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1a(!uperscript*"#orresponding, 1"affiliation, a"footnote info)
,
!ulli$an %& !ith
*2
, %ana'a ('arashi
1a
and Ahed M& Mohaed
2)
1
Affiliation (Department, Institute, Address, Country) with font Arial, size 9.5pt
2
Department of Ciil !n"ineerin", #orean Adan$ed Institute for %$ien$e and &e$hnolo"y,
291 Daeha'(ro, )useon"("u, Dae*eon +,5(-,1, .epu/li$ of #iorea
(Received keep as blank , Revised keep as blank , Accepted keep as blank )
Abstract. This study aimed to develop a model to accurately predict the acceleration of structural systems during
an earthquake. The acceleration and applied force of a structure were measured at current time step and the velocity
and displacement were estimated through linear integration.
Keywords: complex terrain; typhoon wind field; CF simulation; surface roughness length; topography
1. Introduction
!ormally" strong winds have #een associated with two types of wind in typhoon prone region.
The first one is the nature wind and the other one is the typhoon" or say severe tropical cyclone.
$any investigations a#out the vi#ration and #uckling %static sta#ility& characteristics of frames of
various types have #een carried out. Cheng %'())& have studied the elastic critical loads for plane
frames #y using the transfer matrix method. * general digital computer method has #een descri#ed
#y Cheng and +u %'()'&
2. Section title: Level 1
The system examined" shown schematically in Fig. ) is a #eam of varia#le cross section"
carrying a so called heavy tip mass M. ,ts mass moment of inertia with respect to the perpendicular
axis at the centroid S is denoted #y J
S
. The pu#lications %*#olghasemi and -alali '((." /ounesian
and 0smail1adeh '()(" *rvin and 2akhtiari3!e4ad '())& are considered also with rotating #eams
in which nonlinear oscillations are investigated. *nalytical and experimental investigations on
vi#rating frames carrying concentrated masses with characteristics of frames have #een studied #y

Corresponding author" 5rofessor %or 5h.." etc.&" 03mail6 email address

a
5h.." 03mail6 email address
#
5h.. 7tudent" 03mail6 email address
Fig. ) $esh grid of topographic model
using analytical solutions and the finite element method %Cheng et al. '().a" #&.
2.1 0umeri$al simulation pro$edure
8ne can write the extended form of the 9amilton:s 5rinciple with the notations used in the
present study as

=

d d
L
dx u EA dx v EI U
(
'
)
(
'
)
& %
'
)
& %
'
)
%)&
,n consideration of different )(m height wind speed v)( and the power law exponent index
results shown in Ta#le '" the representative upstream typhoon wind fields at different directions
used as the input data for training *!! model are determined" which is shown in Ta#les )3'.
3. Section title: Level 1
* finite element model is developed to represent a cracked #eam element of length d and the
crack is located at a distance d
)
from the left end of the element as shown in Figs. '3.. 7u#stituting
0qs. %.&3%;& in 0q. %<& yields the general equation for the local compliances as follows %considering
that all K:s are independent of ; see Figs. '%a&3%#&&. ,n this regard" the circular area taking the
#ridge as a center with a proper radius shall #e considered %see Fig. ) and .&....
Ta#le ) Caption
,ntact , ' ,ntact , '
8F3)
*
$ean '.=. '.=' '.>. ...; '.=< '.;=
7 (.(;) (..=? (.)'. (.'?( (.;;; (.'(<
8F3.
$ean '...? '..'; ''.>> '..=. '..)' ''.<.
7 (.(') (.)=) (.)=) (.(;' (.'>) (.').
*8F3)6 8#served Frequency for )st mode; 8F3.6 8#served Frequency for .rd mode
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
0
100
200
300
400
500
wind speed v%!& %m@s&
h
e
i
g
h
t

f
r
o
m

g
r
o
u
n
d

s
u
r
f
a
c
e

%
m
&


v
)(
A)(m@s
v
)(
A.(m@s
v
)(
A>(m@s
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0
100
200
300
400
500
wind direction %!& %deg&
h
e
i
g
h
t

f
r
o
m

g
r
o
u
n
d

s
u
r
f
a
c
e

%
m
&


v
)(
A)(m@s
v
)(
A.(m@s
v
)(
A>(m@s
%a& Bind speed profile %#& Bind direction profile
Fig. ' *!! model output training data for upstream typhoon wind field coming from ! direction with
exponent (.''
4. Section title: Level 1
1.1 %u/title2 3eel 2
1.1.1 %u/title2 3eel +
8n the day of the #eam test" the respective control cylinders were capped and tested in
compression to determine the compressive strength of concrete. Ta#le ) shows that the average
values of the >=3day compressive strengths are =?.' and =C.< $5a for 7eries D and 7 specimens"
respectively. The results indicate that although the two mix designs were different" they had similar
compressive strengths
%u/title2 3eel 1
Chondros et al. %)??C& have developed a continuous cracked #eam vi#ration theory for the
lateral vi#ration of cracked 0uler32ernoulli #eams with single3edge or dou#le3edge open cracks.
5. Conclusions
* numerical simulation procedure for predicting directional typhoon wind fields over complex
terrain has #een proposed in this study.
The reduction of natural frequency depends on the crack depth and crack location.
9igher drops in the in3plane natural frequency are o#served when the crack is located near
the roots or corners of the frames
Acknowled!ents
The research descri#ed in this paper was financially supported #y the !atural 7cience
Foundation
"e#erences
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/&$ceedin's $% t(e 01t( *$&ld )$n%e&ence $n Ea&t(2uake En'inee&in'" 2e4ing" China" 8cto#er.
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