AIM:-

APPARATUS:-
THEORY:-
According to sampling theorem sampling rate be rapid enogh so that at least t!o
samples are ta"en dring the corse o# the period corresponding to the highest
#re$enc% spectral component& i&e& i# or signal #re$enc% is '(h) then sampling
#re$enc% mst be *(h) minimm #or proper reprodction o# original signal #rom
sampled signal& It is called as n%$ist crieteria&
In this "it !e ha+e pro+ided t!o di##erent t%pes o# sampling
', -atral sampling&
*, .lat top sampling&
', -atral sampling:-
In this case the sampled signal consist o# se$ence o# plses o# +ar%ing amplitde
!hose tops are not #lat bt #ollo! the !a+e#orm o# inpt signal&
*, .lat top sampling:-
A #lat topped plse has a constant amplitde established b% the sample +ale o# the
signal at some point !ithin the inter+al& /e ha+e arbitraril% sampled the signal at the
beginning o# the sampling plse& To generate #lat top sample the signal is held sing a
holding capacitor a#ter sampling plse& A#ter holding time the capacitor is dmped sing
a dmp plse& So that bet!een sampling plse and dmp plse !e get #lat topped
sample plse&
In the gi+en "it !e ha+e pro+ided '(h) sine !a+e and cr%stal cloc" to obser+e stable
!a+e#orm on normal oscilloscope& To +eri#% sampling theorem %o can +ar% #re$enc%
o# inpt signal #rom minimm to ma0imm and obser+e reconstrcted otpt& OR I1-
222 cloc" is gi+en& 3% +ar%ing basic cloc" #re$enc% sampling #re$enc% can be +aried
and it4s e##ect on reconstrcted signal can be obser+ed&
Also at recei+er side e##ect o# +ale o# holding capacitor5sample 6 hold circit7
reconstrcted signal can be obser+e&
PRO1E8URE:-
A, -atral sampling:-
'& connect cr%stal 19( otpt to 19( point o# cloc" bloc"&
*& 1onnect point A to sampling inpt o# natral sampling bloc" and also to
hold 19( o# recei+er section&
:& 1onnect #i0ed sine !a+e i&e& Otpt o# #re$enc% di+ider bloc" to inpt
o# natral sampling bloc"&
;& Obser+e otpt o# b##er i&e& Sample otpt 5PAM otpt7&
2& 1onnect PAM otpt to inpt o# recei+er&
<& 1onnect point 8 to 1' point and obser+e otpt o# b##er&5%o can
obser+e spi"es in otpt signal !a+e#orm7&
=& 1onnect point 8 to 1* point and obser+e otpt o# b##er 5%o can
obser+e that otpt is not properl% trac"ing and some o+ershoot7&
>& 1onnect otpt o# recei+er b##er to inpt o# 9P. and obser+e 9P.
otpt &
?& To +eri#% sampling theorem and aliasing e##ect& 1onnect +ariable
#re$enc% sine !a+e to inpt o# natral sampling bloc" and +ar% signal
#re$enc% #rom minimm to ma0imm&5aliasing means con+ersion o#
high #re$enc% signal to lo!er #re$enc% de to sampling7&
'@& -o! connect otpt o# 222 19( to 19( inpt o# control bloc"
and b% +aring #re$enc% o# 222 +ar% the sampling #re$enc%
3,.lat top sampling:-
'& 1onnect cr%stal 19( otpt to 19( point o# control bloc"&
*& Obser+e point 3 and 1 on dal scope 1RO& .or #lat top sampling inpt
!a+e#orm is sampled sing sampling plse 3 and it4s +ale is hold sing
sing capacitor and then capacitor is dmped sing plse 1 there#ore bet!een
time period 3 and 1 !e ha+e get #lat top sample&
:& -o! connect point 3 to sampling 19( o# #lat top sample bloc" and hold 19(
o# recei+er&
;& Also connect point 1 to dmped 19( o# #lat top sample bloc" &
2& 1onnect #i0ed sine !a+e to inpt o# #lat top sample bloc" and obser+e otpt o#
#lat top sample bloc"&
<& 1onnect otpt o# #lat top sample bloc" to inpt o# recei+er&
=& 1onnect point 8 to 1' and obser+e b##er otpt&
>& Also repeat step 5'7 to 5=7 #or 222 19( as inpt to 19( to control bloc"&