eal4udio E '((1
Feff 9e3os launches 4ma3on+com
e9a! launches,
Internet .xplorer '+) is released+
The Internet had '5 million users "orld"ide+
4ma3on+com E '((5
?1),))) "eb sites
The Internet financial boom E '((5
9logging 7 Forn 9arger E '((C
%lash '+) H Marcomedia H '((C
google+com E '((@
C1),))) commercial "eb sites
<a!<al 7 <eter Thei E '((@
6oto+com 7 <a! <er lick ad*ertising+ '((@
The Internet gre" ro '/C million users "orld"ide+
?)))s ;ikipedia is launched E ?)))
Infamous dot7com bubble burst E ?)))
' billion pages E ?)))
I4NN finali3es ne" TL#s +aero, +bi3, +coop, +info, +museum, +name and +pro E ?)))
'),))),))) domain names registered E ?)))
?),))),))) "eb sites E ?)))
The Internet has 1)) million users
%irefox E ?)))
M!Space E ?)))
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6oogle 4dSense E ?))0+
instant messaging (IM) is generating fi*e billion messages a da!
%acebook E ?))/
4>ax 7 Fesse Fames 6arrett E ?))/
GouTube+com E ?))/
T"itter E ?))5
(? million ;eb sites E ?))5
Spam no" comprises ()I of all enterprise email E ?))C
'+' billion people are using the Internet E?))C
"omen no" outnumber men online E ?))C
hina becomes largest online population in the "orld
o*er '5? million Top Le*el #omain Names (TL#s) E ?))@
6oogle hrome E?))@
C(I of AS consumers purchase online
O*er '))+' million "eb sites E ?))@
The Internet no" has '+1 billion users
O*er ')) billion li*e "eb pages+
%acebook o*erides 6oogle "ith 1))m MembersE ?)')



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Mo(i!e Co$1ting

The developments in wireless communications and portable computers A7D6s'
5etbooks' Tablets' +obile 7hones' and 5otebooksB allow people to work remotely.
The development of mobile computing helped many fields like business' education
scientific research' etc. saving Time' transportation costs and collaboration.


+obile data communication uses Cellular data services A&3+' CD+6 or &723' and
,&?#&B. 3atellite )nternet access can be used in anywhere there is a line of sight to the
satellite%s location. The advantages

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The advantage of mobile computing
+obile computing helps accessing +)3 away from the fi:ed workplace.
)mproves information accessibility
)ncreases operational efficiency
/nhances management effectiveness
6ccess to data <uickly from home' client office or car
)mproved decision making with information
)ncreased productivity and reduced costs
)mproved customer relations
)ncreased collaboration
3aving Time C Costs AWorking from homeB
8ess /nvironmental 7ollution A8ess TransportationB
The disadvantages of mobile computing
3ecurity
Connectivity Costs
8ow *andwidth in some areas
/:plore on )nternet for +obile computing devices
)s +obile phones with internet and email access a mobile computing device.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of synchroni-ing your +6)8 to your phone?
Dow to protect sensitive data from a portable computer?
What are the steps you should take if your mobile phone is lost?