1/12/14

1
SSC 328M: Biostatistics

WELCOME!
Agenda
! lnLroducuons
! Course syllabus
! Canvas
! rerequlslLes
! Course maLerlals
! Cradlng pollcles/pracuces
! Labs
! Schedule of Loplcs
! lnLroducuon Lo SLausucs!
INSTRUCTOR
SUZAN D. OLSON, PHD, MHS, RN
1/12/14
2
ACADEMIC
BACKGROUND
LDUCA1ICNAL kL
" WlchlLa SLaLe unlverslLy
hu, sychology w/focus Puman lacLors
MPS, PealLh Care AdmlnlsLrauon
Cuawa unlverslLy
8A, PealLh Care AdmlnlsLrauon
SL. lrancls PosplLal School of nurslng
nurslng ulploma
" CerucaLes
vlllanova - Lean Slx Slgma MasLer 8lack 8elL
vlllanova - Lxecuuve Leadershlp
1LACnING LkLkILNCL
u1 SSC 302
uC San ulego - LxLenslon
Mlchlgan SLaLe unlverslLy College of Puman
Medlclne
WesLern Mlchlgan unlverslLy
newman unlverslLy
1oplcs - Cllnlcal 1rlals AdmlnlsLrauon,
sychology, lssues ln PealLh Law, nurslng,
Medlcal lnformaucs, 8esearch MeLhods,
SLausucs, 8esearch LLhlcs
What I Do!



SLarLed 3 8esearch
CenLers
rlnclpal, Clson &
AssoclaLes Puman lacLors
-Medlcal uevlce
-harmaceuucal
8esearch
lnLernauonal Cllnlcal 1rlals
Medlcal/Surglcal Mlsslons
rlor, CapLaln uS Army
8eserves



Graduate Teaching Assistant
CARLOS GI LLETTI
DI VI SI ON OF STATI STI CS & SCI ENTI FI C COMPUTI NG
UNI VERSI TY OF TEXAS
1/12/14
3
About Your
Undergraduate
Teaching
Assistants
(UGTAs)

nllam
Lllen
Mozhgon
N||am Mom|n 1uesday 8:30 - 9:30am S968S
L||en W|ue Monday 10 - 11 am S9690
Mozhgon Vafaee Monday 4 - S pm S969S
About the
Class

Learn how Lo use
Canvas
Make sure you recelved
message from me
keep syllabus and
course schedule close
aL hand

u8L:
hup://
canvas.uLexas.edu/


LCCk lC8 M? lnvl1A1lCn 1C CAnvAS Anu ACCL1 l1!!!
OVERVIEW

" MeeLs maLh componenL aL u1 and addresses Lhe
followlng:
" Crlucal Lhlnklng skllls
" Communlcauon skllls
" Lmplrlcal & quanuLauve skllls
" All secuons are managed by a course coordlnaLor
Lo ensure conslsLency
" use 8 SLudlo ln Lab **?ou need Lo download lL
1/12/14
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COURSE DESCRIPTION
8aslcs of daLa analysls commonly used ln healLh sclences
1echnlques for graphlng and descrlblng daLa
uescrlpuve sLausucs
lnferenual sLausucal
SLausucal modellng
AssessmenLs wlll evaluaLe your newly acqulred skllls ln
1) baslcs of daLa analysls & sLausucal meLhods commonly used ln blologlcal,
medlcal and healLh sclences research
2) lnLerpreL ndlngs of daLa analysls & reporL Lhe ndlngs uslng sclenuc
language
3) analyze & model real-world daLa uslng 8
COURSE OBJECTIVES
1he lecLures, lab, and asslgnmenLs ln Lhls course are deslgned Lo help
you meeL Lhree course ob[ecuves
Learn Lhe baslcs of daLa analysls
1. lncludlng Lhe sLausucal meLhods commonly used ln Lhe healLh sclences
2. Lean how Lo apply an analyucal framework Lo daLa analysls problems
and reporL your ndlngs
3. Learn how Lo analyze and model real-world daLa uslng 8
COURSE EXPECTATIONS
Arr|ve on 1|me. LaLe arrlvals are dlsrupuve
ut Away L|ectron|c Dev|ces. unless speclcally Ck'd

r|nt the Da||y nandout. 8rlng Lo class
8r|ng our Ca|cu|ator. 8rlng Lo lecLure each sesslon
r|nt formu|a sheet and tab|es. 8rlng Lo class each sesslon
1/12/14
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MISSED
ASSIGNMENT
POLICY

lf you are away from u1 as parL of a u1-
sponsored acuvlLy lncludlng aLhleucs,
Check wlLh me lf you are uncerLaln wheLher your
absence qualles
lf an asslgnmenL, lab, or exam ls ln conlcL wlLh
a rellglous observance,
!"#$% '( )% *+,-+.% /012
lf you have a chronlc, documenLed lllness, or an
emergency LhaL resulLs ln your mlsslng an exam
or lab.
under Lhese clrcumsLances, conLacL me (nC1 Lhe
C1A or 1A) as soon as posslble Lo dlscuss a course
of acuon



UPGRADE POLICY
Lach upgrade |s worth 2 po|nts (wlLh a few excepuons)
?our upgrade polnLs WILL NC1 be added Lo your LoLal polnLs
lf you !"#$ 1S upgrade po|nts, you make yourself ellglble Lo have your nal
grade deLermlned uslng a more lenlenL cuLos
upgrade opporLunlues wlll be posLed on Canvas
1h|s |s a good dea|
Don't pass |t up
REGRADE
Send an emall Lo Car|os v|a Canvas requesung a 8egrade
Cn sub[ecL llne "kegrade kequest for SSC 328M"
8ody of Lmall
Clear conclse summary of Lhe concern
unlque number of Lhe course
?our name
Llu
LxacL asslgnmenL (e.g., PW 3)
1wo-week wlndow aer Lhe asslgnmenL was
due
1hereaer, your grade sucks
1/12/14
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EXTRA CREDIT (EC)
1hese polnLs wlll be added Lo your overall 1C1AL polnLs for Lhe class

1hese are good opuons for you Lo Lake advanLage of and wlll help pad"
your grade

Cccaslonal LC oerlngs:
May be ln Lhe form of a compleLed dally handouL ln lecLure LhaL l requesL
sponLaneously ln class
roblem-solvlng calculauons
SponLaneous acuvlues Lo be compleLed ouLslde of class
op Culzzes
CLher acuvlues
REQUIRED
TEXT
BOOK &
MATERIALS
WhlLlock & SchluLer
lS8n-10: 0981319407
lS8n-13: 978-0981319401
8 SLudlo SLausucal
CalculaLor
LEARNING ACTIVITIES
















LecLure
8eadlng
AsslgnmenL
vlew lab
lnsLrucuonal
vldeo &
re-Lab
(Canvas)

Ass|gnments
unlL Lxam
Lab








ro[ecL Pomework
uownload
fromCanvas
uownload
fromCanvas
unlL 1 1 unlL 2 unlL 3 llnAL
1/12/14
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ACADEMIC HONESTY
DISABILITIES
lf you have a documenLed dlsablllLy, provlde me
Lhe approprlaLe academlc documenLauon rlghL
away
lf you quallfy for an academlc dlsablllLy durlng Lhe
course of Lhe semesLer, provlde me Lhe
documenLauon rlghL away
ConLacL Lhe Cmce of Lhe uean of SLudenLs
1ele: 471-6239: 471-6441 11?
FINAL
EXAMINATION
MAnuA1C8?
1lme - 2-3pm
uaLe - SaLurday,
May 10Lh
u1C 3.102

no Lxcuses!

1/12/14
8
Statistics Everywhere!
We see sLausucs reporLed ln varlous ways
ln Lhe medla
ln magazlnes
Cn 1v ln Lhe news
Cn 1v ln commerclals
Cn 1ed1alks

Pow do we lnLerpreL Lhem?

Pow do we know wheLher or noL Lo LrusL Lhem?
WhaL are SLausucs 8eally AbouL?

SLausucs ls abouL varlauon
noL all measuremenLs Laken from a sample wlll be Lhe same
1here ls varlauon we cannoL see
Lxample:
WanL Lo geL an ldea abouL Lhe body welghL of a cerLaln
specles
1/12/14
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opulauons versus Samples
opulauon
ALL posslble unlLs we would llke Lo observe
We cannoL observe all posslble unlLs
ConsLralnLs ln ume, money and resources
opulauon: A|| of a parucular specles of (Alaskan Moose)
Sample
8esulLs obLalned from a sample are lnLeresung because lL can
be used Lo undersLand Lhe populauon
Sample: A seL of 20 Alaskan Moose LhaL you collecL Lo welgh
Avallable aL: hup://www.mooseworld.com/
arameLers and LsumaLes
Avallable aL: hup://www.mooseworld.com/
A8AML1L8
A numerlcal summary
calculaLed for Lhe
populauon
Mean welghL of all of a
parucular moose specles ln
Lhe world
(Lx. mean, sLandard devlauon ln
kllograms)

Always unknown
LS1lMA1L
AkA S1A1lS1lC
A numerlcal summary
calculaLed for Lhe
sample
Mean welghL of 20 Alaskan
Moose you sampled
(Lx. mean, sLandard devlauon ln
kllograms)

Always known

WhaL makes a good sample?
Low sampllng error (or varlauon)
LsumaLes wlll never equal Lhe parameLer of lnLeresL
We would however llke Lo geL as close Lo lL as posslble
Sampllng error ls whaL causes Lhls dlerence beLween Lhe esumaLe and
Lhe parameLer
Plgh preclslon
Low sampllng varlauon wlll LranslaLe Lo hlgh preclslon
Low/no blas
8las ls how much Lhe esumaLe varles from Lhe parameLer
1here are many meLhods ln place Lo reduce blas ln sampllng
lmage avallable aL: hup://www.sLausucsvlews.com/deLalls/feaLure/3663861/ConLrol-charLs--Lools-for-undersLandlng-varlauon.hLml
1/12/14
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Cood ways Lo sample
Coal ls Lo reduce blas
- 8andom sampllng:
- When every unlL ln Lhe populauon has an equal chance of belng ln Lhe
sample.
Lxample: When every posslble subseL (sample) from Lhe populauon ls equally
llkely Lo be selecLed
- ln cllnlcal Lrlals, we creaLe randomlzauon schemes
- Lvery research paruclpanL has an equal chance Lo go lnLo a LreaLmenL group
or a placebo group
- unsclenuc ways Lo sample:
- Convenlence sample (anyone who ls avallable)
- volunLeer response (someumes for paymenL llke a SLarbucks coupon, eLc.)


varlable Lypes
CaLegorlcal varlable:
A varlable LhaL Lakes values LhaL fall lnLo pre-specled caLegorles.
CaLegorlcal varlables donL have unlLs.

- nomlnal: When Lhe caLegorles have no naLural orderlng
ex. gender, eye color

- Crdlnal: When Lhe caLegorles have naLural orderlng


S, M, L, xL A, 8, C, u, l ?oungesL Lo oldesL
varlables
1haL Lhlng you are sLudylng
numerlcal (or CuanuLauve) varlable:
A varlable LhaL can be measured/counLed
Always has unlLs
WelghL of , number of, amounL of, lengLh of.
Conunuous
numerlcal daLa LhaL Lake real-number values
PelghL ln cm
WelghL ln kg
ulscreLe
numerlcal daLa can Lake lnLeger values (posluve &negauve whole numbers,
and zero) LhaL can be counLed
number of 1As ln Lhls course
number of chalrs ln Lhe lecLure hall
1/12/14
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varlable relauonshlps
We use one varlable Lo predlcL
Lhe ouLcome of anoLher varlable
AkA redlcLor varlable
AkA lndependenL varlable
AkA LxplanaLory varlable

We measure or counL Lhe
varlable of lnLeresL
AkA uependenL varlable
AkA 8esponse varlable
AkA CuLcome varlable
redlcung number of cholera cases from sea LemperaLure, surface
helghLs & Chlorophyll A levels






Avallable aL: hup://www.ncbl.nlm.nlh.gov/pmc/arucles/MC2819876/
1ypes of sLudles
C8SL8vA1lCnAL
When lndlvlduals are noL randomly
asslgned Lo groups
And when Lhe sLudy ls done wlLh Lhe
sub[ecLs LhaL are avallable, raLher
Lhan wlLh sub[ecLs LhaL are chosen
LxL8lMLn1AL
When sub[ecLs are randomlzed Lo
groups
And when Lhe sLudy ls carefully
planned ln a sclenuc manner
Avallable aL:
hup://www.healLhcaredeslgnmagazlne.com/arucle/louls-and-phyllls-frledman-
neurologlcal-rehablllLauon-cenLer-slnal-balumore-md
Avallable aL, hups://www.google.com/search?q=hosplLal+research
+lmages&oq=hosplLal+research+lmages&aqs=chrome..
69l37.6763[0[9&sourceld=chrome&espv=210&es_sm=119&le=u1l-8