Media - In general, "media" refers to various means of communication.

Channels of
communication that serve many diverse functions, such as offering a variety of entertainment with either
mass or specialized appeal, communicating news and information, or displaying advertising messages.
The media carry the advertisers' messages and serve as the vital link between the seller of a product or
service and the consumer.

Communication:
"Any act by which one person gives to or receives from another person
information about that person's needs, desires, perceptions,
knowledge, or affective states. Communication may be intentional or
unintentional, may involve conventional or unconventional signals,
may take linguistic or nonlinguistic forms, and may occur through
spoken or other modes."
The Sender in the Communication Process
"Two essential elements in every communication situation are the sender and the receiver. Thesender is
anyone who wishes to convey an idea or concept to others, seek information, or express a thought or
emotion. The receiver is the person to whom the message is sent. The sender encodes the idea by
selecting symbols with which to compose a message. The message is the tangible formulation of the idea
that is sent to the receiver. The message is sent through a channel, which is the communication carrier.
The channel can be a formalreport, a telephone call, an e-mail message, or a face-to-face meeting. The
receiver decodes the symbols to interpret the meaning of the message."

"In the communication process, the role of receiveris, I believe, as important as that of sender.
There are five receiver steps in the process of communication--Receive, Understand, Accept, Use,
and Give a Feedback. Without these steps, being followed by the receiver, no communication
process would be complete and successful."

Intrapersonal communication is language use or thought internal to the communicator.
It can be useful to envision intrapersonal communication occurring in the mind of the
individual in a model which contains a sender, receiver, and feedback loop.



Intrapersonal communication is communicating with one's self, that is any for of relaying
messages to your own person.

Normally successful communication requires having an independent sender and receiver, who
sens messages back and forth between them. This definition is currently challenged, there are
some people who consider intrapersonal communication too useful to be discounted.

again helps a person retain information. It becomes abnormal when a person
talks to oneself in socially inappropriate situations.
around you.



Interpersonal communication is usually defined by communication scholars in numerous ways,
usually describing participants who are dependent upon one another. It can involve one on
one conversations or individuals interacting with many people within a society. It helps us
understand how and why people behave and communicate in different ways to construct and
negotiate a social reality. While interpersonal communication can be defined as its own area of
study, it also occurs within other contexts like groups and organizations. Interpersonal
communication is the process that we use to communicate our ideas, thoughts, and feelings to
another person. Our interpersonal communication skills are learned behaviors that can be
improved through knowledge, practice, feedback, and reflection.
Interpersonal communication includes message sending and message reception between two or
more individuals. This can include all aspects of communication such as listening, persuading,
asserting, nonverbal communication, and more. A primary concept of interpersonal
communication looks at communicative acts when there are few individuals involved unlike
areas of communication such as group interaction, where there may be a large number of
individuals involved in a communicative act.
Individuals also communicate on different interpersonal levels depending on who they are
engaging in communication with. For example, if an individual is communicating with a family
member, that communication will more than likely differ from the type of communication used
when engaged in a communicative act with a friend or significant other.
Overall, interpersonal communication can be conducted using both direct and indirect mediums
of communication such as face-to-faceinteraction, as well as computer-mediated-
communication. Successful interpersonal communication assumes that both the message
senders and the message receivers will interpret and understand the messages being sent on a
level of understood meanings and implications.


television
[tel-uh-vizh-uhn] Show IPA
noun
1.
the broadcasting of a still or moving image via radio waves to
receivers that project a view of the image on a picture tube.
Listen See in ThesaurusSee in a sentence
Radio is communication over distance when sounds are converted to
electromagnetic waves and sent to a receiver that transfers the waves
back to sounds. (noun)
An example of radio is how people listen to music in their cars on their
way to work.
Radio means to communicate over a device that uses electromagnetic
waves.(verb)
An example of radio is to broadcast an important community
announcement over the local music station.
Radio means relating to a device that uses electromagnetic waves for
communication. (adjective)
An example of radio used as an adjective is in the phrase "radio
station," which means a particular station that broadcasts news and or
music.

print
[print] Show IPA
verb (used with object)
1.
to produce (a text, picture, etc.) by applying inked types,
plates, blocks, or the like, to paper or other material either
by direct pressure or indirectly by offsetting an image on to
an intermediate roller.



Printed, as distinguished from broadcast or electronically transmitted communications. The print media
include all newspapers, newsletters, booklets, pamphlets, magazines, and other printed publications,
especially those that sell advertising space as a means of raising revenue.


Internet
noun \in-tr-net\
Definition of INTERNET
: an electronic communications network that connects computer networks and organizational
computer facilities around the world
The Internet, sometimes called simply "the Net," is a worldwide system of computer
networks - a network of networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have
permission, get information from any other computer (and sometimes talk directly to
users at other computers)



Philippine Television
Television (often abbreviated to TV, T.V.; sometimes called the tube, or telly in the UK) is a widely used
telecommunication system for broadcasting and receiving moving pictures and sound over a distance.
The term may also be used to refer specifically to a television set, programming or television
transmission. The word is derived from mixed Latin and Greek roots, meaning "far sight": Greek
"tele", far, and Latin vision, sight (from video, vis- to see).
Television watching has become an obsession among Filipinos and was always blamed for most people's
lack of sleep, tardiness and even discontentment.However, looking back, establishing this instrument that
has been dubbed as source of envy and family deterioration was indeed awe-inspiring.

[edit] History
Philippine television started as early as October 23, 1953 where the first official telecast was made.
American engineer James Lindenberg and the future "Father of Philippine Television," established the
Bolinao Electronics Corporation (BEC) named after his wife's hometown, Bolinao Pangasinan, on June
13,1946. He was the first to apply a license to establish a television station in 1949 and was granted on
1950.
The first television station in the Philippines was DZAQ (initials of Judge Antonio Quirino) and first ever
broadcast was made at a garden party at the Quirino residence.



Television in the Philippines
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Philippine television" redirects here. For Television networks broadcasting in the Philippines, see List of
television stations in the Philippines.
Television in the Philippines was introduced in 1953. But even before that, a number of academic
experiments had been done and replicated by Filipino engineering students.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
o 1.1 Origins
o 1.2 Rising popularity
o 1.3 Marcos era and martial law
o 1.4 Restoration and expansion
2 Pay television
3 Digital television
4 See also
5 References
[edit]History
[edit]Origins
James Lindenberg, an American engineer dubbed as the "father of Philippine television," began assembling
transmitters and established the Bolinao Electronics Corporation (BEC) on June 26, 1946. It was named after
his wife's hometown of Bolinao, Pangasinan. Three years later, he was the first to apply for a license in
Philippine Congress to establish a television station. After a year, on June 14, 1950, his request was granted.
Due to the scarcity of raw materials and strict import control since 1948, he was compelled to branch into radio
broadcasting instead.
[1]

Lindenberg's attempt to put up a television station did not go to waste. Judge Antonio Quirino, the brother of
President Elpidio Quirino, had been trying to get a license from Congress that would allow him to put up a
television station. The Congress, however, denied him from getting such license for the fear that he might use it
as vehicles for propaganda for his brother who was then running for a second term in the Presidential elections
of 1953. Because of this, he brought 70-percent share of BEC stocks,
[1]
which earned him to control the
franchise indirectly. He then changed the name of BEC to Alto Broadcasting System (ABS), after the names of
its new owners, Aleli and Judge Antonio Quirino. James Lindenberg, was still part-owner, and had served as
the general manager of the station.
[1]

Before the TV station was formally launched, it faced several obstacles. The Central Bank, for instance,
refused to grant Judge Quirino dollar credit from the bank, saying that the said venture was too risky. For this
reason, Judge Quirino asked help from his friend Marvin Gray, whose family is a friend of General Sarnoff, who
was then the President of Radio Corporation of America (RCA). Through the intervention of Gray, Judge
Quirino was able to get assistance from RCA.
Prior to the fist telecast, Judge Quirino initiated the importation of 120 television sets through the Php 60,000
loan that he received from the owner of Joe's Electric, who was, in turn, became the first to be bestowed with
the right to sell television sets in the country.
[1]

Finally, on October 23, 1953, Judge Quirino marked the first official telecast in the Philippines through the
launching of DZAQ-TV Channel 3. With the help of RCA, four men underwent technical training in the United
States:
Arcadio "Cady" Carandang, who was in charge of setting up a TV service company;
Romualdo "Romy" Carballo, who oversaw the transmission aspect;
Harry "Slim" Chaney, who acted as a spark plug for the whole operation, and
Jose "Joe" Navarro, who learned filming techniques in television.
[1]

The ABS studio was a makeshift barn along Florentino Torres Street in Manila. With the transmitter acquired
from RCA, the telecasts were received clearly not only in Manila but also in the neighboring provinces. Except
for the four engineers who was sent to the US for training, most of the personnel at ABS learned TV operations
on the job.
DZAQ-TV3 started out on a four-hour a day schedule, from six to ten in the evening. Although ABS was able to
round up fifty-two advertisers for the premier telecast, selling spots for regular programming had proven to be
difficult since buying radio ad spots was more cost-effective for advertisers. During this time, TV sets costs less
than an automobile, and TV reception depended on electrical power, which was not always available.
[1]

The programs being telecast at that time were usually borrowed films from the foreign embassies, imported old
cowboy movies, and actual coverage of a variety of events. When the station ran out of presenting any new
feature, stage plays were transported to television. In 1953, less than a month after the first telecast,
Father James Reuter, a Jesuit with radio and television training in the United States, produced the first play on
Philippine television entitled Cyrano de Bergerac. The said three-hour long play was done live, and all the
talents were students.
[1]

In the beginning, Philippine TV networks would buy the rights of airing mediocre American TV programs and
serials since it was cheaper than producing local shows. In order to entice advertisers as well as to encourage
increased viewership, simultaneous airing of programs on radio and television resorted to promotional
gimmicks. Many popular radio shows, including, Tawag ng Tanghalan,Kuwentong Kutsero, and Student
Canteen, started their life on TV this way.
[1]

In 1955, Radiowealth began manufacturing television sets. Other local outfits such as, Carlsound and Rehco,
also started setting up assembly plants. In 1958, the high taxes previously imposed on canned television shows
were removed, which made US shows less expensive than live shows. In April of the same year, another TV
network opened, and this was the Chronicle Broadcasting Network(CBN), established as a radio medium in
1956 by businessmen Eugenio and Fernando Lopez. In the same year, CBN brought ABS from Judge Quirino,
and merged the two companies under the name Bolinao Electronics Corporation,
[1]
which was incidentally the
former name of ABS.
With the establishment of DZXL-TV Channel 9 on April 19, 1958, the Lopez brothers controlled both television
channels nationwide.
[edit]Rising popularity
At the turn of the next decade, TV sets became the most sellable appliance in the urban areas.
[1]
Also within
this period, other VHF TV stations opened. These include the following:
DZBB-TV 7, established on October 29, 1961 by the Republic Broadcasting System (RBS), owned
by Robert Stewart.
[2]

DZFM-TV, in 1961, by the Philippine government, now defunct.
DZTM-TV 5, established in 1962 by the Associated Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), owned by the Roces
family, the publisher ofThe Manila Times.
DZKB-TV 9, established in 1969, run by Radio Philippines Network (RPN) and owned by Roberto
Benedicto.
DWGT-TV 4, established in 1974, run by the Government Television (GTV), state-owned.
DZTV-TV 13 in 1977, run by Inter-island Broadcasting Corporation (IBC), owned by Andres Soriano.
DZRH-TV 11 of Manila Broadcasting Company (MBC), owned by Manuel Elizalde.
Among the top rated programs in the 1960s were The Nida-Nestor Show, Buhay Artista, and Pancho Loves
Tita. Another local show that has had a prevailing top rating is Tawag ng Tanghalan, the amateur singing
contest hosted by Lopito and Patsy.
On February 1, 1967, the corporate name of BEC was changed to ABS-CBN Broadcasting Corporation. Also,
during this year, Radiowealth pioneered in the production of 19-, 21- and 25-inch models of color TV sets.
Moreover, it was favored by advertisers likeProcter and Gamble, Philippine Refining Company, Colgate-
Palmolive, Del Rosario Brothers, and Caltex Philippines.
In 1969, Filipinos witnessed the live television coverage of the Apollo 11 historic landing. It was the first telecast
via satellite in the country and the first in color. Channels 5, 7 and 13 tied up for the said project.
[1]
In the same
year, RPN-9 introduced the longest running and consistently rating sitcom, John En Marsha and the First
Family of Philippine television, the Puruntongs. These sitcoms were created by Ading Fernando, and it
starred Dolphy and Nida Blanca.
By the late 1960s, news and public affairs programs were pioneered by Channels 2 and 5. The Big News on
ABC Channel 5 and The World Tonight on ABS-CBN Channel 2 were the first news programs on Philippine
television.
By 1971, the Philippines, through Radiowealth, had become the third country in the world to manufacture color
TV sets.
[1]

[edit]Marcos era and martial law
When the Philippines was placed under martial rule, Marcos ordered the take over of media firms. Government
troops entered radio and television stations, and they were placed under military control. All media outlets that
were critical of the Marcos administration were padlocked and sequestered.
DWGT-TV Channel 4, the government channel, was seized by the Office of Press Secretary Francisco
Tatad and the National Media Production Center of Gregorio Cendaa. DZXL-TV Channel 9 and DZTV-TV
Channel 13 were eventually controlled by the then Ambassador Roberto Benedicto, and Bob Stewarts DZBB-
TV Channel 7 was later allowed to operate with limited three-month permits. ABS-CBN was seized from the
Lopez family, and Eugenio Lopez Jr., then president of ABS-CBN, was imprisoned. By the latter part of
1973, GMA Network was sold to Felipe Gozon the family lawyer of Stewart because foreigners are not allowed
to own businesses in the Philippines, who later changed the name from RBS to Global Media Arts, or
simply GMA Network, popularly known as GMA-7.
[2]

When DZXL-TV Channel 9 of CBN was sold to Roberto Benedicto, he changed the name from CBN to Kanlaon
Broadcasting System(KBS). However, when a fire destroyed the KBS television studios in Pasay, Benedicto's
people took control of the ABS-CBN studios in Bohol Avenue, Quezon City. ABS-CBN, as a network, ceased
operations for 14 years, and its studios became the broadcasting venues of new channels, MBS-4. A year later,
Salvador "Buddy" Tan, general manager of KBS, reopened Channel 2 as the Banahaw Broadcasting
Corporation.
The two Benedicto stations namely, KBS Channel 9 and BBC Channel 2, served as vehicles of propaganda for
the government. In 1980, Channels 2, 9 and 13 moved to the newly-built Broadcast City in Diliman, Quezon
City. In the same year, Gregorio Cendaa was named Minister of Information. DWGT-TV Channel 4 became
known as Maharlika Broadcasting System.
Initially, the Department of Public Information, reviewed everything that was to be aired on radio and TV set up
the rules and regulations. Through other government agencies, policies on ownership, allocation of
frequencies, station distribution, and program standards were promulgated. In 1973, the Kapisanan ng mga
Brodkaster sa Pilipinas was created, and this agency allowed for self-regulation. A year later, a presidential
decree created the Broadcast Media Council.
The 1974 Miss Universe Pageant, the 1975 Muhammad Ali-Joe Frazier heavyweight fight, the 1981 visit
of Pope John Paul II was shown worldwide, and it made a false impression that everything was doing well in
the country. When Benigno Aquino was assassinated in 1983, it was a small item on television news. During
his historic funeral procession, GMA-7 was allowed by only ten seconds of airtime coverage.
[1]

In 1984, Imee Marcos, daughter of Ferdinand Marcos, tried to take over GMA-7 but she was successfully
prevented by GMA executives, Menardo Jimenez and Felipe Gozon. Disappointed with the Marcos
dictatorship, Stewart left the Philippines.
[1]

[edit]Restoration and expansion
In 1986, during the People Power Revolution which ironned the rule of Marcos regime, ABS-CBN was returned
after BBC, RPN, and IBC were sequestered by the Philippine Commission on Good Government (PCGG), in
turn awarded BBC through an executive order, RPN and IBC turned over to Government Communications
Group.
MBS Channel 4 later became PTV 4 (People's Television) after the EDSA Revolution, and in 2001, it is now
known as the National Broadcasting Network (NBN), in turn renamed back to the People's Television
Network in 2011.
ABC returns to broadcast in 1992. In 2008, ABC renamed as TV5.
IBC later became a 100% government owned station in the 1990s by virtue of a compromise agreement
between PCGG and Roberto Benedicto, management and marketing were returned to the IBC Board of
Directors.
In 1998, ZOE TV was finally launched on channel 11. Currently known as QTV and on February 2011, QTV
renamed as GMA News TV.
During the middle 1990s to 2000s, many UHF stations were launched such as , SBN 21, Studio 23, Net
25, Citynet 27, RJTV 29, CTV 31, UNTV 37, AksyonTV 41 among others.
[edit]Pay television
The largest cable television provider in the Philippines is Sky Cable Corporation, a subsidiary of the Filipino
media conglomerate ABS-CBN Corporation which owns SkyCable, Global Destiny Cable, MyDestiny Cable,
Home Cable, Sun Cable and UniCable. Sky Cable started digitizing its services to stop further data piracy as
well as customized plan and high-definition television. Sky Cable operate provincially through its sister Pilipino
Cable Corporation.
In 2006, digital cable was launched. This not only made additional channels possible but also pre-paid cable
service. Both companies also offer cable internet where cable television is bundled either free or at a discount.
Besides cable, direct-to-home satellite is offered through Dream Satellite TV, Cignal and G-Sat and has pre-
paid variants as well.
Mobile and internet TV may also offered such as WatchPad, MyGMA, TFC Now, Sandbox, myTV and iWanTV.
[edit]Digital television
Main article: Digital television in the Philippines
The National Telecommunications Commission of the Philippines announced that the country will use the
Japanese ISDB.
[edit]See also





History of Philippine TV.
Para hindi magkalituhan kung ano ang pinakaunang TV station sa bansa, narito ang kasaysayan ng
telebisyon sa Pilipinas.


A Half-century of Philippine Television
by
Date: 10/14/2003

1950s

During the 1950s, the University of Santo Tomas and Feati University were experimenting with
television. UST demonstrated its home-made receiver, while Feati opened an experimental television
station two years later.
On October 23, 1953, the Alto Broadcasting System (ABS), the forerunner of ABS-CBN,
made its first telecast as DZAQ-TV Channel 3. The ABS offices were then located along Roxas
Blvd. ABS was owned by Antonio Quirino, brother of former president Elpidio Quirino. Consequently,
the first telecast was that of a party at the owners residence, earning Elpidio Quirino the honor of
being the first Filipino to appear on television. The station operated on a four-hours-a-day schedule
(6-10PM), covering only a 50-mile radius.
ABS was later sold to the Lopez family, who later transformed it into ABS-CBN
By 1957, the Chronicle Broadcasting Network (CBN), owned by the Lopez family, operated two TV
stations--DZAQ Channel 3 and DZXL-TV Channel 9.

1960s

By 1960, a third station was in operation, DZBB-TV Channel 7, or, the Republic Broadcasting
System. It was owned by Bob Stewart, a long-time American resident in the Philippines who also
started with radio in 1950. RBS started with only 25 employees, a surplus transmitter, and two old
cameras. During this time, the most popular horror series on Philippine television was Gabi ng Lagim.
In 1961, the National Science Development Board was established. It was behind the earliest initiative
to use local TV for education, "Education on TV" and "Physics in the Atomic Age."
In 1963, RBS TV Channel-7 Cebu was inaugurated
The Metropolitan Educational Association (META), in cooperation with the Ateneo Center for Television
Closed Circuit Project, produced television series in physics, Filipino, and the social sciences which
were broadcast in selected TV stations and received by participating secondary schools. The META
team was headed by Leo Larkin, S.J., with Josefina Patron, Florangel Rosario, Lupita Concio and Maria
Paz Diaz as members. The project lasted from 1964 to 1974.
By 1966, the number of privately owned TV channels was 18; ABS-CBN was the biggest network
by the time Martial Law was declared.
By 1968, the daily television content consisted mostly of canned programs; only 10% of programs
was locally produced. The same year, ABS-CBN provided Filipinos with a live satellite feed of the
Mexico Olympics. Filipino audiences also saw the Apollo 11 landing live in 1969.

1970s

During Martial Law, Ferdinand Marcos ordered the closure of all but three television stations: channels
9 and 13 were eventually controlled by then Ambassador Roberto Benedicto, and Bob Stewarts
Channel 7 was later allowed to operate with limited three-month permits.

ABS-CBN was seized from the Lopez family, and Eugenio Lopez Jr., then president of the
network, was imprisoned.
In 1973, the Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster sa Pilipinas (KBP) was organized to provide a mechanism
for self-regulation in the broadcast industry.

By the latter part of 1973, Channel 7 was heavily in debt and was forced to sell 70% of the
business to a group of investors, who changed the name from RBS to Greater Manila Area
(GMA) Radio Television Arts.

Stewart was forced to cede majority control to Gilberto Duavit, a Malacaang official, and RBS
reopened under new ownership, with a new format as GMA-7. When the smoke cleared, the viewer
had channels 2, 9, 13, run by Benedicto; Duavits 7; and 4, which belonged to the Ministry of
Information.
When DZXL-TV Channel 9 of CBN was sold to Roberto Benedicto, he changed the name from CBN to
KBS, Kanlaon Broadcasting System. So when a fire destroyed the KBS television studios in Pasay, the
people of Benedicto took over the ABS-CBN studios on Bohol Avenue, Quezon City. His employees
moved in, and by August 1973, KBS was broadcasting on all ABS-CBN channels. A year later, Salvador
Buddy Tan, general manager of KBS, reopened Channel 2 as the Banahaw Broadcasting Corporation
(BBC). The two Benedicto stations--KBS Channel 9 and BBC Channel 2mainly aired government
propaganda.

1980s

In 1980, Channels 2, 9, and 13 moved to the newly-built Broadcast City in Diliman, Quezon City.
In 1980, Gregorio Cendaa was named Minister of Information. GTV Channel 4 became known as the
Maharlika Broadcasting System.
When Benigno Aquino was assassinated in 1983, it was a small item on television news. GMA Channel
7 gave the historic funeral procession 10 seconds of airtime.
In 1984, Imee Marcos, daughter of Ferdinand Marcos, attempted to take over GMA Channel
7, just as she did with the Benedictos. However, she was foiled by GMA executives Menardo Jimenez
and Felipe Gozon.
On February 24, 1986, MBS Channel 4 went off the air during a live news conference in Malacaang
and during an exchange between Marcos and then Chief of Staff General Fabian Ver. The network was
eventually taken over by rebel forces and started broadcasting for the Filipino people.
On September 14, 1986, ABS-CBN Channel 2 made a comeback and resumed broadcasting
after 14 years.
On Novermber 8, 1988, GMA inaugurated the Tower of Power, its 777-feet, 100kW transmitter, the
countrys tallest man-made structure.
In 1988, PTV Channel 4, then MBS, was launched as The Peoples Station.

1990s

In the 1990s ABS-CBN launched the Sarimanok Home Page, the stations Web presence, making it the
first Philippine network on the Internet.
On February 21, 1992, ABC Channel 5 reopened with a new multi-million-peso studio complex in
Novaliches.
By 1996, 89% of Filipinos and 57% of Philippine households watched television 6-7 days a week.
In 1997, the Childrens Television Act (RA8370), providing for the creation of a National Council for
Childrens Media Education, was passed.
By 1997, 57% of Filipino households had at least one television. 100% of those in class AB had
televisions, as opposed to only 4% in class E.
In 1997, the Mabuhay Philippines Satellite Corporation successfully launched Agila II, the countrys
first satellite.
By 1998, there were 137 television stations nationwide.
On April 19, 1998, ZOE TV 11 of ZOE Broadcasting Network, Inc., owned by born-again evangelist
Eddie Villanueva, was officially launched.




A History of Broadcasting in the Philippines
From World War II to the Birth of Philippine
Television
by Alixander Haban Escote in History, May 1, 2008

One of the most significant events that shaped the nation was the birth of the
Philippine radio. In June 1922, a couple of 50-watt radio stations were established
in Pasay and in Manila by Henry Hermann. During that time, the Filipinos readily
accepted radio news and entertainment programs, and local businessmen, who
recognized its profitability, established their own radio stations to advertise their
products and services.
In 1924, the first two call letters KZ was assigned to all radio stations in the Philippines in accordance
with the laws of the United States of America applicable to the country, which was then an American
colony. KZKZ, a 100-watt radio station, replaced the 50-watt radio stations established earlier by
Hermann.
In 1929, KZRC, Radio Cebu, opened in Cebu and introduced radio broadcasting in the province.
However, it was closed down because shortwave relay signals were unsuccessful between Cebu and
Manila. It reopened after a decade and fearlessly went on air with the guerilla movements.
Promulgated in 1931, the Commonwealth Act No. 3840, also known as the Radio Control Law, created
the Radio Control Division, the regulatory body of the broadcast industry under the supervision of the
secretary of commerce and industry. Later, it was renamed Radio Control Office that lasted until 1972
when President Ferdinand Marcos signed Proclamation No. 1081 and placed the entire country under
martial law and when the Kapisanan ng mga Brodkasters sa Pilipinas was established to police its own
rank.
Read more in History
The Decision to Drop the Bomb That Changed History
Who Instigated the Cold War?
Shortly after the bombing of the Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, Japanese airplanes bombed Manila and attacked
Davao, Baguio, Clark Field in Pampanga, and the American Naval Base in Cavite. The
Japanese Imperial Army diversionary forces landed in Legaspi, Albay; Aparri, Cagayan; and Vigan, Ilocos
Sur and the main invasion forces landed in Lingayen, Pangasinan. President Manuel Quezon, Vice
President Sergio Osmea, and Lt Gen Douglas MacArthur left Manila and departed for Corregidor.
During that time, six commercial radio stations were already established, and these were KZEG, KZIB,
KZRC, KZRF, KZRH, and KZRM. Only one of these radio stations, KZRM, stayed on the air for a very
long period since 1927.
On December 28, 1941, three weeks after the attack of the Pearl Harbor, the United States provided a
shortwave relay station in the Philippines.


Read more: http://socyberty.com/history/a-history-of-broadcasting-in-the-philippines-from-
world-war-ii-to-the-birth-of-philippine-television/#ixzz202uhO59q