Chapter Six

SWINDLING AND OTHER DECEITS

Art. 315. Swindling (estafa). Any person who shall defraud another by any of the
means mentioned hereinbelow shall be punished by:
1st. The penalty of prision correccional in its maximum period to prision mayor
in its minimum period, if the amount of the fraud is over 12,000 pesos but does
not exceed 22,000 pesos, and if such amount exceeds the latter sum, the penalty
provided in this paragraph shall be imposed in its maximum period, adding one ye
ar for each additional 10,000 pesos; but the total penalty which may be imposed
shall not exceed twenty years. In such cases, and in connection with the accesso
ry penalties which may be imposed under the provisions of this Code, the penalty
shall be termed prision mayor or reclusion temporal, as the case may be.
2nd. The penalty of prision correccional in its minimum and medium periods, if t
he amount of the fraud is over 6,000 pesos but does not exceed 12,000 pesos;
3rd. The penalty of arresto mayor in its maximum period to prision correccional
in its minimum period if such amount is over 200 pesos but does not exceed 6,000
pesos; and
4th. By arresto mayor in its maximum period, if such amount does not exceed 200
pesos, provided that in the four cases mentioned, the fraud be committed by any
of the following means:
1. With unfaithfulness or abuse of confidence, namely:

(a) By altering the substance, quantity, or quality or anything of v
alue which the offender shall deliver by virtue of an obligation to do so, even
though such obligation be based on an immoral or illegal consideration.
(b) By misappropriating or converting, to the prejudice of another,
money, goods, or any other personal property received by the offender in trust o
r on commission, or for administration, or under any other obligation involving
the duty to make delivery of or to return the same, even though such obligation
be totally or partially guaranteed by a bond; or by denying having received such
money, goods, or other property.chan robles virtual law library
(c) By taking undue advantage of the signature of the offended party
in blank, and by writing any document above such signature in blank, to the pre
judice of the offended party or of any third person.
2. By means of any of the following false pretenses or fraudulent acts exe
cuted prior to or simultaneously with the commission of the fraud:

(a) By using fictitious name, or falsely pretending to possess power
, influence, qualifications, property, credit, agency, business or imaginary tra
nsactions, or by means of other similar deceits.
(b) By altering the quality, fineness or weight of anything pertaini
ng to his art or business.
(c) By pretending to have bribed any Government employee, without pr
ejudice to the action for calumny which the offended party may deem proper to br
ing against the offender. In this case, the offender shall be punished by the ma
ximum period of the penalty.
(d) [By post-dating a check, or issuing a check in payment of an obl
igation when the offender therein were not sufficient to cover the amount of the
check. The failure of the drawer of the check to deposit the amount necessary t
o cover his check within three (3) days from receipt of notice from the bank and
/or the payee or holder that said check has been dishonored for lack of insuffic
iency of funds shall be prima facie evidence of deceit constituting false preten
se or fraudulent act. (As amended by R.A. 4885, approved June 17, 1967.)]
(e) By obtaining any food, refreshment or accommodation at a hotel,
inn, restaurant, boarding house, lodging house, or apartment house and the like
without paying therefor, with intent to defraud the proprietor or manager thereo
f, or by obtaining credit at hotel, inn, restaurant, boarding house, lodging hou
se, or apartment house by the use of any false pretense, or by abandoning or sur
reptitiously removing any part of his baggage from a hotel, inn, restaurant, boa
rding house, lodging house or apartment house after obtaining credit, food, refr
eshment or accommodation therein without paying for his food, refreshment or acc
ommodation.
3. Through any of the following fraudulent means:

(a) By inducing another, by means of deceit, to sign any document.
(b) By resorting to some fraudulent practice to insure success in a
gambling game.
(c) By removing, concealing or destroying, in whole or in part, any
court record, office files, document or any other papers.
Art. 316. Other forms of swindling. The penalty of arresto mayor in its minimum
and medium period and a fine of not less than the value of the damage caused and
not more than three times such value, shall be imposed upon:
1. Any person who, pretending to be owner of any real property, shall conv
ey, sell, encumber or mortgage the same.
2. Any person, who, knowing that real property is encumbered, shall dispos
e of the same, although such encumbrance be not recorded.
3. The owner of any personal property who shall wrongfully take it from it
s lawful possessor, to the prejudice of the latter or any third person.
4. Any person who, to the prejudice of another, shall execute any fictitio
us contract.
5. Any person who shall accept any compensation given him under the belief
that it was in payment of services rendered or labor performed by him, when in
fact he did not actually perform such services or labor.
6. Any person who, while being a surety in a bond given in a criminal or c
ivil action, without express authority from the court or before the cancellation
of his bond or before being relieved from the obligation contracted by him, sha
ll sell, mortgage, or, in any other manner, encumber the real property or proper
ties with which he guaranteed the fulfillment of such obligation.
Art. 317. Swindling a minor. Any person who taking advantage of the inexperience
or emotions or feelings of a minor, to his detriment, shall induce him to assum
e any obligation or to give any release or execute a transfer of any property ri
ght in consideration of some loan of money, credit or other personal property, w
hether the loan clearly appears in the document or is shown in any other form, s
hall suffer the penalty of arresto mayor and a fine of a sum ranging from 10 to
50 per cent of the value of the obligation contracted by the minor.
Art. 318. Other deceits. The penalty of arresto mayor and a fine of not less tha
n the amount of the damage caused and not more than twice such amount shall be i
mposed upon any person who shall defraud or damage another by any other deceit n
ot mentioned in the preceding articles of this chapter.
Any person who, for profit or gain, shall interpret dreams, make forecasts, tell
fortunes, or take advantage of the credulity of the public in any other similar
manner, shall suffer the penalty of arresto mayor or a fine not exceeding 200 p
esos.