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recover the agricultural losses caused by natural calamities. The term takavi is the
combination of SANSKRIT 'taka' (money) and Arabic 'kavi', which means strength or
strengthening. The Mughals and subsequently, the Company government used the
term takavi for repayable cash advance made to reinforce the cultivating strength
of the raiyats in distress. The term lost its currency from the late nineteenth century
when institutional agricultural credit was introduced by various cooperative
societies, banks and other institutions. Because takavi as a concept was associated
with zamindari credit, the modern institutions called it krishi rin or agricultural loan.
Takavi was an important agricultural institution during Mughal times. When AGRICULTURE was
affected by any natural calamities such as FLOOD, DROUGHT, and epidemics the Mughal government
used to suspend or minimise revenue collections and furthermore, made takavi advance towards
reviving the farming strength of the peasantry. Its distributing agents were the ZAMINDARs and
talukdars who were advised to lend takavi to raiyats and make its necessary adjustment on
account of public revenue. The takavi advanced during the seasons of distress was collected
during seasons of affluence. Such loan was always free from any surcharge like modern interest.
The takavi system of agricultural credit as a state institution was abolished by the colonial
government. The Regulations II and XV of 1793 made it clear that takavi was henceforth a
burden to be borne by the zamindars and other landholders alone and they could not claim any
concession in the name of takavi advanced to their raiyats. Zamindars, however, had to continue
the takavi system of agricultural loan, because they were aware that without takavi, raiyats would
desert. Therefore, in their own interests, zamindars advanced takavi loans to their raiyats at times
of distress. But with the growth of population and consequent competition for land, zamindars
are seen to have increasingly withdrawn the takavi credit from the early twentieth century. The
establishment of peasant rights in land by successive tenancy laws is another factor for
withdrawal of takavi by zamindars. [Sirajul Islam]
Farmers and other small scale, rural entrepreneurs need advice, if they are to
make good use of available financial services and plan their financial futures
better. The Rural Finance Group produces material to help extension staff and
other community advisers to improve client level support and enhance people’s
money management skills.
The FAO Rural Finance Group is also engaged with a number of other
international agencies in developing a strategy for improving the flow of
infomation on best practices in rural finance and relevant training materials to
those who have most need of access to this information. The result of this
partnership is the Rural Finance Learning Centre, an online reference and
training centre for capacity building in rural