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a
B
S
Figure P31.67
68. A conducting rod moves with a constant velocity in a
direction perpendicular to a long, straight wire carry-
ing a current I as shown in Figure P31.68. Show that
the magnitude of the emf generated between the ends
of the rod is
0 e0 5
m
0
vI ,
2pr
In this case, note that the emf decreases with increas-
ing r as you might expect.
S
R C
B
in
S
Figure P31.72
r
I
v
S
Figure P31.68
B
S
Figure P31.70
Unless otherwise noted, all content on this page is Cengage Learning.
968 Chapter 31 Faradays Law
rent I in the plane of the loop (Fig. P31.76). The total
resistance of the loop is R. Derive an expression that
gives the current in the loop at the instant the near
side is a distance r from the wire.
77. A long, straight wire carries a current given by I 5
I
max
sin (vt1 f). The wire lies in the plane of a rectan-
gular coil of N turns of wire as shown in Figure P31.77.
The quantities I
max
, v, and f are all constants. Assume
I
max
5 50.0 A, v 5 200p s
21
, N 5 100, h 5 w 5 5.00 cm,
and L 5 20.0 cm. Determine the emf induced in the
coil by the magnetic field created by the current in the
straight wire.
w
h
L
I
Figure P31.77
78. A thin wire , 5 30.0 cm long is held parallel to and
d5 80.0 cm above a long, thin wire carrying I 5 200 A
and fixed in position (Fig. P31.78). The 30.0-cm wire
is released at the instant t 5 0 and falls, remaining
parallel to the current-carrying
wire as it falls. Assume the fall-
ing wire accelerates at 9.80 m/s
2
.
(a) Derive an equation for the emf
induced in it as a function of time.
(b) What is the minimum value of
the emf? (c) What is the maximum
value? (d) What is the induced emf
0.300 s after the wire is released?
Challenge Problems
79. Two infinitely long solenoids (seen in cross section)
pass through a circuit as shown in Figure P31.79. The
magnitude of B
S
inside each is the same and is increas-
ing at the rate of 100 T/s. What is the current in each
resistor?
B
out
S B
in
S
0.500 m 0.500 m
0.500 m
6.00 5.00 3.00
r
2
= 0.150 m r
1
= 0.100 m
Figure P31.79
80. An induction furnace uses electromagnetic induction
to produce eddy currents in a conductor, thereby rais-
ing the conductors temperature. Commercial units
M
d
,
I
Figure P31.78
S
S
with its plane normal to the field. (a)Find the charge
Q on the capacitor when it is fully charged. (b) Which
plate, upper or lower, is at the higher potential? (c) Dis-
cuss the force that causes the separation of charges.
73. An N-turn square coil with side , and resistance R is
pulled to the right at constant speed v in the presence
of a uniform magnetic field B acting perpendicular to
the coil as shown in Figure P31.73. At t 5 0, the right
side of the coil has just departed the right edge of the
field. At time t, the left side of the coil enters the region
where B 5 0. In terms of the quantities N, B, ,, v, and
R, find symbolic expressions for (a) the magnitude of
the induced emf in the loop during the time interval
from t 5 0 to t, (b) the magnitude of the induced cur-
rent in the coil, (c) the power delivered to the coil, and
(d) the force required to remove the coil from the field.
(e) What is the direction of the induced current in the
loop? (f) What is the direction of the magnetic force on
the loop while it is being pulled out of the field?
F
app
S
B 0
S
B
in
S
Figure P31.73
74. A conducting rod of length , moves with velocity v
S
parallel to a long wire carrying a steady current I. The
axis of the rod is maintained perpendicular to the wire
with the near end a distance r away (Fig. P31.74). Show
that the magnitude of the emf induced in the rod is
0 e0 5
m
0
Iv
2p
ln a1 1
,
r
b
r
I
v
S
Figure P31.74
75. The magnetic flux through a metal ring varies with
time t according to F
B
5 at
3
2 bt
2
, where F
B
is in
webers, a5 6.00 s
23
, b 5 18.0 s
22
, and t is in seconds.
The resistance of the ring is
3.00 V. For the interval from
t 5 0 to t 5 2.00 s, deter-
mine the maximum current
induced in the ring.
76. A rectangular loop of dimen-
sions , and w moves with a
constant velocity v
S
away from
a long wire that carries a cur-
S
S
M
S
I
R
r w
v
S
Figure P31.76
Unless otherwise noted, all content on this page is Cengage Learning.
Problems 967
69. A small, circular washer of radius a 5 0.500 cm is held
directly below a long, straight wire carrying a current
of I5 10.0 A. The washer is located h 5 0.500 m above
the top of a table (Fig. P31.69). Assume the magnetic
field is nearly constant over the area of the washer and
equal to the magnetic field at the center of the washer.
(a) If the washer is dropped from rest, what is the mag-
nitude of the average induced emf in the washer over
the time interval between its release and the moment
it hits the tabletop? (b) What is the direction of the
induced current in the washer?
h
I
Figure P31.69
70. Figure P31.70 shows a compact, circular coil with
220 turns and radius 12.0 cm immersed in a uniform
magnetic field parallel to the axis of the coil. The rate
of change of the field has the constant magnitude
20.0 mT/s. (a) What additional information is neces-
sary to determine whether the coil is carrying clock-
wise or counterclockwise current?
(b) The coil overheats if more than
160 W of power is delivered to it.
What resistance would the coil have
at this critical point? (c) To run
cooler, should it have lower resis-
tance or higher resistance?
71. A rectangular coil of 60 turns, dimensions 0.100 m by
0.200 m, and total resistance 10.0 V rotates with angu-
lar speed 30.0 rad/s about the y axis in a region where
a 1.00-T magnetic field is directed along the x axis.
The time t 5 0 is chosen to be at an instant when the
plane of the coil is perpendicular to the direction of B
S
.
Calculate (a) the maximum induced emf in the coil,
(b) the maximum rate of change of magnetic flux
through the coil, (c) the induced emf at t 5 0.050 0 s,
and (d) the torque exerted by the magnetic field on
the coil at the instant when the emf is a maximum.
72. Review. In Figure P31.72, a uniform magnetic field
decreases at a constant rate dB/dt 5 2K, where K is a
positive constant. A circular loop of wire of radius a
containing a resistance R and a capacitance C is placed
AMT
Q/C
Q/C
S
The wheels make good electrical contact with the
rails, so the axle, rails, and R form a closed-loop cir-
cuit. The only significant resistance in the circuit is R.
A uniform magnetic field B 5 0.080 0 T is vertically
downward. (a) Find the induced current I in the resis-
tor. (b) What horizontal force F is required to keep
the axle rolling at constant speed? (c) Which end
of the resistor, a or b, is at the higher electric poten-
tial? (d)What If? After the axle rolls past the resistor,
does the current in R reverse direction? Explain your
answer.
67. Figure P31.67 shows a stationary conductor whose
shape is similar to the letter e. The radius of its circu-
lar portion is a 5 50.0 cm. It is placed in a constant
magnetic field of 0.500 T directed out of the page.
A straight conducting rod, 50.0 cm long, is pivoted
about point O and rotates with a constant angular
speed of 2.00 rad/s. (a) Determine the induced emf in
the loop POQ. Note that the area of the loop is ua
2
/2.
(b) If all the conducting material has a resistance per
length of 5.00 V/m, what is the induced current in the
loop POQ at the instant 0.250 s after point P passes
point Q?
This rod rotates
about O.
P
Q
O
out
a
B
S
Figure P31.67
68. A conducting rod moves with a constant velocity in a
direction perpendicular to a long, straight wire carry-
ing a current I as shown in Figure P31.68. Show that
the magnitude of the emf generated between the ends
of the rod is
0 e0 5
m
0
vI ,
2pr
In this case, note that the emf decreases with increas-
ing r as you might expect.
S
R C
B
in
S
Figure P31.72
r
I
v
S
Figure P31.68
B
S
Figure P31.70
Unless otherwise noted, all content on this page is Cengage Learning.
Problems 967
69. A small, circular washer of radius a 5 0.500 cm is held
directly below a long, straight wire carrying a current
of I5 10.0 A. The washer is located h 5 0.500 m above
the top of a table (Fig. P31.69). Assume the magnetic
field is nearly constant over the area of the washer and
equal to the magnetic field at the center of the washer.
(a) If the washer is dropped from rest, what is the mag-
nitude of the average induced emf in the washer over
the time interval between its release and the moment
it hits the tabletop? (b) What is the direction of the
induced current in the washer?
h
I
Figure P31.69
70. Figure P31.70 shows a compact, circular coil with
220 turns and radius 12.0 cm immersed in a uniform
magnetic field parallel to the axis of the coil. The rate
of change of the field has the constant magnitude
20.0 mT/s. (a) What additional information is neces-
sary to determine whether the coil is carrying clock-
wise or counterclockwise current?
(b) The coil overheats if more than
160 W of power is delivered to it.
What resistance would the coil have
at this critical point? (c) To run
cooler, should it have lower resis-
tance or higher resistance?
71. A rectangular coil of 60 turns, dimensions 0.100 m by
0.200 m, and total resistance 10.0 V rotates with angu-
lar speed 30.0 rad/s about the y axis in a region where
a 1.00-T magnetic field is directed along the x axis.
The time t 5 0 is chosen to be at an instant when the
plane of the coil is perpendicular to the direction of B
S
.
Calculate (a) the maximum induced emf in the coil,
(b) the maximum rate of change of magnetic flux
through the coil, (c) the induced emf at t 5 0.050 0 s,
and (d) the torque exerted by the magnetic field on
the coil at the instant when the emf is a maximum.
72. Review. In Figure P31.72, a uniform magnetic field
decreases at a constant rate dB/dt 5 2K, where K is a
positive constant. A circular loop of wire of radius a
containing a resistance R and a capacitance C is placed
AMT
Q/C
Q/C
S
The wheels make good electrical contact with the
rails, so the axle, rails, and R form a closed-loop cir-
cuit. The only significant resistance in the circuit is R.
A uniform magnetic field B 5 0.080 0 T is vertically
downward. (a) Find the induced current I in the resis-
tor. (b) What horizontal force F is required to keep
the axle rolling at constant speed? (c) Which end
of the resistor, a or b, is at the higher electric poten-
tial? (d)What If? After the axle rolls past the resistor,
does the current in R reverse direction? Explain your
answer.
67. Figure P31.67 shows a stationary conductor whose
shape is similar to the letter e. The radius of its circu-
lar portion is a 5 50.0 cm. It is placed in a constant
magnetic field of 0.500 T directed out of the page.
A straight conducting rod, 50.0 cm long, is pivoted
about point O and rotates with a constant angular
speed of 2.00 rad/s. (a) Determine the induced emf in
the loop POQ. Note that the area of the loop is ua
2
/2.
(b) If all the conducting material has a resistance per
length of 5.00 V/m, what is the induced current in the
loop POQ at the instant 0.250 s after point P passes
point Q?
This rod rotates
about O.
P
Q
O
out
a
B
S
Figure P31.67
68. A conducting rod moves with a constant velocity in a
direction perpendicular to a long, straight wire carry-
ing a current I as shown in Figure P31.68. Show that
the magnitude of the emf generated between the ends
of the rod is
0 e0 5
m
0
vI ,
2pr
In this case, note that the emf decreases with increas-
ing r as you might expect.
S
R C
B
in
S
Figure P31.72
r
I
v
S
Figure P31.68
B
S
Figure P31.70
Unless otherwise noted, all content on this page is Cengage Learning.
968 Chapter 31 Faradays Law
rent I in the plane of the loop (Fig. P31.76). The total
resistance of the loop is R. Derive an expression that
gives the current in the loop at the instant the near
side is a distance r from the wire.
77. A long, straight wire carries a current given by I 5
I
max
sin (vt1 f). The wire lies in the plane of a rectan-
gular coil of N turns of wire as shown in Figure P31.77.
The quantities I
max
, v, and f are all constants. Assume
I
max
5 50.0 A, v 5 200p s
21
, N 5 100, h 5 w 5 5.00 cm,
and L 5 20.0 cm. Determine the emf induced in the
coil by the magnetic field created by the current in the
straight wire.
w
h
L
I
Figure P31.77
78. A thin wire , 5 30.0 cm long is held parallel to and
d5 80.0 cm above a long, thin wire carrying I 5 200 A
and fixed in position (Fig. P31.78). The 30.0-cm wire
is released at the instant t 5 0 and falls, remaining
parallel to the current-carrying
wire as it falls. Assume the fall-
ing wire accelerates at 9.80 m/s
2
.
(a) Derive an equation for the emf
induced in it as a function of time.
(b) What is the minimum value of
the emf? (c) What is the maximum
value? (d) What is the induced emf
0.300 s after the wire is released?
Challenge Problems
79. Two infinitely long solenoids (seen in cross section)
pass through a circuit as shown in Figure P31.79. The
magnitude of B
S
inside each is the same and is increas-
ing at the rate of 100 T/s. What is the current in each
resistor?
B
out
S B
in
S
0.500 m 0.500 m
0.500 m
6.00 5.00 3.00
r
2
= 0.150 m r
1
= 0.100 m
Figure P31.79
80. An induction furnace uses electromagnetic induction
to produce eddy currents in a conductor, thereby rais-
ing the conductors temperature. Commercial units
M
d
,
I
Figure P31.78
S
S
with its plane normal to the field. (a)Find the charge
Q on the capacitor when it is fully charged. (b) Which
plate, upper or lower, is at the higher potential? (c) Dis-
cuss the force that causes the separation of charges.
73. An N-turn square coil with side , and resistance R is
pulled to the right at constant speed v in the presence
of a uniform magnetic field B acting perpendicular to
the coil as shown in Figure P31.73. At t 5 0, the right
side of the coil has just departed the right edge of the
field. At time t, the left side of the coil enters the region
where B 5 0. In terms of the quantities N, B, ,, v, and
R, find symbolic expressions for (a) the magnitude of
the induced emf in the loop during the time interval
from t 5 0 to t, (b) the magnitude of the induced cur-
rent in the coil, (c) the power delivered to the coil, and
(d) the force required to remove the coil from the field.
(e) What is the direction of the induced current in the
loop? (f) What is the direction of the magnetic force on
the loop while it is being pulled out of the field?
F
app
S
B 0
S
B
in
S
Figure P31.73
74. A conducting rod of length , moves with velocity v
S
parallel to a long wire carrying a steady current I. The
axis of the rod is maintained perpendicular to the wire
with the near end a distance r away (Fig. P31.74). Show
that the magnitude of the emf induced in the rod is
0 e0 5
m
0
Iv
2p
ln a1 1
,
r
b
r
I
v
S
Figure P31.74
75. The magnetic flux through a metal ring varies with
time t according to F
B
5 at
3
2 bt
2
, where F
B
is in
webers, a5 6.00 s
23
, b 5 18.0 s
22
, and t is in seconds.
The resistance of the ring is
3.00 V. For the interval from
t 5 0 to t 5 2.00 s, deter-
mine the maximum current
induced in the ring.
76. A rectangular loop of dimen-
sions , and w moves with a
constant velocity v
S
away from
a long wire that carries a cur-
S
S
M
S
I
R
r w
v
S
Figure P31.76
Unless otherwise noted, all content on this page is Cengage Learning.
Problems 967
69. A small, circular washer of radius a 5 0.500 cm is held
directly below a long, straight wire carrying a current
of I5 10.0 A. The washer is located h 5 0.500 m above
the top of a table (Fig. P31.69). Assume the magnetic
field is nearly constant over the area of the washer and
equal to the magnetic field at the center of the washer.
(a) If the washer is dropped from rest, what is the mag-
nitude of the average induced emf in the washer over
the time interval between its release and the moment
it hits the tabletop? (b) What is the direction of the
induced current in the washer?
h
I
Figure P31.69
70. Figure P31.70 shows a compact, circular coil with
220 turns and radius 12.0 cm immersed in a uniform
magnetic field parallel to the axis of the coil. The rate
of change of the field has the constant magnitude
20.0 mT/s. (a) What additional information is neces-
sary to determine whether the coil is carrying clock-
wise or counterclockwise current?
(b) The coil overheats if more than
160 W of power is delivered to it.
What resistance would the coil have
at this critical point? (c) To run
cooler, should it have lower resis-
tance or higher resistance?
71. A rectangular coil of 60 turns, dimensions 0.100 m by
0.200 m, and total resistance 10.0 V rotates with angu-
lar speed 30.0 rad/s about the y axis in a region where
a 1.00-T magnetic field is directed along the x axis.
The time t 5 0 is chosen to be at an instant when the
plane of the coil is perpendicular to the direction of B
S
.
Calculate (a) the maximum induced emf in the coil,
(b) the maximum rate of change of magnetic flux
through the coil, (c) the induced emf at t 5 0.050 0 s,
and (d) the torque exerted by the magnetic field on
the coil at the instant when the emf is a maximum.
72. Review. In Figure P31.72, a uniform magnetic field
decreases at a constant rate dB/dt 5 2K, where K is a
positive constant. A circular loop of wire of radius a
containing a resistance R and a capacitance C is placed
AMT
Q/C
Q/C
S
The wheels make good electrical contact with the
rails, so the axle, rails, and R form a closed-loop cir-
cuit. The only significant resistance in the circuit is R.
A uniform magnetic field B 5 0.080 0 T is vertically
downward. (a) Find the induced current I in the resis-
tor. (b) What horizontal force F is required to keep
the axle rolling at constant speed? (c) Which end
of the resistor, a or b, is at the higher electric poten-
tial? (d)What If? After the axle rolls past the resistor,
does the current in R reverse direction? Explain your
answer.
67. Figure P31.67 shows a stationary conductor whose
shape is similar to the letter e. The radius of its circu-
lar portion is a 5 50.0 cm. It is placed in a constant
magnetic field of 0.500 T directed out of the page.
A straight conducting rod, 50.0 cm long, is pivoted
about point O and rotates with a constant angular
speed of 2.00 rad/s. (a) Determine the induced emf in
the loop POQ. Note that the area of the loop is ua
2
/2.
(b) If all the conducting material has a resistance per
length of 5.00 V/m, what is the induced current in the
loop POQ at the instant 0.250 s after point P passes
point Q?
This rod rotates
about O.
P
Q
O
out
a
B
S
Figure P31.67
68. A conducting rod moves with a constant velocity in a
direction perpendicular to a long, straight wire carry-
ing a current I as shown in Figure P31.68. Show that
the magnitude of the emf generated between the ends
of the rod is
0 e0 5
m
0
vI ,
2pr
In this case, note that the emf decreases with increas-
ing r as you might expect.
S
R C
B
in
S
Figure P31.72
r
I
v
S
Figure P31.68
B
S
Figure P31.70
given:
dB/dt = -K
radius a
resistance R
capacitance C
nd:
(a) Q
to nd Q:
Q = C
= -d/dt(NBA)
nd :
what is N?
N = 1
nd A:
A = !a
2
plug in:
= (-1)(dB/dt)(!a
2
)
Q = C(-1)(dB/dt)(!a
2
)
Q = C!a
2
K
include given values:
Unless otherwise noted, all content on this page is Cengage Learning.
Problems 967
69. A small, circular washer of radius a 5 0.500 cm is held
directly below a long, straight wire carrying a current
of I5 10.0 A. The washer is located h 5 0.500 m above
the top of a table (Fig. P31.69). Assume the magnetic
field is nearly constant over the area of the washer and
equal to the magnetic field at the center of the washer.
(a) If the washer is dropped from rest, what is the mag-
nitude of the average induced emf in the washer over
the time interval between its release and the moment
it hits the tabletop? (b) What is the direction of the
induced current in the washer?
h
I
Figure P31.69
70. Figure P31.70 shows a compact, circular coil with
220 turns and radius 12.0 cm immersed in a uniform
magnetic field parallel to the axis of the coil. The rate
of change of the field has the constant magnitude
20.0 mT/s. (a) What additional information is neces-
sary to determine whether the coil is carrying clock-
wise or counterclockwise current?
(b) The coil overheats if more than
160 W of power is delivered to it.
What resistance would the coil have
at this critical point? (c) To run
cooler, should it have lower resis-
tance or higher resistance?
71. A rectangular coil of 60 turns, dimensions 0.100 m by
0.200 m, and total resistance 10.0 V rotates with angu-
lar speed 30.0 rad/s about the y axis in a region where
a 1.00-T magnetic field is directed along the x axis.
The time t 5 0 is chosen to be at an instant when the
plane of the coil is perpendicular to the direction of B
S
.
Calculate (a) the maximum induced emf in the coil,
(b) the maximum rate of change of magnetic flux
through the coil, (c) the induced emf at t 5 0.050 0 s,
and (d) the torque exerted by the magnetic field on
the coil at the instant when the emf is a maximum.
72. Review. In Figure P31.72, a uniform magnetic field
decreases at a constant rate dB/dt 5 2K, where K is a
positive constant. A circular loop of wire of radius a
containing a resistance R and a capacitance C is placed
AMT
Q/C
Q/C
S
The wheels make good electrical contact with the
rails, so the axle, rails, and R form a closed-loop cir-
cuit. The only significant resistance in the circuit is R.
A uniform magnetic field B 5 0.080 0 T is vertically
downward. (a) Find the induced current I in the resis-
tor. (b) What horizontal force F is required to keep
the axle rolling at constant speed? (c) Which end
of the resistor, a or b, is at the higher electric poten-
tial? (d)What If? After the axle rolls past the resistor,
does the current in R reverse direction? Explain your
answer.
67. Figure P31.67 shows a stationary conductor whose
shape is similar to the letter e. The radius of its circu-
lar portion is a 5 50.0 cm. It is placed in a constant
magnetic field of 0.500 T directed out of the page.
A straight conducting rod, 50.0 cm long, is pivoted
about point O and rotates with a constant angular
speed of 2.00 rad/s. (a) Determine the induced emf in
the loop POQ. Note that the area of the loop is ua
2
/2.
(b) If all the conducting material has a resistance per
length of 5.00 V/m, what is the induced current in the
loop POQ at the instant 0.250 s after point P passes
point Q?
This rod rotates
about O.
P
Q
O
out
a
B
S
Figure P31.67
68. A conducting rod moves with a constant velocity in a
direction perpendicular to a long, straight wire carry-
ing a current I as shown in Figure P31.68. Show that
the magnitude of the emf generated between the ends
of the rod is
0 e0 5
m
0
vI ,
2pr
In this case, note that the emf decreases with increas-
ing r as you might expect.
S
R C
B
in
S
Figure P31.72
r
I
v
S
Figure P31.68
B
S
Figure P31.70
Unless otherwise noted, all content on this page is Cengage Learning.
968 Chapter 31 Faradays Law
rent I in the plane of the loop (Fig. P31.76). The total
resistance of the loop is R. Derive an expression that
gives the current in the loop at the instant the near
side is a distance r from the wire.
77. A long, straight wire carries a current given by I 5
I
max
sin (vt1 f). The wire lies in the plane of a rectan-
gular coil of N turns of wire as shown in Figure P31.77.
The quantities I
max
, v, and f are all constants. Assume
I
max
5 50.0 A, v 5 200p s
21
, N 5 100, h 5 w 5 5.00 cm,
and L 5 20.0 cm. Determine the emf induced in the
coil by the magnetic field created by the current in the
straight wire.
w
h
L
I
Figure P31.77
78. A thin wire , 5 30.0 cm long is held parallel to and
d5 80.0 cm above a long, thin wire carrying I 5 200 A
and fixed in position (Fig. P31.78). The 30.0-cm wire
is released at the instant t 5 0 and falls, remaining
parallel to the current-carrying
wire as it falls. Assume the fall-
ing wire accelerates at 9.80 m/s
2
.
(a) Derive an equation for the emf
induced in it as a function of time.
(b) What is the minimum value of
the emf? (c) What is the maximum
value? (d) What is the induced emf
0.300 s after the wire is released?
Challenge Problems
79. Two infinitely long solenoids (seen in cross section)
pass through a circuit as shown in Figure P31.79. The
magnitude of B
S
inside each is the same and is increas-
ing at the rate of 100 T/s. What is the current in each
resistor?
B
out
S B
in
S
0.500 m 0.500 m
0.500 m
6.00 5.00 3.00
r
2
= 0.150 m r
1
= 0.100 m
Figure P31.79
80. An induction furnace uses electromagnetic induction
to produce eddy currents in a conductor, thereby rais-
ing the conductors temperature. Commercial units
M
d
,
I
Figure P31.78
S
S
with its plane normal to the field. (a)Find the charge
Q on the capacitor when it is fully charged. (b) Which
plate, upper or lower, is at the higher potential? (c) Dis-
cuss the force that causes the separation of charges.
73. An N-turn square coil with side , and resistance R is
pulled to the right at constant speed v in the presence
of a uniform magnetic field B acting perpendicular to
the coil as shown in Figure P31.73. At t 5 0, the right
side of the coil has just departed the right edge of the
field. At time t, the left side of the coil enters the region
where B 5 0. In terms of the quantities N, B, ,, v, and
R, find symbolic expressions for (a) the magnitude of
the induced emf in the loop during the time interval
from t 5 0 to t, (b) the magnitude of the induced cur-
rent in the coil, (c) the power delivered to the coil, and
(d) the force required to remove the coil from the field.
(e) What is the direction of the induced current in the
loop? (f) What is the direction of the magnetic force on
the loop while it is being pulled out of the field?
F
app
S
B 0
S
B
in
S
Figure P31.73
74. A conducting rod of length , moves with velocity v
S
parallel to a long wire carrying a steady current I. The
axis of the rod is maintained perpendicular to the wire
with the near end a distance r away (Fig. P31.74). Show
that the magnitude of the emf induced in the rod is
0 e0 5
m
0
Iv
2p
ln a1 1
,
r
b
r
I
v
S
Figure P31.74
75. The magnetic flux through a metal ring varies with
time t according to F
B
5 at
3
2 bt
2
, where F
B
is in
webers, a5 6.00 s
23
, b 5 18.0 s
22
, and t is in seconds.
The resistance of the ring is
3.00 V. For the interval from
t 5 0 to t 5 2.00 s, deter-
mine the maximum current
induced in the ring.
76. A rectangular loop of dimen-
sions , and w moves with a
constant velocity v
S
away from
a long wire that carries a cur-
S
S
M
S
I
R
r w
v
S
Figure P31.76
Unless otherwise noted, all content on this page is Cengage Learning.
Problems 967
69. A small, circular washer of radius a 5 0.500 cm is held
directly below a long, straight wire carrying a current
of I5 10.0 A. The washer is located h 5 0.500 m above
the top of a table (Fig. P31.69). Assume the magnetic
field is nearly constant over the area of the washer and
equal to the magnetic field at the center of the washer.
(a) If the washer is dropped from rest, what is the mag-
nitude of the average induced emf in the washer over
the time interval between its release and the moment
it hits the tabletop? (b) What is the direction of the
induced current in the washer?
h
I
Figure P31.69
70. Figure P31.70 shows a compact, circular coil with
220 turns and radius 12.0 cm immersed in a uniform
magnetic field parallel to the axis of the coil. The rate
of change of the field has the constant magnitude
20.0 mT/s. (a) What additional information is neces-
sary to determine whether the coil is carrying clock-
wise or counterclockwise current?
(b) The coil overheats if more than
160 W of power is delivered to it.
What resistance would the coil have
at this critical point? (c) To run
cooler, should it have lower resis-
tance or higher resistance?
71. A rectangular coil of 60 turns, dimensions 0.100 m by
0.200 m, and total resistance 10.0 V rotates with angu-
lar speed 30.0 rad/s about the y axis in a region where
a 1.00-T magnetic field is directed along the x axis.
The time t 5 0 is chosen to be at an instant when the
plane of the coil is perpendicular to the direction of B
S
.
Calculate (a) the maximum induced emf in the coil,
(b) the maximum rate of change of magnetic flux
through the coil, (c) the induced emf at t 5 0.050 0 s,
and (d) the torque exerted by the magnetic field on
the coil at the instant when the emf is a maximum.
72. Review. In Figure P31.72, a uniform magnetic field
decreases at a constant rate dB/dt 5 2K, where K is a
positive constant. A circular loop of wire of radius a
containing a resistance R and a capacitance C is placed
AMT
Q/C
Q/C
S
The wheels make good electrical contact with the
rails, so the axle, rails, and R form a closed-loop cir-
cuit. The only significant resistance in the circuit is R.
A uniform magnetic field B 5 0.080 0 T is vertically
downward. (a) Find the induced current I in the resis-
tor. (b) What horizontal force F is required to keep
the axle rolling at constant speed? (c) Which end
of the resistor, a or b, is at the higher electric poten-
tial? (d)What If? After the axle rolls past the resistor,
does the current in R reverse direction? Explain your
answer.
67. Figure P31.67 shows a stationary conductor whose
shape is similar to the letter e. The radius of its circu-
lar portion is a 5 50.0 cm. It is placed in a constant
magnetic field of 0.500 T directed out of the page.
A straight conducting rod, 50.0 cm long, is pivoted
about point O and rotates with a constant angular
speed of 2.00 rad/s. (a) Determine the induced emf in
the loop POQ. Note that the area of the loop is ua
2
/2.
(b) If all the conducting material has a resistance per
length of 5.00 V/m, what is the induced current in the
loop POQ at the instant 0.250 s after point P passes
point Q?
This rod rotates
about O.
P
Q
O
out
a
B
S
Figure P31.67
68. A conducting rod moves with a constant velocity in a
direction perpendicular to a long, straight wire carry-
ing a current I as shown in Figure P31.68. Show that
the magnitude of the emf generated between the ends
of the rod is
0 e0 5
m
0
vI ,
2pr
In this case, note that the emf decreases with increas-
ing r as you might expect.
S
R C
B
in
S
Figure P31.72
r
I
v
S
Figure P31.68
B
S
Figure P31.70
part (b)
is there an
increasing or
decreasing
?
yes,
decreasing
(into the
screen)
what direction
would a new
B eld point to
oppose this
change in ?
into the
screen
what direction must current ow through the loop to produce a B eld
in this direction?
clockwise
which capacitor plate will accumulate positive charge (higher potential)?
the upper plate
Unless otherwise noted, all content on this page is Cengage Learning.
Problems 967
69. A small, circular washer of radius a 5 0.500 cm is held
directly below a long, straight wire carrying a current
of I5 10.0 A. The washer is located h 5 0.500 m above
the top of a table (Fig. P31.69). Assume the magnetic
field is nearly constant over the area of the washer and
equal to the magnetic field at the center of the washer.
(a) If the washer is dropped from rest, what is the mag-
nitude of the average induced emf in the washer over
the time interval between its release and the moment
it hits the tabletop? (b) What is the direction of the
induced current in the washer?
h
I
Figure P31.69
70. Figure P31.70 shows a compact, circular coil with
220 turns and radius 12.0 cm immersed in a uniform
magnetic field parallel to the axis of the coil. The rate
of change of the field has the constant magnitude
20.0 mT/s. (a) What additional information is neces-
sary to determine whether the coil is carrying clock-
wise or counterclockwise current?
(b) The coil overheats if more than
160 W of power is delivered to it.
What resistance would the coil have
at this critical point? (c) To run
cooler, should it have lower resis-
tance or higher resistance?
71. A rectangular coil of 60 turns, dimensions 0.100 m by
0.200 m, and total resistance 10.0 V rotates with angu-
lar speed 30.0 rad/s about the y axis in a region where
a 1.00-T magnetic field is directed along the x axis.
The time t 5 0 is chosen to be at an instant when the
plane of the coil is perpendicular to the direction of B
S
.
Calculate (a) the maximum induced emf in the coil,
(b) the maximum rate of change of magnetic flux
through the coil, (c) the induced emf at t 5 0.050 0 s,
and (d) the torque exerted by the magnetic field on
the coil at the instant when the emf is a maximum.
72. Review. In Figure P31.72, a uniform magnetic field
decreases at a constant rate dB/dt 5 2K, where K is a
positive constant. A circular loop of wire of radius a
containing a resistance R and a capacitance C is placed
AMT
Q/C
Q/C
S
The wheels make good electrical contact with the
rails, so the axle, rails, and R form a closed-loop cir-
cuit. The only significant resistance in the circuit is R.
A uniform magnetic field B 5 0.080 0 T is vertically
downward. (a) Find the induced current I in the resis-
tor. (b) What horizontal force F is required to keep
the axle rolling at constant speed? (c) Which end
of the resistor, a or b, is at the higher electric poten-
tial? (d)What If? After the axle rolls past the resistor,
does the current in R reverse direction? Explain your
answer.
67. Figure P31.67 shows a stationary conductor whose
shape is similar to the letter e. The radius of its circu-
lar portion is a 5 50.0 cm. It is placed in a constant
magnetic field of 0.500 T directed out of the page.
A straight conducting rod, 50.0 cm long, is pivoted
about point O and rotates with a constant angular
speed of 2.00 rad/s. (a) Determine the induced emf in
the loop POQ. Note that the area of the loop is ua
2
/2.
(b) If all the conducting material has a resistance per
length of 5.00 V/m, what is the induced current in the
loop POQ at the instant 0.250 s after point P passes
point Q?
This rod rotates
about O.
P
Q
O
out
a
B
S
Figure P31.67
68. A conducting rod moves with a constant velocity in a
direction perpendicular to a long, straight wire carry-
ing a current I as shown in Figure P31.68. Show that
the magnitude of the emf generated between the ends
of the rod is
0 e0 5
m
0
vI ,
2pr
In this case, note that the emf decreases with increas-
ing r as you might expect.
S
R C
B
in
S
Figure P31.72
r
I
v
S
Figure P31.68
B
S
Figure P31.70
Unless otherwise noted, all content on this page is Cengage Learning.
968 Chapter 31 Faradays Law
rent I in the plane of the loop (Fig. P31.76). The total
resistance of the loop is R. Derive an expression that
gives the current in the loop at the instant the near
side is a distance r from the wire.
77. A long, straight wire carries a current given by I 5
I
max
sin (vt1 f). The wire lies in the plane of a rectan-
gular coil of N turns of wire as shown in Figure P31.77.
The quantities I
max
, v, and f are all constants. Assume
I
max
5 50.0 A, v 5 200p s
21
, N 5 100, h 5 w 5 5.00 cm,
and L 5 20.0 cm. Determine the emf induced in the
coil by the magnetic field created by the current in the
straight wire.
w
h
L
I
Figure P31.77
78. A thin wire , 5 30.0 cm long is held parallel to and
d5 80.0 cm above a long, thin wire carrying I 5 200 A
and fixed in position (Fig. P31.78). The 30.0-cm wire
is released at the instant t 5 0 and falls, remaining
parallel to the current-carrying
wire as it falls. Assume the fall-
ing wire accelerates at 9.80 m/s
2
.
(a) Derive an equation for the emf
induced in it as a function of time.
(b) What is the minimum value of
the emf? (c) What is the maximum
value? (d) What is the induced emf
0.300 s after the wire is released?
Challenge Problems
79. Two infinitely long solenoids (seen in cross section)
pass through a circuit as shown in Figure P31.79. The
magnitude of B
S
inside each is the same and is increas-
ing at the rate of 100 T/s. What is the current in each
resistor?
B
out
S B
in
S
0.500 m 0.500 m
0.500 m
6.00 5.00 3.00
r
2
= 0.150 m r
1
= 0.100 m
Figure P31.79
80. An induction furnace uses electromagnetic induction
to produce eddy currents in a conductor, thereby rais-
ing the conductors temperature. Commercial units
M
d
,
I
Figure P31.78
S
S
with its plane normal to the field. (a)Find the charge
Q on the capacitor when it is fully charged. (b) Which
plate, upper or lower, is at the higher potential? (c) Dis-
cuss the force that causes the separation of charges.
73. An N-turn square coil with side , and resistance R is
pulled to the right at constant speed v in the presence
of a uniform magnetic field B acting perpendicular to
the coil as shown in Figure P31.73. At t 5 0, the right
side of the coil has just departed the right edge of the
field. At time t, the left side of the coil enters the region
where B 5 0. In terms of the quantities N, B, ,, v, and
R, find symbolic expressions for (a) the magnitude of
the induced emf in the loop during the time interval
from t 5 0 to t, (b) the magnitude of the induced cur-
rent in the coil, (c) the power delivered to the coil, and
(d) the force required to remove the coil from the field.
(e) What is the direction of the induced current in the
loop? (f) What is the direction of the magnetic force on
the loop while it is being pulled out of the field?
F
app
S
B 0
S
B
in
S
Figure P31.73
74. A conducting rod of length , moves with velocity v
S
parallel to a long wire carrying a steady current I. The
axis of the rod is maintained perpendicular to the wire
with the near end a distance r away (Fig. P31.74). Show
that the magnitude of the emf induced in the rod is
0 e0 5
m
0
Iv
2p
ln a1 1
,
r
b
r
I
v
S
Figure P31.74
75. The magnetic flux through a metal ring varies with
time t according to F
B
5 at
3
2 bt
2
, where F
B
is in
webers, a5 6.00 s
23
, b 5 18.0 s
22
, and t is in seconds.
The resistance of the ring is
3.00 V. For the interval from
t 5 0 to t 5 2.00 s, deter-
mine the maximum current
induced in the ring.
76. A rectangular loop of dimen-
sions , and w moves with a
constant velocity v
S
away from
a long wire that carries a cur-
S
S
M
S
I
R
r w
v
S
Figure P31.76
Unless otherwise noted, all content on this page is Cengage Learning.
Problems 967
69. A small, circular washer of radius a 5 0.500 cm is held
directly below a long, straight wire carrying a current
of I5 10.0 A. The washer is located h 5 0.500 m above
the top of a table (Fig. P31.69). Assume the magnetic
field is nearly constant over the area of the washer and
equal to the magnetic field at the center of the washer.
(a) If the washer is dropped from rest, what is the mag-
nitude of the average induced emf in the washer over
the time interval between its release and the moment
it hits the tabletop? (b) What is the direction of the
induced current in the washer?
h
I
Figure P31.69
70. Figure P31.70 shows a compact, circular coil with
220 turns and radius 12.0 cm immersed in a uniform
magnetic field parallel to the axis of the coil. The rate
of change of the field has the constant magnitude
20.0 mT/s. (a) What additional information is neces-
sary to determine whether the coil is carrying clock-
wise or counterclockwise current?
(b) The coil overheats if more than
160 W of power is delivered to it.
What resistance would the coil have
at this critical point? (c) To run
cooler, should it have lower resis-
tance or higher resistance?
71. A rectangular coil of 60 turns, dimensions 0.100 m by
0.200 m, and total resistance 10.0 V rotates with angu-
lar speed 30.0 rad/s about the y axis in a region where
a 1.00-T magnetic field is directed along the x axis.
The time t 5 0 is chosen to be at an instant when the
plane of the coil is perpendicular to the direction of B
S
.
Calculate (a) the maximum induced emf in the coil,
(b) the maximum rate of change of magnetic flux
through the coil, (c) the induced emf at t 5 0.050 0 s,
and (d) the torque exerted by the magnetic field on
the coil at the instant when the emf is a maximum.
72. Review. In Figure P31.72, a uniform magnetic field
decreases at a constant rate dB/dt 5 2K, where K is a
positive constant. A circular loop of wire of radius a
containing a resistance R and a capacitance C is placed
AMT
Q/C
Q/C
S
The wheels make good electrical contact with the
rails, so the axle, rails, and R form a closed-loop cir-
cuit. The only significant resistance in the circuit is R.
A uniform magnetic field B 5 0.080 0 T is vertically
downward. (a) Find the induced current I in the resis-
tor. (b) What horizontal force F is required to keep
the axle rolling at constant speed? (c) Which end
of the resistor, a or b, is at the higher electric poten-
tial? (d)What If? After the axle rolls past the resistor,
does the current in R reverse direction? Explain your
answer.
67. Figure P31.67 shows a stationary conductor whose
shape is similar to the letter e. The radius of its circu-
lar portion is a 5 50.0 cm. It is placed in a constant
magnetic field of 0.500 T directed out of the page.
A straight conducting rod, 50.0 cm long, is pivoted
about point O and rotates with a constant angular
speed of 2.00 rad/s. (a) Determine the induced emf in
the loop POQ. Note that the area of the loop is ua
2
/2.
(b) If all the conducting material has a resistance per
length of 5.00 V/m, what is the induced current in the
loop POQ at the instant 0.250 s after point P passes
point Q?
This rod rotates
about O.
P
Q
O
out
a
B
S
Figure P31.67
68. A conducting rod moves with a constant velocity in a
direction perpendicular to a long, straight wire carry-
ing a current I as shown in Figure P31.68. Show that
the magnitude of the emf generated between the ends
of the rod is
0 e0 5
m
0
vI ,
2pr
In this case, note that the emf decreases with increas-
ing r as you might expect.
S
R C
B
in
S
Figure P31.72
r
I
v
S
Figure P31.68
B
S
Figure P31.70
part (c)
changing B ux through loop induces clockwise E eld in loop
electric force acts on charges in wire
"[(dy)/(x
2
+ y
2
)
3/2
] = y/[x
2
(x
2
+ y
2
)
1/2
] | = 1/x
2
Unless otherwise noted, all content on this page is Cengage Learning.
926 Chapter 30 Sources of the Magnetic Field
direction of the field produced at P if the current is
3.00A?
14. One long wire carries current 30.0 A to the left along
the x axis. A second long wire carries current 50.0 A to
the right along the line (y 5 0.280 m, z 5 0). (a) Where
in the plane of the two wires is the total magnetic field
equal to zero? (b) A particle with a charge of 22.00 mC
is moving with a velocity of 150i
^
Mm/s along the line
(y 5 0.100 m, z 5 0). Calculate the vector magnetic
force acting on the particle. (c) What If? A uni-
form electric field is applied to allow this particle to
pass through this region undeflected. Calculate the
required vector electric field.
15. Three long, parallel conductors each carry a current of
I 5 2.00 A. Figure P30.15 is an end view of the conduc-
tors, with each current coming out of the page. Taking
a 5 1.00 cm, determine the magnitude and direction
of the magnetic field at (a) point A, (b) point B, and
(c) point C.
I
I
a
a
a
a
a
B
A
C
I
Figure P30.15
16. In a long, straight, vertical lightning stroke, electrons
move downward and positive ions move upward and
constitute a current of magnitude 20.0 kA. At a loca-
tion 50.0m east of the middle of the stroke, a free elec-
tron drifts through the air toward the west with a speed
of 300 m/s. (a) Make a sketch showing the various vec-
tors involved. Ignore the effect of the Earths magnetic
field. (b) Find the vector force the lightning stroke
exerts on the electron. (c) Find the radius of the elec-
trons path. (d) Is it a good approximation to model the
electron as moving in a uniform field? Explain your
answer. (e) If it does not collide with any obstacles, how
many revolutions will the electron complete during the
60.0-ms duration of the lightning stroke?
17. Determine the magnetic field (in terms of I, a, and d)
at the origin due to the current loop in Figure P30.17.
The loop extends to infinity above the figure.
P
I
I
u
Figure P30.13
AMT
M
Q/C
S
rent I
2
. The total magnetic field at the origin due
to the current-carrying wires has the magnitude
2m
0
I
1
/(2pa). The current I
2
can have either of two pos-
sible values. (a) Find the value of I
2
with the smaller
magnitude, stating it in terms of I
1
and giving its direc-
tion. (b) Find the other possible value of I
2
.
x
I
2
I
1
2a
2a
0
Figure P30.9
10. An infinitely long wire carrying a current I is bent at a
right angle as shown in Figure P30.10. Determine the
magnetic field at point P, located a distance x from the
corner of the wire.
x
P
I
I
Figure P30.10
11. A long, straight wire carries a current I. A right-angle
bend is made in the middle of the wire. The bend
forms an arc of a circle of radius r as shown in Figure
P30.11. Determine the magnetic field at point P, the
center of the arc.
r
P
I
Figure P30.11
12. Consider a flat, circular current loop of radius R car-
rying a current I. Choose the x axis to be along the
axis of the loop, with the origin at the loops center.
Plot a graph of the ratio of the magnitude of the mag-
netic field at coordinate x to that at the origin for x 5 0
to x 5 5R. It may be helpful to use a programmable
calculator or a computer to solve this problem.
13. A current path shaped as shown in Figure P30.13 pro-
duces a magnetic field at P, the center of the arc. If
the arc subtends an angle of u 5 30.08 and the radius
of the arc is 0.600 m, what are the magnitude and
S
S
4. In 1962, measurements of the magnetic field of a large
tornado were made at the Geophysical Observatory in
Tulsa, Oklahoma. If the magnitude of the tornados
field was B 5 1.50 3 10
28
T pointing north when the
tornado was 9.00km east of the observatory, what cur-
rent was carried up or down the funnel of the tornado?
Model the vortex as a long, straight wire carrying a
current.
5. (a) A conducting loop in the shape of a square of
edge length , 5 0.400 m carries a current I 5 10.0 A
as shown in Figure P30.5. Calculate the magnitude
and direction of the magnetic field at the center of
the square. (b) What If? If this conductor is reshaped
to form a circular loop and carries the same current,
what is the value of the magnetic field at the center?
I
Figure P30.5
6. In Niels Bohrs 1913 model of the hydrogen atom,
an electron circles the proton at a distance of 5.29 3
10
211
m with a speed of 2.19 3 10
6
m/s. Compute the
magnitude of the magnetic field this motion produces
at the location of the proton.
7. A conductor consists of a circular loop of radius R 5
15.0cm and two long, straight sections as shown in Fig-
ure P30.7. The wire lies in the plane of the paper and
carries a current I 5 1.00 A. Find the magnetic field at
the center of the loop.
R
I
Figure P30.7 Problems 7 and 8.
8. A conductor consists of a circular loop of radius R and
two long, straight sections as shown in Figure P30.7.
The wire lies in the plane of the paper and carries a
current I. (a) What is the direction of the magnetic
field at the center of the loop? (b) Find an expression
for the magnitude of the magnetic field at the center
of the loop.
9. Two long, straight, parallel wires carry currents that
are directed perpendicular to the page as shown
in Figure P30.9. Wire 1 carries a current I
1
into
the page (in the negative z direction) and passes
through the x axis at x 5 1a. Wire 2 passes through
the x axis at x 5 22a and carries an unknown cur-
M
W
S
S
given:
I
x
nd:
B
to nd B:
B = (
0
/4!)"[(Ids !)/r
2
]
(ds !) = 0
for horizontal wire:
for vertical wire:
+y(")
+x()
y = -#
wire segment ds
(0,y)
for vertical wire:
ds = "dy
(x,0)
r = (x,0) - (0,y) = x - y"
r
r = !(x
2
+ y
2
)
to nd ds !:
ds ! = [("dy) (x - y")]/r
(! = r/r)
ds ! = (-kxdy)/r
^
B = -k(
0
/4!)"[(Ixdy)/r
3
]
plug in:
^
-#
0
B = -k(
0
Ix/4!)"[(dy)/(x
2
+ y
2
)
3/2
]
pull out constants:
^
-#
0
-#
0
-#
0
plug in:
B = -k(
0
I/4!x)
^
check
direction
with RHR