Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1
We should note that since the survey (August 2008), the rate of inflation has increased from 20 to 35% in
Vietnam due to the financial crisis.
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During the first survey in August 2008, it was assessed that some APs who had already been
compensated had lost their productive land for more than 6 months and were waiting for relocation
in the RS. Relocation can take several months during which APs have no income. They have
money due to the compensation they received. However, they cannot start any new activity
because they are waiting to move. In addition, some APs misused the compensation they
received.
It is necessary to provide assistance to APs regarding managing money and ensuring that APs
use the money properly.
APs received an allowance for the transition period for 6 months to provide for loss of income.
However, it is not known how long the transition period will last. If the transition period lasts more
than 6 months, it will be necessary to extend the transition allowance until the RS is ready.
Jobs in the industrial zone
APs want training to be able to be employed in the industrial zone. They want the NSEZ and
NSRP to tell them in which field they should be trained to be able to be employed.
Older APs are very worrying about their future. According to persons met, it will be difficult for
them to find new jobs.
Re-establishment of livelihood
In the plant site, in 2008, most of the HH would have preferred land for land compensation for
residential land (57.3%). Land for land means a plot of land in one of the 3 serviced resettlement
sites. In the pipeline and marine facility areas, most of the HH prefer cash compensation. The RS
situation in 2009 (delays, environmental problems) probably incited APs to make their own
arrangements.
Table 3.43 Preferred Form of Compensation
Preferred Form of Compensation
Replacement land Cash Compensation Other Location
Number of
surveyed
HH
HH % HH % HH %
Plant site 171 98 57.3 73 42.7 0 0
Marine facility 267 72 27.0 99 37.1 96 36.0
Pipeline 14 3 21.4 11 78.6 0 0.0
Total 452 173 38.3 183 40.5 96 21.2
Source: Resettlement Due Diligence Report, February 2010
3.2.4.4 Impact on training and recruitment plan of NSEZ
1. Nghi Son economic zone (NSEZ)
Land acquiring for NSEZ development will make thousands of farmers loss agricultural land. In the
NSEZ, there are about 16,780 HHs (65,861 persons) and 44,593 laborers living in 12 communes of
Nghi Son Economic Zone. On this, 11,786 laborers are looking for a job. Among these 11,786 laborers,
2,551 have been trained and 9,235 are unskilled.
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NSEZ Management Board conducted a survey on the labor force in the 3 communes affected by the
project (Hai Yen, Tinh Hai and Mai Lam) and 2 communes (Hai Thuong and Hai Ha) in the vicinity in
April 2008. According to this survey, the number of laborers with training interest is 7,682, of which:
791 laborers have aspiration to follow high vocational college;
2,573 laborers have aspiration to follow intermediate vocational college; and
4,318 laborers to follow primary vocational college.
The survey also shown 1,366 trained laborers are looking for a job, of which:
01 person graduated university;
57 persons graduated higher vocational college;
398 persons graduated intermediate vocational college; and
910 persons graduated primary vocational college.
The above laborers are now working in different provinces in the South. However, if the refinery-
petrochemical complex and other industrial factories need laborers then most of them have to be
retrained.
At present, a center of vocational training college is located in Tinh Gia District. This center is
connected with other vocational colleges at different levels from central to provincial.
Other vocational centers such as Truc Lam Higher Vocational College, Vinashin Shipbuilding College,
and Licogi College of high vocational economics have training programs for laborers who are willing to
work in Nghi Son Economic Zone and Refinery and Petrochemical Project.
2. NSRP LLC
NSRP LLC will implement traning courses for its own employees after recruitment. However, NSRP
LLC will also partially sponsor training programs implemented by local authorities for APs via its
proposed Social Support Program (SSP).
Construction Phase
During the construction phase (2010-2013), 10,000 to 15,000 workers will be required. Most of the
jobs will require specific skills (specialists, engineers, etc.). However, the Project will also need
between 2,000 and 3,000 unskilled workers. This will constitue job opportunity for local people and
especially affected persons.
The construction period will also create a great demand for various services (food, accommodation,
entertainment services, etc.) in order to serve the workers. The construction will generate a 2-3
billion VND turnover/day. Local people and APs could also benefit from this demand by providing
these types of services.
Operation Phase
During the operation phase (from 2014), about 1,000 skilled and unskilled employees will be
employed.
In the middle of 2010, the company will start to recruit and train its staff in Vietnam and overseas.
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Priority will be given to local people if the recruitment requirements are met.
The different types of workers needed are presented in Table 3.44. Workers will be hired only if
they meet the company requirements, such as work experience, English ability, academic
background, etc. The recruitment will be spread over the construction period from 2010 to 2013.
Table 3.44 Tentative recruitment plan for Operation phase
Qualification
No Occupation
Number
(person) Graduated
English
(IELTS)
Background
1 Engineer 450 University 4 - 5
Chemical Engineering, Chemical,
Mechanical, Electrical, Civil, etc
2 Operator 180 College 2
Chemical Engineering, Chemical,
Mechanical, Electrical, etc
3 Technician 40 College 2 Chemical, Mechanical
4 Helper 100
High
School
1 -
5 Non-Technical Staff 80 University 5
Economics & Management, Applied
Mathematics, etc
Source: NSRP-LLC, May 2010
Note 1: Evaluation: Entrance Examination & Interview
Note 2: More than 5 years work experience will be required for Occupations 1, 2, 3 and 5
Table 3.45 Period of recruitment during operation phase
2010 2011 2012 2013
1-3 4-6 7-9 10-12 1-3 4-6 7-9 10-12 1-3 4-6 7-9 10-12 1-3 4-6 7-9 10-12 No Occupation
Operation
1
Engineer (450)
10 40 80 70 70 90 90
2
Operator (180)
90 90
3
Technician (40)
40
4
Helper (100)
100
5
Non-technical
staff (80)
20 20 20 20
Source: NSRP-LLC, May 2010
NSRP will subcontract some services (outsourcing). This will also constitute a source of jobs for local and
affected people. Both skilled and unskilled workers will be required as presented in the following tables.
Table 3.46 Need for skilled workers of contractors
No Occupation Number (person) Recruitment plan
1 Maintenance work 500
2 Fire Fighting 30
From March 2011
3 Marine works 20 From March 2012
4 Clinic 15 From September 2012
Source: NSRP-LLC, May 2010
- Basic Qualifications will be decided by the contractors
- The number hired will be decided by the contractors.
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Table 3.47 Need for unskilled workers of contractors
No Occupation Rough Number Recruitment plan
1 Security 30
2 Canteen 30
3 House keeping 20
From September 2012
Source: NSRP-LLC, May 2010
Note:
- No special qualifications will be required basically
- The number hired will be decided by contractors.
NSRP Project has the potential to create a major significant positive economic impacts on workers
employed during construction as well as their families. This impact will benefit to the local communities
nearby the NSRP Project but will also be extended to other communities in Tinh Gia District, Thanh
Hoa and Nghe An Provinces as well as other regions in Vietnam.
During the construction phase, the Project will create about 20,000 skilled workers and 3,000 unskilled
workers. The construction period will also create a great demand for various services (food,
accommodation, entertainment services, etc.) in order to serve the workers. Local people and APs
could also benefit from this demand by providing these types of services.
In operation phase, NSRP will create 1,000 direct jobs for skilled and unskilled workers. Besides, there
will be 650 indirect jobs through contracts between NSRP and service suppliers.
When the Project comes into operation phase, it will meet more than 40% of total fuel demand of the
country contributing to ensure national energy security and make a foundation for development of
petrochemical industry and other services The Project will contribute to national budget hundreds of
million US dollars every year through taxes.
Support other training programs
NSRP LLC will have partial financial support for some training courses organized by local
authorities through community support activities. The main purpose of the program is to improve
living standard of local community through social projects. The support will be carried out based on
the consultation of local authorities and people. Community support plan may be training, social
activities and contributing to communitys fund.
However, NSRP LLC will not organize training courses for those applying for jobs before
recruitment. NSRP LLC will train only for recruited employees.
3.2.4.5 Land and natural resources
NSEZ has been established in 2006 by a Government Decree to develop the economic potential of
Thanh Hoa Province. NSEZ covers 18,612 ha on 12 communes. The purpose of this economic zone is
to attract more investment projects to the province. Thanh Hoa Province has invested significantly in
NSEZ to develop infrastructures since 2006. The infrastructures comprise traffic-road works, wave
control dykes, deep-water ports, seaport, raw water supply system, resettlement areas, access roads
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etc. Following this Decree, the NSEZ has prepared a Master Plan for the development of the economic
zone including the construction of a Refinery and Petrochemical Complex and port facilities.
NSRP Project will have permanent impacts on the land use, property, and plantations in the Project
Area. Land and natural resource impacts will arise mainly from land take for construction of the refinery
and petrochemical complex (328 ha), the pipeline and road infrastructure (30 ha), and the port facilities
(36 ha), but also from the quarry, borrow pits and disposal area. A total of 394 ha of land will be
required for the Project. Three communes, Hai Yen, Mai Lam and Tinh Hai will be affected by land take.
Agricultural land constitutes the most important land use for these three communes followed by
Forestry land. Land use impacts will affect mostly agriculture, forest planted and residential lands. Key
impacts addressed in this section are therefore:
Loss of agricultural land;
Lost of residential land.
The loss of agricultural and residential lands represents the strongest impacts fell by the affected
population based on the first and the second Stakeholder Meeting and Public Consultation event hold
respectively on 4
th
and 5
th
November 2008 and 27
th
and 28
th
January 2010 for the NSRP Project. Most
of the mitigation and compensation measures are already implemented by the Government of Vietnam
through Thanh Hoa Province People Committee, Tinh Gia District People Committee and Nghi Son
Economic Zone. Recommendations to reduce the impacts associated with land take have been
proposed in the Due Diligence Resettlement Report (February 2010) and will be summarized in this
section of the EIA Report. Only the remaining significant impacts will be presented in that section since
some of the issues (for example: loss of plantation) have been solved by Tinh Gia District Authorities
and agreed with the affected peoples.
3.2.4.6 Loss of agricultural lands to other uses
Project activities
During the pre-construction phase some agricultural lands have been permanently appropriated for the
Project. This area will be used for permanent infrastructure as plant site, pipeline, accommodation for
workers, storage area.
Permanent agricultural lands (including agriculture, forest, marshes) affected by the Project account for
394 ha which represent 75% of the total affected land by the Project. Farmers will see their annual
income significantly reduced by this land take.
Potential impacts
According to the Due Diligence Resettlement Survey, carried out in August-September 2008 amongst
105 households surveyed and affected by land take for the Plant site; 50% of the households surveyed
have lost more than 60% of their agricultural land, and 36% between 31 and 60%. For 58% of the
Households, the remaining land is too small to be viable. Impacts from loss of agricultural land may
include:
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Loss of annual and perennial crops;
Decrease agricultural production due to decrease of agricultural land.
No other land agricultural lands are available in the same commune or the same district to replace all
the affected farmers. More than 73% (Plant Site) of the affected people have agricultural activities as
their main source on income so the impact on the APs will be very strong. Considering the number of
households affected from the loss of agricultural land by the Project and the importance of this
economic activity on their income, the significance of this impact is significant for the affected farmers.
3.2.4.7 Loss of forestry land
Project activities
During the pre-construction phase, some forestry lands are going to be permanently appropriated for
the Project. Forestry lands affected by the Project are located in three communes Hai Yen, Mai Lam
and Tinh Hai, on Chuot Chu mountains. Forestry lands will serve as borrow pits for the current Project
as well as other industrial projects in NSEZ.
Permanent forestry lands affected by the Project account for 199 ha which represent 20.6% of the total
affected land by the Project. The three affected communes have a total of 800 ha of forest planted
lands. Most of the planted forests belong to public owners as Tinh Gia District Forest Company.
Potential impacts
According to the Due Diligence Resettlement Survey carried out in February 2009 amongst 105
households affected by land take for the Plant site and other infrastructure, only one percent of the
Affected Households have Forestry as their primary source of income and two percent as their
secondary source of income. On the other hand, the three affected communes will lose 25% of their
forestry lands.
Since very few households having forestry land as their primary or secondary incomes have been
affected by the Project, this adverse impact is assessed as significantly minor.
3.2.4.8 Loss of residential land
Project activities
During the pre-construction phase some residential lands are going to be permanently appropriated for
the Project purposes. Residential lands affected by the Project are located mainly in three communes
Hai Yen, Mai Lam and Tinh Hai. Residential lands will mainly be used for the plant site, the marine
facilities and the pipeline.
The three affected communes have a total of 146.6 ha of residential lands. Residential lands affected
by the Project account for 39 ha which represent 8% of the total affected land by the Project.
About 90% of APs in the project area have a LURC (Land Use Right Certificate). Some are still waiting
for the issuance of the LURC. No APs without any rights on their land have been found.
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Potential impacts
According to the Due Diligence Resettlement Report prepared in December 2009, around 2,695 HH
(9,000 persons) will be affected by the project. Among these APs, 687 will lose most of their land and
their main houses and will have to relocate in another location. At the time of the report, clearance
already took place in the plant site and APs have been compensated for their productive land.
Structures were not yet compensated.
Due to the number of households affected by the Project, the significance of this adverse impact is
major.
3.2.4.9 Livelihood activities
Project activities
Project development implies the loss of agricultural, forest planted and residential lands. Construction of
the refinery and petrochemical complex and associated facilities will interrupt the economic activities of
households that reside in the Project area and will be displaced but also for families who utilize land
and resources that will be acquired for NSRP LLC.
Potential impacts
Land clearance for the construction of the refinery and petrochemical complex and associated facilities
will affect 2,695 households (9,000 persons) including the relocation of 687 households that will be
directly affected by economic displacement within the Project area. Most of these households will be
permanently impacted by the Project.
In the project area, the average HH monthly income is around 4,200,000 VND. It is higher than the
average income in the North Central Coast (2,100,000 VND) and for all of Vietnam (3,200,000 VND).
However, from an area to another the household income varies from 2,900,000 to 5,700,000 VND. The
secondary source of income contributes to around one third of the total average HH income.
According to the Department of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs of Thanh Hoa Province, (DOLISA),
those living in urban areas who earn VND 450,000 per capita per month (around 2,500,000
VND/HH/month) or less are considered poor. In rural areas, the threshold is 350,000 VND per capita
per month (around 1,800,000 VND/HH/month). Average income in all project areas is higher than the
poverty line.
One of the main concerned related to resettlement is the ability of the affected households to re-
establish household incomes and livelihoods following economic displacement. Most of the project
affected people are involved in farming (61%) and aquaculture (13%) which represents their main
source of income.
3.2.4.10 Education
Each affected commune has its own primary school. Secondary schools can be found in the district
town (Tinh Gia).
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Within 3 years from the date of handling over the site to the project, all pupils from primary school to
high school who have to move and relocate in the resettlement sites will receive 100% of educational
fees and other contributions. So, impacts on education is considered as minor.
Children whose families resettled have to change their school. This move is affected to their study.
However, from now on, they have more time for study (instead of helping their parents in agricultural
works). Adults will recognize that increasing your knowledge is the best way to find out a job so that
more and more people will take part in vocational courses. NSRP Project is a lever to develop NSEZ
economic therefore NSEZ industrialization develops step by step. Job opportunities are increased
gradually for them to do. Kid gardens, schools and vocational centre will be opened to satisfy their
studying demand.
3.2.4.11 Disruption/Damage to Infrastructure and Services
Project activities
NSRP and its contractors will utilize the existing infrastructure and services present in NSEZ. There will
be heavy vehicles on national, provincial and district roads coming to the Project Site. Most of the
earthworks for site leveling carry out by the NSEZ are on going and will be partly completed when the
NSRP will take over the site.
Potential impacts
Prior to the establishment of the Refinery and Petrochemical Complex, NSRP LLC and its contractors
will need to use local infrastructure and services, especially roads and power lines. Since the Project is
located within NSEZ most of the infrastructure and services are adequate and can be used for such
project.
Disruption of existing infrastructures by the Project will adversely cause short term moderate impact to
the local population as well as industrial activities (Nghi Son Cement Factory) and Nghi Son Port
activities.
3.2.4.12 Gender
In accordance with Vietnams Law on Gender Equality, effective July 2007, and the recent decree for
the implementation of law on gender equality (N70/2008/ND, 4 June 2008), the Project interventions
should contribute to promoting gender equity and opportunities for women.
Constitution and law of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam has defined gender equity is an important part
of social equity. Constitution 1992 has affirmed All male and female citizens have equalitarian right on
every field of politics, economy, society, culture and in the family. All actions of differentiation and
abusiveness dignity to the women are strictly forbidden.
Project activities
In Viet Nam, females are generally responsible for a variety of tasks related to household as children
education, family health, water supply, agricultural activities and income generation.
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According to Due Diligence Resettlement Surveys 2008-2009, no significant differences for the level of
education, between men and women head of households, have been noticed. Most of men and women
have a relatively fair level of education (mainly lower secondary). Few women have been identified as
head of households in the Project area.
At the local level, the focal role of gender is undertaken by the Womens Union (WU), there is
organizational structure operated widely from central to provincial, district, commune and village levels.
The WUs of different levels are authorized to officially represent women's interests and voice in national
and local decision-making processes; it receives regular financial support from the state. Women
among affected HH are strongly involved in the WU: more than 90% of women surveyed are involved in
the WU.
Women in the Project area join in all economic activities (agriculture, aquaculture, salty production and
forestry). Moreover, they are also responsible for housework and breed cattle for home economics.
Potential impacts
There are many job opportunities for local women in the construction phase which contributes to
improve and keep stable income source.
Refinery and Petrochemical Development including associated facilities will result in the residential
relocation (or physical displacement) of 687 households (2,800 people). Most of the relocated
households are located in Mai Lam, Hai Yen and Tinh Hai Communes.
Given their large responsibilities in regard to the family, women will be greatly affected specifically by
the relocation of households.
3.2.4.13 Indirect employment and local procurement opportunities
Project activities
NSRP LLC and its contractors will rely on numerous vendors and service providers to meet the daily
operating needs of the Project and also the domestic needs of its employees. In addition, the Project
will induce secondary/tertiary economic activity due the immigration of people from outside the Project
area who will require housing, food, and other supplies.
Potential impacts
Construction of the NSRP Project will create a range of sustained indirect economic opportunities at
local, provincial and national levels. Local sourcing of goods and services will result in revenues for
local businesses and entrepreneurs, provided they can offer sufficient quality and reliability and can
meet Project standards, particularly on health, safety and environment.
There is a risk that local people could be excluded from direct employment benefits because of low
education and technical skill levels. The recent experience from Nghi Son Cement Factory shows that
very few local workers have been employed permanently at the site. The Socio-economic survey
carried during the Due Diligence Resettlement Survey indicates that more than 70% of the surveyed
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households are interested to find a job in Nghi Son economic zone. In the same time, more than 77% of
the surveyed households want to be trained to get a new job.
The period corresponding to the end of the construction phase and the start of the operation could be
difficult for the local communities since the workforce will be reduced by more than 70%.
3.2.4.14 Fisheries
In coastal communes and Nghi Son peninsula, most of residents are living by fishery (80-90%). The
remaining is salt-making, aquaculture, trading and agriculture. According to the statistical data from
local authorities, total fishing boats along coastal areas is given in 3.48.
Table 3.48 Number of fishing boats of coastal communities
No Coastal commune Number of boat/ship Capacity (HP/unit)
1 Hai Thuong 52 6 12
2 Hai Yen 6 6
3 Hai Ha 189 40-90
4 Tinh Hai 44 12
5 Nghi Son 217 40-90
Source: Commune People Committee, 2009
In Nghi Son commune, there are 479 floating fish-cages (4,780m
2
) to feed typical fish such as
Lutjanus.sp (Ca Hong), Cephalopholis nigripinnis (ca Mu) and Lutjanidae erythropterus (ca Hanh) are in
Nghi Son sea area.
Potential impact
In the construction phase, the marine construction activities of SPM, crude pipeline, harbor, breakwater,
intake water, outfall system as well dredging activities will significantly reduce fishing areas and disturb
local fishing. The total surface area prohibited for fishing activities is 298 ha at Nghi Son bay. It is noted
that the harbor construction will occupy nearshore fishing ground of local fishermen (see figure below).
In addition, the project shipping activities for the transportation of construction materials, construction
barges at the harbor will increase the shipping density at Nghi Son bay and might interrupt fishing boat
access of local fishermen living in Nghi Son commune. The impact level is assessed as medium.
In operation phase, crude oil offloading at SPM and product exporting at jetties will cause long-term
impact on local fisheries. Crude oil offloading by offshore pipeline takes at least 24 hours and there are
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33 large ships mooring at SPM per year. In case SPM is out of work, crude oil from 300,000 DWT ship
will be transferred to 30,000 DWT ship, then led to the harbor. This activity makes number of vessels in
this area (from SPM to the harbor) more increase.
Appearance of sub-marine constructions such as PLEM and 33.5 km paralleled pipelines may be
affected by anchoring of fishing boats or using illegally mines which usually occur in Nghi Son gulf.
As designed, intake channel with 350m in width and 70m in length is constructed between two
breakwaters. Therefore operation of intake system of the project will not cause any effect to shipping
activities in the area.
The presence of effluent discharge system on the sea bottom at the distance of 6km far from the shore
will not cause effect to shipping activities in the area due to all discharge system is buried under the sea
bottom at suitable depth and only discharge outlets are installed at distance of 1m above sea bottom.
However, the presence of discharge outlets on the sea bed and marine facilities will decrease 193ha
surface water of coastal fishing area.
There is no aquacultural activity at project area and location of fishing cages of Nghi Son commune is
toward to the south about 5-6km far from project area. Therefore, normal operation of marine facilities,
intake and discharge system do not cause effect to aquacultural area.
In the case of oil spill occur, it is potential severe impact to shallow water and fishing activities of Nghi
Son gulf and the vicinity. The unloading crude at SPM and regular product loading at harbour will cause
long tern impact to fishing activity in the area.
At Nghi Son gulf, high density of crude and product tankers going in and out of harbour will disturb local
fishing boats and cause high potential risk of shipping collision between tanker and fishing boats. The
impact level is considered as major and long term.
3.2.4.15 Access restrictions and diversions
Project activities
The Project will require acquisition of land and access roads used by local communities for daily
activities and access to services. Directly affected people will be compensated for the loss of lands,
assets and income related to land acquired for the Project; however there will be restrictions to access
within the project area during the construction activities.
Project construction activities will loss access route connecting from Hai Binh and Tinh Hai to road 513,
causing difficulties for local economic development and job opportunities of Hai Binh and Tinh Hai
people. These areas of the EZ will not be connected to the center of EZ until new road is built to
replace.
Potential impacts
The Project construction activities will result in changes in access routes in Tinh Hai, Hai Yen and Mai
Lam Communes. At least, one of these routes is important for the local population and deserves the
centre of Hai Yen, Tinh Hai and Hai Binh Communes, given also access to the south to Hai Thuong,
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Hai Ha and Nghi Son Communes. This road is also a short cut to reach Tinh Gia Town, the centre of
the district, by reducing the distance by 4 km.
Two earth roads given access to agricultural lands for the local population will also be located within the
Refinery site.
The significance of this adverse impact is major for the local population since they will loss direct
access to the centre of their communes and services (school, health centre), affect economic activities
along the road (businesses) and increase travel distance to get access to their current economic and
social activities. Moreover, it may be quite difficult for the population living north of the Project to get
access rapidly to employment for NSRP Project during the construction.
There is a positive impact to this situation. The traffic in Hai Binh village should be reduced and
especially for heavy vehicle. Road safety should then be indirectly improved in this village.
3.2.4.16 Impact on health
Health Impact Assessment is considered for the workers and community as follows:
Workers who work in projects onshore and offshore
Community living nearby the Project.
Mai Lam, Hai Yen and Tinh Hai communes with around 1,582 households will be affected by the
project. Among these affected persons, about 1,004 households will lose most of their land and their
main houses and will have to relocate in resettlement location. The rest will be impacted by the project
activities during the construction phase,
Project activities
The immigration of thousand of workers for the construction period and construction activities is the
main source of health impacts
Potential impacts
The displacement of those currently living on the site could lead to health impacts associated with
disruption to their communities and the loss of agricultural land and the loss of income. The inward
migration of large numbers of workers and their family into the area are likely to increase the risks of
infectious disease, gastro-intestinal illnesses, injuries, traffic accidents and psychological disorders
including stress. There will also be health impacts associated with the greater demands on the areas
infrastructure and the general increase in affluence. The physical processes of construction and
operation of the Complex will create impacts on traffic, air quality, waste management and water quality
that will in turn result in potential human health impacts.
In the absence of appropriate mitigation, the overall risks to health from infectious diseases are likely to
be significant for both workers and the local community. The proposed mitigation measures to limit the
spread of infection among workers, control vector populations, provide clean water, implement high
standards of food hygiene and address the risks associated with STDs will substantially reduce the
risks to health. The impact of infectious illnesses on the health of some workers and some members of
the local population would still be significant but risks of contracting a serious infectious illness will be
low for most individuals.
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The non-infectious illnesses arising from the Project are likely to include stress, substance abuse,
violence and possible occupational illness. These effects will arise during the construction phase and
continue into the operational phase of the Project, at lesser extend, although the exact effects will
evolve as the workforce and nature of operations change.
Stress, substance abuse and violence are likely to be of greatest importance during the construction
phase. These effects will be largely controlled by planned mitigation measures. Some individuals are
particularly prone to these types of ill health and although the risks of significant effects are minor for
most of the population, they will be moderate for a small proportion of both workers and local residents.
3.2.4.17 Impact on poverty
Project activities
Poverty levels in the Project area are relatively high. According to The Department of Labor, Invalids
and Social Affairs of Thanh Hoa Province, (DOLISA), in 2007, among the 7,704 households in the 5
communes in which there are three effected communes by project, 2,299 (29.3%) are poor households.
The poverty incidence has however decreased from 33% to 29.3% between 2006 and 2007. In the
whole district the poverty incidence was 26% in 2007.
The project is expected to create an average of 22,000 jobs during the construction period and around
33,000 for the peak of the construction period. In addition, the Project will contribute indirectly to create
100,000 jobs in the Project area through business development. These activities will require many un-
skill workers
Potential impacts
The creation of a large number of jobs during construction activities of the Project should contribute
greatly to the reduction of poverty not only in the affected communes but also in NSEZ (12 communes)
and Tinh Gia District.
3.2.4.18 Economic activities
Project Activities
The Complex will enhance the development of a series other industries such as production of
construction materials, light industry, production of home appliances, transportation, tourism, services,
etc., and will create many kind of jobs for 150,000 to 200,000 jobs during the operation period.
NSRP will rely on numerous vendors and service providers to meet the daily operating needs of the
Project and also the domestic needs of its employees. Project employees will likely enjoy a high income
level which will contribute to the demand for local products and services.
Potential Impacts
The implementation of Refinery and Petrochemical Complex will create a range of sustained indirect
economic opportunities at local, provincial and national levels. Local sourcing of goods and services will
result in revenues for local businesses and entrepreneurs, provided they can offer sufficient quality and
reliability and can meet Project standards, particularly on health, safety and environment.
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In construction phase, the Project will create about 20,000 jobs for skilled workers and 3,000 jobs for
unskilled worker. Local services such as food, entertainment, accommodation will also develop to
supply for demand of these work force. This is an opportunity for local people to change job from
agriculture to industry and other services.
In operation phase, NSRP will create 1,000 direct jobs for skilled and unskilled workers. Besides, there
will be 650 indirect jobs through contracts between NSRP and service suppliers.
In construction and operation phase, NSRP will recruit a number of skilled workers and foreign
engineers for operating the plant. However, the quantity of these employees are limitted to ensure
creating job opportunities for national and local employees. NSRP LLC commits to strictly obey the
Vietnamese labor Law in recruiting project employees and will not recruit non-skilled foreign people for
NSRP.
When the Project comes into operation phase, it will meet more than 40% of total fuel demand of the
country contributing to ensure national energy security and make a foundation for development of
petrochemical industry and other services The Project will contribute to national budget hundreds of
million US dollars every year through taxes.
3.2.4.19 Infrastructure and Service
Project activities
NSRP will utilize the existing infrastructure and services present in NSEZ during the operation.
However, most of the import/export activities will be done through the new harbor facilities. There will
also be additional heavy vehicles on national, provincial and district roads coming to the Project Site
and going to the consumers.
Potential impacts
The Project will aim to result in no reduction in the quality, quantity or availability of existing local
infrastructure. The Refinery and Petrochemical Complex will operate its own power plant as well as
water supply and water treatment system. Moreover, NSRP will operate its own port for product export.
Importation of oil from Kuwait will come directly from the sea through a Single Point Mooring Station
and a pipeline system.
Minor adverse impact is anticipated for the operation period due to the increase of traffic on local roads,
Provincial Road 513 and National Highway 1A.
Improvements to roads and provision of new community infrastructure such as school are expected to
offset any long-term impacts associated with infrastructure and services that may arise from the Project.
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3.2.5 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL ACCIDENTS CAUSED BY PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
3.2.5.1 Fire and Explosion
Potential source
Fire & explosion risks including the accidental release of syngas (containing carbon monoxide and
hydrogen), oxygen, methanol, and refinery gases from process operation will cause serious accident,
even catastrophic accidents. Potential sources of fire and explosion of NSRP are identified from as
follows:
Process units: CDU, LPG Recovery and Treatment Unit; KHDS, GOHDS, RHDS, RFCC, PPU,
SHU and Ind Alk, HMU, HCDS, NAC;
Storage Tanks and pumping system;
Fuel gas system;
Berth Area;
Spheres;
Propane loading;
Fuel Gas system.
Potential impacts
Based on the Coarse Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) report for NSRP Refinery and
Petrochemical Complex Project - August 2009 [13] undertaken by ABS Consulting Limited, the
explosion risk to the workers is dependent on the protection afforded by various building as is thus
dependent on building types. All the occupied buildings at this site have very low explosion risk. The
over-pressure results are all lower than the anticipated damage from a 10
-4
per year explosion
scenario. Operator Shelter in the Jetty Area falls within the ALARP range for which mitigation should be
considered to reduce the risks to as low as reasonably practicable. All the other occupied buildings are
considered to be exposed to negligible risk from fire and explosion events.
For the buildings at the site, there are a number of buildings at the site that require risk reduction
measures. This includes 13 buildings where risk mitigation must be undertaken and 19 buildings where
risk mitigation should be considered, and implemented as necessary, in order to demonstrate that the
buildings risk status is ALARP. Even though the explosion risk at NSRP is low, it is recommended that
best industrial practice should be used and building classification not be downgraded based on the
results of this risk assessment
For the societal risks, the village is considered to have approximately 320 dwellings with 5 people each
on average. The construction of the dwellings is assumed to be basic, affording little protection from
fire or toxic gas ingress. The F-N curve shows that the societal risks to the village population from the
NSRP are unacceptable (Figure 3.13).
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Figure 3.13 F-N Curve (Road users and villagers)
Notes:
The risk levels in the F-N curve are represented as follows:
- Red Region: Unacceptable;
- Yellow & Green Region: Acceptable according to UK HSE document R2P2 definition;
- Green Region: A conservative acceptability criteria used by some companies.
For the local commune to the East of the site (Area C)
The risk to the village population, both in terms of individual and societal is unacceptable. Assuming
that the site location has been decided, the risk from the NSRP site to the village population are
such that reasonable measures of reducing risks to an acceptable level could be impractical. The
Societal risks can be reduced by reducing the population and reducing the frequency and
magnitude of hazards from the site. However, the risk assessment here does not take account of
the fact that the village is in the middle of wooded area which is susceptible to fire escalation. In
light of this relocation of the village to a safer place should be given a serious consideration.
For the Road to the South of the plant (Area B)
The societal risks, excluding the village to the east (Area C) are shown to within the acceptable
band of values. This implies that the numbers of fatalities at the road from hazards from NSRP site
are not likely to be excessive. However the Individual Risk is greater than the acceptance criteria
for the general population and therefore risk reduction measures should be considered where cost
effective.
The Location Specific Individual Risk (LSIR) shows that the maximum LSIR at the 513 road area is
5x10
-3
/year. The occupancy ratio considered for the 513 road is 0.006 based on the traffic moving
at 60 km/hour and any one individual traveling twice a day, six days per week across the site on
this road. Therefore, the maximum individual risk at the road is 3x10
-5
/year which corresponds to
the ALARP region based on the risk tolerability criteria.
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In order to mitigate these risks, NSRP will establish an Emergency Response Plan for different
scenarios and mobilize human resource as well as response equipment to avoid/prevent environmental
risk and societal risks.
When spheres containing LPG and Propylene are in danger, all gases in the spheres will be released
and routed to HC Flare system to burn for safe of the Plant.
3.2.5.2 Toxic gas leakage
Potential source
Potential sources for toxic gas release are from following process units: CDU, SWS, ARU, SRU, RFCC,
GOHDS, KHDS and RHDS unit.
Potential impact
During the operation phase, workers may be exposed to chemical hazards (through inhalation, or
contact with chemical or catalysts). The risk of caustic and chloroethane in process may result in
occupational health for workers such as personnel injury, cancer, odor nuisance, etc. The chemical
hazards during process activities cause Workers occupational health.
Based on Toxic Gas (H
2
S) Dispersion modeling results for the 150mm hole size run by ABS Consulting
Limited [Ref.13], the ERPG-2 and 3 contours to the Amine Acid gas on the SRU unit considering a
150mm hole size release is presented in Figure 3.14.
Figure 3.14 ERPG-2 and ERPG-3 Contours to the Amine Acid Gas on the SRU Unit
In the case of H
2
S release at the ERPG-3 on the SRU unit, the health risk distance to project workers is
in the range of plant boundary and Coc Mountain. While at the ERPG-2, health risk distance is over
plant boundary in the range of 1,702m.
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3.2.5.3 Hydrocarbon Spills
Potential source
When project comes into operation phase, offloading crude at SPM, presence of crude pipeline under
sea water, loading refinery products at harbor and shipping activities are the main sources of oil/refined
product spills. Following oil spill scenarios are chosen for oil drift modeling:
1. Oil spill at SPM
2. Crude pipeline interruptive
3. Shipping collision at access channel or at harbor area
During the loading/unloading period the tanker will be connected to only one line, meaning that the bow
of the vessel will normally always point towards the current. This again means that any oil spilled will go
along the hull of the vessel, so any boom formation should be positioned at the stern of the vessel. Also
it is essential to have an assisting vessel stand-by with environmental equipment during
loading/unloading procedure. The stand-by vessel can, by the use of an anchor or similar, deploy some
booms behind the tanker to prevent spreading of the leaked oil. However, a second vessel will normally
be required for emergency oil spill response operation.
Potential impacts
Owing to location of scenario 2 and 3 are very closely to shore and only location of scenario 1 is 33.5
km offshore. So in the case of oil spill occurred, spilled oil will be easy to drift to shore. The detail oil
drift modeling result will be mentioned and discussed in separately OSCP report.
If oil spill occurred at SPM with Tier II, spilled oil might drift as follows:
In Northeast monsoon (October to March), spilled oil will drift to the shoreline of Nghi Son bay
in the first day toward to the south direction (Figure 3.15). All Nghi Son bay will be affected by
spilled oil in the first and second day. Spilled oil might drift to Nghe An shoreline at the forth or
fifth day depending on wind and wave states.
In the Southwest monsoon (May to July), spilled oil will drift toward the vulnerable resources in
Me island and shoreline of Nghi Son bay in the day 1 and then toward to the North (Figure
3.15). Spilled oil may reach shoreline of Ninh Binh after 4-5 days and Thai Binh shoreline after
8-9days with about 60% of remained oil.
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Figure 3.15 Oil drifting in the case of oil spill at SPM in October and July
Figure 3.15 shows that in the case of oil spill occurred at SPM all Nghi Son bay will be affected by oil.
The impact level much depends on oil spill tier and response measures. Generally, the main threat
posed to living resources by the persistent residues of spilled oils is one of physical smothering leading,
in cases of severe contamination, to death through the prevention of normal functions such as feeding,
respiration and movement. Some species affected by contacting with polluted marine water surface, are
organism living at coastal area, coral reef around Me archipelagoes and floating fish cages aquaculture
located in Nghi Son bay.
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The amount of recoverable plants and animals after oil spill incident as well as time for environmental
balancing depend on the point of time that the incident occurring and its recovery level, as well as the
restoring capability of each species. Species has a capability of rapidly reproducing and growing can
repopulate an area rapidly when pre-spill conditions are restored, in contrast with slowly growing
species which can just recover the quantity after many years. Summary of spilled oil to sensitive marine
resource is as follows:
Plankton
When oil spill incident happened, polluted oil can directly impact on planktons due to the different
oil sensitivity of specific species or indirectly affect on a special species. The coastal area is easier
to affect by drifting oil than other areas, in particularly the area where sand and mud are affected by
low tide. While plankton (phytoplankton and zooplankton) living in submerged tidal areas are
capable to suffer unfavourable conditions in a short time. They can die if affecting by toxic oil
compounds or suffocating by oil and emulsions.
This problem will lead to the risk of shortage of natural nutrient resources for aquatic organisms as
well as lacking of important food source for aquacultural area by extensive and improvement
extensive aquacultures. In addition, many algae and zooplanktons, which are very abundant in this
rainy season and used as food for young fishes and shrimps in breeding season, were died or
disappeared.
Larvae, Fish Eggs and Young Fish
Contrary to adult fish, larvae, fish eggs and young fish are very sensitive and vulnerable to oil spill.
An important caution should be taken into account is that if the incident happened in spawning
season of many aquatic species from April to June (Pham Thuoc). At this time, prawn and fish
parents usually come to coastal area, in particularly estuaries for breeding. Thus, polluting oil
causes serious and permanent damages to prawn and fish ecosystem in the region makes
exhaustion the natural post larva and fingerling source in the future.
Benthic
High quantity of suspended solid in water will increase the speed of the oil coagulation and
settlement process. Light refined products containing high quantity of toxic substances can affect to
mussel, sea urchins and sea worms. The penetration of oil into sediments can cause long-term
effects in several years, and is capable to create death and infectious diseases to high economic
value species. Oil settlement process can make benthic suffocating.
When being affected by oil, benthic can loose consciousness so that they are removed out of rock
surface or drift out their caves. At that time, they are easy to become food for predators, or to drift
to unfavourable living conditions areas. The complete recovery of the regular balance can take
many years.
Coral reef
Oil spills from harbour and access channel will cause major impact to coral reefs, since spilled oil
can spread quickly to tidal beaches, floating fish cages and water area surrounding islands. The
magnitude of the damage depends on volume of spilled oil. As result, such accident could kill
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shrimp and fish. Fishing grounds will be lost or fish will migrate to other area due to oil pollution.
Coral reefs and organisms will be serious affected.
In the case of oil spills occurs at pipeline route and SPM in the northeast monsoon, spilled oil will
cause strongly impact to coral reef at Hon Me islands.
Sea-birds
Sea birds living in this area can be affected at locations where oil drifted in large quantity, but
effects will not be serious because almost of sea birds are sea sparrows, a bird species rarely
contact with oil spill on the sea surface.
However, polluting oil can affect to some kinds of bird living at bayside and estuaries such as
storks, herons, etc. because food and the surface are polluted. They would have to eat oil
contaminated food or staving to death when staying at this tainted ecosystem.
3.2.5.4 Ship Collision
It is important to note that the shipping activities at harbor and access channel in construction and
operation phases might cause high risk of ship collision and oil spill. The density of petroleum products
is generally lower than that of water, so in the case of product spillage into the sea; the product itself is
extremely volatile at ambient temperature and always floats on the surface. Since it is quickly dispersed
into the air, the risk of long-term environmental impact to sea water quality will be significant. The detail
oil spreading and assessment will be mentioned in detail in Oil spill Response plan.
3.2.5.5 Pipeline Rupture or Leakage
The main causes of pipeline rupture and leak are corrosion (internal and external), construction
damage, weld failure, incorrect operation, and third damage party like ship anchors and bottom trawls.
Although partly pipelines are generally buried and incidents are relatively rare, they cannot be
considered as fit and forget. Unless inspected and maintained, all pipelines may eventually suffer from
leaks or ruptures. Engineering studies have identified 22 types of threat to the integrity of a pipeline,
which are recognised in the American engineering code. Grouped into nine threat classes, these are:
External Corrosion;
Internal Corrosion;
Third Party Damage;
Stress Corrosion Cracking;
Manufacturing Defects;
Construction Defects;
Equipment Failure;
Incorrect Operation;
Weather Related / Ground Movement.
Some of these threats are considered to be time dependent (for instance, corrosion; a small area of
corrosion could grow over time to cause a failure) while some are time independent (for example, Third
Party Damage; a pipeline being struck by equipment during building construction near an established
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pipeline would be characterized as a random event not dependent of the build-up of a condition over
time).
In the worst case, crude pipeline is broken during unloading crude at SPM. Affected area and impact level are
mentioned in item 3.2.5.3. Response scenarios will be presented in separately report of oil spill response plan.
3.2.5.6 Radioactivity
There are some activities related to radioactivity such as carrying out NDT (Non-destructive Testing) for
tank, bullet, etc. Radioisotopes used by specialist EPC Contractor or Sub-contractors and these
activities may cause hazard to employee and public due to exposure to high level of radiation. Activities
radioactivity detected flaws of materials are RT (Radiographic Testing), PT (Liquid Penetrant Testing),
MT (Magnetic Particle Testing) and UT (Ultrasonic Testing).
Radiation exposure may arise to injury or serious illness to workers during the Construction phase.
Since it is always carried out by trained and skilled employees, the significance of the impact is
considered as moderate.
The recommendations made by NSRP are given to EPC Contractor for Handling and usage in
accordance with Vietnamese Decree No. 50/1998/ND-CP dated July 16, 1998, Vietnamese Standards
(TCVN 6866:2002): Radiation protection Dose limits for radiation workers and public and Circular No.
04/2008/TT-BLDTBXH dated February 27, 2008 guiding procedures for registration and verification of
machines, equipment and supplies subject to strict labour safety requirements.
With handling and usage of radioactivity in accordance with Vietnamese regulatory requirements, the
residual impact of radioactivity during construction phase is assessed as minor.
3.3 EVALUATION OF DETAILED AND CONFIDENCE LEVEL OF THE ASSESSMENT
3.3.1 Determination of impact significance
The assessment considers project-related impacts that are positive, negative, direct, indirect,
cumulative, synergistic, reversible, and irreversible. The significance of an impact depends on the
intrinsic value of the affected ecosystem component(s) (i.e., sensitivity, uniqueness, rareness, and
reversibility) and also on the social, cultural, economic, and aesthetic values attributed to the
component(s) by the population. The significance of impact also depends on whether the affected
environmental components have already undergone modifications. Impact significance has been
established by using the following criteria:
The component is recognised by a law, policy, regulation, or official decision (e.g. a park,
ecological reserve, rare or endangered species, habitat for fauna or flora, archaeological site, or
historical site);
The risks to the health, security, and well-being of the population;
Magnitude of the impact (i.e., spatial dimension such length or area);
Duration of the impact (i.e., temporal aspect and reversibility);
Frequency of the impact (e.g., intermittent occurrence);
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Probability of the impact;
Indirect effect on other components (i.e., link between the affected component and other
components);
Sensitivity or vulnerability of the component;
Uniqueness or rareness of the component;
Durability of the component and the ecosystems;
Value of the component to the community
This methodology considers the intensity of the impact which integrates the degree of perturbation and
environmental value criteria used for determining the intensity and significance of impacts are the
following: The degree of perturbation assesses the magnitude of the modifications brought to the
structural and functional characteristics of the affected component. The environmental value indicates
the relative importance of the project-affected component and reflects both intrinsic and social values.
The significance of impacts considers also the extent of an impact that indicates the distance or relative
area over which an impact will apply and the proportion of the component that will be affected, and the
duration which specifies the temporal dimension of the impact
3.3.2 Assessment Method
Following methods are used for assessment for NSRP project:
1. Statistical method: is used to treat the environmental analytical data, and the meteo-hydrological
and socio-economic data;
2. Model method: is used to calculate and stimulate the air emission processes, the wastewater and
the thermal dispersion caused by project activities. Some mathematic models are used for
preparing this report including:
To assess air quality, the Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling System (ADMS) from CERC
(Cambridge Environmental Research Consultants) with the UK Meteorological Office,
National Power plc and University of Surrey is used by FWL. The first version of ADMS was
released in 1993 and the current model is ADMS version 4.
To assess thermal effects to Nghi Son Bay seawater, US Environment Protection Agencys
CORMIX model has been used by FWL.
To assess explosion risk to the workers and community, Fire risk (BLEVE) model is used to
predict to affect the neighboring village. Coarse Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) has
been undertaken by ABS Consulting Limited for NSRP Refinery and Petrochemical Complex
Project.
To assess oil spill effect in the Nghi Son bay, an oil drifting model is undertaken by CPSE to
calculate different oil spill scenarios from project marine facilities.
To assess dredged material dumping by used mud and fluid dispersion model of Kverner
Engineering A.S, Environmental Sandefjord, Norway. This model is carried out by CPSE for
maintenance dredged material dumping every 4 years.
3. Field survey and measurement method: is used to take samples, measure on site and analyze at
the laboratories (air, water, soil, sediment and biology samples) at the project area. Moreover,
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this method is used to survey vegetation cover, take the photographs and interview in the field
trips for colleting the existing environmental and socio-economic situation;
4. Social investigation method: is used to interview the authorities, departments and local residents
at the project area;
5. Comparative method: is used to evaluate environmental quality of air, soil, water, sediment, and
biology on the basis of comparison with current Vietnamese and International environmental
standards.
Above methods are used in order to quantify environmental characteristics of the project area as well
as forecast impacts of air emission, wastewater and cooling water discharged to receiving environment.
Confident level of these methods can quantitative evaluate during project implementation.
Almost Environmental impacts and risk assessments for NSRP are quantified by calculating and
modeling based technical data and surveyed studies.