T-1

SG1
LT1
DT1
MV3
P-1
MV5
MV7
TG1
MV2
MV9
MV14
MV15
MV1
T-3
TG2
T-2
AR2
P-2
T-4

MV20
PRV2
PG1
AR1

MV8
TAP
BV1
PRV1
MV6
MV21
MV4
MV12
MV11

MV10
MV18
MV19

MV16
MV17

MV13
MV22
IAS
A
R
3
A
R
4
SV1
S
AR5
LT2
DT2
MV23
Ambient Water
Sugar Water

EXPERIMENT 1: DENSITY MEASUREMENT

OBJECTIVES

1. To study the fundamental principles (hydrostatic) of density measurement
2. To compare the density measurements of two different density transmitters
(diaphragm-seals & bubble tube arrangement )
3. To study the effect of pressure on the density measurement.

PLANT DESCRIPTION








































Process Control & Instrumentation Laboratory BKF4791

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
1. Switch ON the panel
2. Set the valve accordingly to the table given ( open tank-tank 1-ambient water ) state a
Result and discussion
3. Take a sample from a feed tank and measure the density by using a hydrometer and
record your reading at result and discussion
4. Switch ON pump 2, observe the water level until its overflow and switch OFF pump 2
5. Let the process stabilize for a few minutes
6. Complete the table at result and discussion
7. Repeat step 2-6 for

close tank-tank 1 ( ambient water )
Note : continue with current process by re-setting the valve position accordingly
to table at result and discussion. Pump 2 remain OFF

open tank-tank 2 ( ambient water )
Note : repeat step 2-6 with valve position accordingly to table at result and
discussion

open tank-tank 1 ( sugar water )
Note : before you start with sugar water, transfer the ambient water to the feed
tank ( tank 4 ) by opening the valve MV15-MV19 so that the process tank
( T-1 and T-2 ) ready for sugar water experiment ).

Repeat Step 2-6 for open tank-tank 1 ( sugar water )
Change pump 2 in the experimental procedure to pump 1 for sugar water.

close tank-tank 1 ( sugar water )
Note : continue with current process by re-setting the valve position accordingly
to table at result and discussion. Pump 1 remain OFF

open tank-tank 2 ( sugar water )
Note : repeat step 2-6 with valve position accordingly to table at result and
discussion

After finish the experiment, transfer all the sugar water to feed tank ( tank 3 ) by
opening the valve MV14, MV20













Process Control & Instrumentation Laboratory BKF4791

RESULT & DISCUSSION
Remarks:
A: Read from the hydrometer reading
B: Read from the Temperature Gauge (TG1,TG2) mounted at tank T1 or T2
C: Read from the Digital Density Indicator (DIA1 or DI2).
Actual Measured Density (S.G) at T1 = Reading in DIA1,% x 1.182
Actual Measured Density (S.G) at T2 = Reading in DI2,% x 1.182
D: Calculate from equation Deviation = | (C - A) |
E: Calculate from equation
w at operating temperature TG1 or TG2 = S.G. x 999.007 kg/m
3

F: Read from the Table 2-28, Perrys VII at temperature (TG1, TG2)
G: Calculate from equation Deviation = | (E-F) |

OPEN TANK-TANK 1 ( AMBIENT WATER ) Value

Valve Position
A S.G Hydrometer

OPEN CLOSE
B Temperature ( TG1 ),
0
C

MV10-MV12 MV1-MV2
C Actual Density ( DIA1 ),%

MV3 MV4-MV9
Actual Density ( S.G )

MV21 MV13-MV20
D Deviation with hydrometer

MV23 MV22
E Calculated Density, kg/m
3


AR4-AR5 BV1
F Density From Table, kg/m
3

AR1-AR3
G Deviation E from F, kg/m
3


CLOSE TANK-TANK 1 ( AMBIENT WATER )
Setting pressure : 5psi
Value

Valve Position
A S.G Hydrometer

OPEN CLOSE
B Temperature ( TG1 ),
0
C

MV10-MV12 MV1-MV9
C Actual Density ( DIA1 ),%

MV22 MV13-21
Actual Density ( S.G )

AR4-AR5 MV23
D Deviation with hydrometer

AR1 BV1
E Calculated Density, kg/m
3
AR3 AR2
F Density From Table, kg/m
3


G Deviation E from F, kg/m
3

Note : Manipulate AR 1 So that the pressure ( PG 1 ) indicate 5 psi

OPEN TANK-TANK 2 ( AMBIENT WATER ) Value

Valve Position
A S.G Hydrometer

OPEN CLOSE
B Temperature ( TG2 ),
0
C

MV10-MV12 MV1
C Actual Density ( DIA2 ),%

MV2 MV3-MV9
Actual Density ( S.G )

AR2-AR5 MV13-MV23
D Deviation with hydrometer

BV1
E Calculated Density, kg/m
3


AR1
F Density From Table, kg/m
3

G Deviation E from F, kg/m
3

Note : Manipulate AR 2 So that the bubble flow constantly

Process Control & Instrumentation Laboratory BKF4791


OPEN TANK-TANK 1 ( SUGAR WATER ) Value

Valve Position
A S.G Hydrometer

OPEN CLOSE
B Temperature ( TG1 ),
0
C

MV1 MV2
C Actual Density ( DIA1 ),%

MV3 MV4
Actual Density ( S.G )

MV5 MV6
D Deviation with hydrometer

MV7 MV8-MV23
E Calculated Density, kg/m
3


AR4-AR5 AR1-AR3
F Density From Table, kg/m
3

BV1
G Deviation E from F, kg/m
3


CLOSE TANK-TANK 1 ( SUGAR WATER )
Setting pressure : 5psi
Value

Valve Position
A S.G Hydrometer

OPEN CLOSE
B Temperature ( TG1 ),
0
C

MV1 MV2-MV4
C Actual Density ( DIA1 ),%

MV5 MV6
Actual Density ( S.G )

MV7 MV8-MV21
D Deviation with hydrometer

MV22 MV23
E Calculated Density, kg/m
3
AR4-AR5 BV1
F Density From Table, kg/m
3
AR1 AR2
G Deviation E from F, kg/m
3
AR3
Note : Manipulate AR 1 So that the pressure ( PG 1 ) indicate 5 psi

OPEN TANK-TANK 2 ( SUGAR WATER ) Value

Valve Position
A S.G Hydrometer

OPEN CLOSE
B Temperature ( TG2 ),
0
C

MV1-MV2 MV3-MV4
C Actual Density ( DIA2 ),%

MV5 MV6
Actual Density ( S.G )

MV7 MV8-MV23
D Deviation with hydrometer

BV1 AR1
E Calculated Density, kg/m
3


AR2-AR5
F Density From Table, kg/m
3

G Deviation E from F, kg/m
3



Note : Manipulate AR 2 So that the bubble flow constantly













Process Control & Instrumentation Laboratory BKF4791

QUESTION
1. VERIFICATION OF THE LEVEL/HYDROSTATIC PRINCIPLE,
gh
DP

The following are the test readings taken at Procedure 19, Experiment 1A and 1B:

a) Density (S.G.), at DIA1 : __________ % x 1.182 = __________(S.G.)
100 = __________kg/m
3

b) Pressure difference, DP at the density transmitter DT1 : ____________mmH2O.
Note that the pressure difference DP displayed at DT1 is the pressure difference
between the top and bottom tapping points and has NOT been processed yet (i.e. has
not been filtered yet). The display may be fluctuating due to the turbulence inside
the pipeline, thus take a nominal mean or average reading for DP.

These two readings shall be used to verify the density hydrostatic principle,
gh
DP
as follows:

The Density Transmitter DT1 has been calibrated as follows:
Pressure Difference (DP) Output Transmission Signal
-557mmH2O
148.6 mmH2O
4mA, equivalent to density (S.G.) 0
20mA, equivalent to the full-scale density (S.G.) of
1.182

Since
gh
DP



Say at maximum SG= 1.182, i.e. = 1.182 x 999.007kg/m
3
= 1180.826 kg/m
3

ref at 15.6C = 999.007 kg/m
3

1180.826 kg/m
3
= (148.6 +557) mmH2O
g h
g h = 0.59755
SG = _________DP ________
0.59755(999.007)

SG = (Measured DP + 557), mmH2O the density equation for DT1

596.95

2. Use the pressure difference (DP) reading question 1(b) and substitute into density
equation for DTI. Calculate or S.G., based on this pressure difference (DP) reading.
Is the calculated S.G. equal to the S.G. reading taken at the above (a)? Is the calculated
in kg/m
3
equal to the density () reading taken at the above 1(a)?
3. Explain the function of globe valve and gate valve located at the bottom of tank T1?
What is the significant both of the valves compared to other type of valve?
4. The calculated density is based on pressure difference (DP) reading. In your opinion,
how far the accuracy of calculated density? Suggest the way to improve the accuracy?
5. Describe the important of density measurement compared to temperature or flowrate
measurement in term of chemical process?