Version 040 Exam 4 mccord (51520) 1

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Exam4
Dr. McCords CH302 - MWF 12n
7-9pm April 30, 2013
001-160 in WEL 2.224
161-320 in WEL 1.308
Standand Potentials at 25

C E

F
2
+ 2 e

2 F

+2.87 V
O
3
+ 2 H
+
+ 2 e

H
2
O + O
2
+2.07 V
H
2
O
2
+ 2 H
+
+ 2 e

2 H
2
O +1.78 V
O
2
+ 4 H
+
+ 2 e

2 H
2
O +1.23 V
Au
3+
+ 3 e

Au +1.42 V
Cl
2
+ 2 e

2 Cl

+1.36 V
Pd
2+
+ 2 e

Pd +0.99 V
Ag
+
+ e

Ag +0.80 V
Fe
3+
+ e

Fe
2+
+0.77 V
Cu
2+
+ 2 e

Cu +0.34 V
AgCl + e

Ag + Cl

+0.22 V
Bi
3+
+ 3 e

Bi +0.20 V
Sn
4+
+ 2 e

Sn
2+
+0.15 V
2 H
+
+ 2 e

H
2
0.000 V
Ru
3+
+ e

Ru
2+
-0.080 V
Sn
2+
+ 2 e

Sn -0.14 V
Co
2+
+ 2 e

Co -0.28 V
In
3+
+ 3 e

In -0.34 V
Fe
2+
+ 2 e

Fe -0.44 V
Cr
3+
+ e

Cr
2+
-0.50 V
U
4+
+ 2 e

U
3+
-0.61 V
FeCO
3
+ 2 e

Fe + CO
2
3
-0.756 V
Zn
2+
+ 2 e

Zn -0.76 V
H
2
O + 2 e

2 H
2
+ 2 OH

-0.83 V
Cr
2+
+ 2 e

Cr -0.91 V
Al
3+
+ 3 e

Al -1.70 V
Na
+
+ e

Na -2.70 V
Constants
R = 8.314 J/mol K
R = 0.08206 L atm/mol K
F = 96485 C/mol e

001 3.0 points

Youre asked to build a simple battery.
Which is NOT a necessary component
or process?
1. oxidation-reduction reaction (redox)
2. metal electrodes
3. electrolytes
4. external energy source correct
5. All are necessary.
Explanation:
A battery produces electrical energy
from chemical potential energy, so it does not
Version 040 Exam 4 mccord (51520) 2
need an external energy source.
002 3.0 points
If the reduction of chlorine gas to chloride ion
were used as the reference electrode for deter-
mining the standard reduction potentials of
half reactions
Cl
2
(g) + 2 e

2 Cl

2 H
+
+ 2 e

H
2
(g)
what would be the standard reduction poten-
tial of the hydrogen electrode?
1. 1.36 V
2. 3.04 V
3. 3.04 V
4. 0 V
5. 1.36 V correct
Explanation:
Using the chlorine electrode instead
of the hydrogen electrode, i.e., dening the
chlorine electrode as zero, would result in the
standard reduction potentials of all other half
reactions decreasing by 1.36 volts. The hy-
drogen electrode normally having a standard
reduction potential of 0 volts would then have
1.36 volts instead.
003 3.0 points
Use two half cell reactions from the table
of reduction potentials to create table salt.
When the combined reaction is written
1. sodium ion is oxidized and chloride ion is
oxidized.
2. sodium ion is reduced and chlorine gas is
oxidized.
3. sodium metal is reduced and chlorine ion
is oxidized.
4. sodium metal is reduced and chlorine gas
is oxidized.
5. sodium metal is oxidized and chlorine gas
is reduced. correct
Explanation:
The combined reaction is
2 Na(s) + Cl
2
(g) 2 Na
+
+ 2 Cl

The oxidation number of sodium goes

from 0 to 1 (oxidation), and the oxidation
number for chlorine goes from 0 to 1 (reduc-
tion).
004 3.0 points
In the reaction
N
2
+ 3 H
2
2 NH
3
,
hydrogen is
1. an oxidizing agent.
2. a product.
3. a reducing agent. correct
4. a catalyst.
Explanation:
005 3.0 points
Permanganate oxidizes bromide ions in an
aqueous acidic solution as shown below.
MnO

4
+ H
+
+ Br

Mn
2+
+ H
2
O + Br
2
How many electrons are involved in
the permanganate half-reaction and on which
side of the equation are these electrons to be
added?
1. 5 electrons on the reactant side correct
2. 6 electrons on the product side
3. 10 electrons on the reactant side
Version 040 Exam 4 mccord (51520) 3
4. 10 electrons on the product side
Explanation:
The oxidation number of Mn changes
from +7 to +2, so Mn is reduced. We set up
the reduction half-reaction:
MnO

4
Mn
2+
Mn atoms are balanced. In acidic
solution we use H
2
O and H
+
to balance O
and H atoms, adding the H
2
O to the side
needing oxygen:
8 H
+
+ MnO

4
Mn
2+
+ 4 H
2
O
We balance the total charge in the
half-reaction by adding electrons. In the pre-
ceeding reduction reaction there is a total
charge of +7 on the left and +2 on the right.
Five electrons are added to the left:
5 e

+ 8 H
+
+ MnO

4
Mn
2+
+ 4 H
2
O
006 3.0 points
The standard potential for this cell is 1.1 V.
Zn | Zn
2+
|| Cu
2+
| Cu
You nd that this cell has been allowed to run
until it reaches equilibrium. When the cell
is at equilibrium you decide to increase the
Cu
2+
concentration. What will happen to the
voltage?
1. it will decrease
2. it will stay the same
3. it will increase correct
Explanation:
At equilibrium the potential is zero
(and Q = K). By adding Cu
2+
you are in-
creasing the concentration of one of the re-
cants. Q = [Zn
2+
] / [Cu
2+
]. This decreases Q
(now Q is less than K). This will increase the
voltage.
E = E

- [(0.059)/n]logQ
Alternatively you can think about it
as Q < K. This means the reaction will spon-
taneous move to the products. This the for-
ward reaction as written. This corresponds to
a positive voltage. This is greater than zero.
Thus the voltage has increased.
007 3.0 points
Which one of the following species would be
the strongest oxidizing agent?
1. Sn
4+
2. Bi
3. Bi
3+
correct
4. U
4+
5. U
3+
6. Sn
2+
Explanation:
Of the three redox couples listed,
Bi
3+
/Bi has the most positive reduction po-
tential, which means that Bi
3+
would be the
best oxidizing agent.
008 3.0 points
How many moles of of metallic iron (Fe) could
be produced from Fe
2+
at a current of 0.004
amperes for 964,853 seconds?
1. 0.04 mol Fe
2. 0.02 mol Fe correct
3. 0.2 mol Fe
4. 0.4 mol Fe
Explanation:
This is a 2 e

process.
mol of prod. =
I t
n
e
F
=
(0.004) (964, 853)
2 (96, 485.3)
Version 040 Exam 4 mccord (51520) 4
= 0.02 mol Fe
009 3.0 points
Approximately what current would be re-
quired to produce 10 g of metallic nickel (Ni,
molar mass = 58.7 g/mol) from a solution of
Ni
2+
in 1 minute?
1. 250 A
2. 5 kA
3. 500 A correct
4. 100 A
Explanation:
moles Ni
2+
=
10 g
58.7 g/mol

1
6
moles e

= 2 moles Ni
2+

1
3
charge = (moles e

)(9.65 10
4
C/mol)
3 10
4
C
current =
charge
60 s
500 A
010 3.0 points
A standard cell is made from the Cu/Cu
2+
and the Fe
3+
/Fe
2+
redox couples. Assuming
that the cell is operating as an electrolytic cell,
which species listed below is being depleted
(consumed) at the cathode?
1. Fe
2+
(aq)
2. Cu(s)
3. Cu
2+
(aq) correct
4. Fe
3+
(aq)
Explanation:
In order to operate as an electrolytic
cell, the standard potential must be nega-
tive. This means that the Cu/Cu2+ elec-
trode must be the cathode (at +0.34 V as a
reduction) and the Fe
3+
/Fe
2+
is the anode
(-0.77 V as an oxidation). The cathode re-
action is the copper reduction reaction which
consumes Cu
2+
(aq) ions.
011 3.0 points
The following cell has a standard potential of
-2.62 V.
Pt | Fe
3+
, Fe
2+
|| Be
2+
| Be
What is the standard potential of the
Be
2+
/Be redox couple?
1. +1.85 V
2. -3.39 V
3. +2.18 V
4. -0.93 V
5. -1.85 V correct
Explanation:
E

cell
= E

cathode
E

anode
E

cathode
= E

cell
+E

anode
E

cathode
= 2.62 + 0.77
E

cathode
= 1.85
012 3.0 points
Pentlandite is the common name for
(Fe, Ni)
9
S
8
. If this is melted and then elec-
trolysed, what will be formed at the cathode?
1. Ni(s)
2. Fe()
3. Fe(s), Ni(s)
4. Fe(), Ni() correct
Version 040 Exam 4 mccord (51520) 5
5. S
2
(g)
Explanation:
Both the nickel and iron found in
pentlandite are in an oxidized state and will
be reduced at the cathode to their molten
metallic state.
013 3.0 points
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
1. The reducing agent is oxidized in a redox
reaction.
2. The reducing agent is reduced in a redox
reaction. correct
3. The oxidizing agent gains electrons in a
redox reaction.
4. The reducing agent loses electrons in a
redox reaction.
Explanation:
The reducing agent gives electrons to
(reduces) the oxidizing agent. The reducing
agent is oxidized.
014 3.0 points
When a sample of an unknown metal is
dropped into 1 M H
+
(aq) under standard con-
ditions, bubbles are observed. The unknown
metal could be silver.
1. False correct
2. True
Explanation:
015 3.0 points
The electrolysis of an aqueous sodium chlo-
ride solution using inert electrodes produces
gaseous chlorine at one electrode. At the
other electrode gaseous hydrogen is produced
and the solution becomes basic around the
electrode. Which of the following is the equa-
tion for the cathode half-reaction in the elec-
trolytic cell?
1. None of these
2. Cl
2
+ 2 e

2 Cl

3. 2 Cl

Cl
2
+ 2 e

4. 2 H
2
O + 2 e

H
2
+ 2 OH

correct
5. H
2
+ 2 OH

2 H
2
O + 2 e

Explanation:
016 4.0 points
Consider the voltaic cell
Pd | Pd
2+
(1 M) || Au
3+
(1 M) | Au
What is the maximum available energy to be
obtained from this expensive cell per mole of
net reaction. Be sure and balance the net
reaction with WHOLE numbers.
1. 140 kJ
2. 281 kJ correct
3. 46.8 kJ
4. 210 kJ
5. 93.6 kJ
Explanation:
E
cell
= 1.40 0.915 = +0.485V
Overall reaction is:
3 Pd + 2 Au
3+
3 Pd
2+
+ 2 Au
where there are a total of 6 moles of electrons
being transferred.
G = nFE

G = 6(96485)(0.485)
G = 280771J
Therefore energy available is 281 kJ for the
balanced reaction.
017 3.0 points
Consider two hypothetical metals, X and Y,
Version 040 Exam 4 mccord (51520) 6
which can exist as metal ions X
2+
and Y
3+
,
respectively. The standard reduction poten-
tials are
X
2+
+ 2 e

X 1.265 V
Y
3+
+ 3 e

Y 2.543 V
What is the numerical value for the
standard cell potential, for the reaction
3 X(s) + 2 Y
3+
(aq) 3 X
2+
(aq) + 2 Y(s)
at 25

C?
1. 4.228
2. 3.628
3. 3.268
4. 3.478
5. 3.988
6. 2.668
7. 3.208
8. 4.918
9. 5.698
10. 3.808
Correct answer: 3.808 V.
Explanation:
018 0.0 points
This question starts out at zero points but
could very well increase after the grading.
Now, if more points are awarded (the curve)
on this assignment, would you like them
added to your score?
1. NO, leave my score alone, I prefer the
lower score
2. YES, I would like the points and the
higher score. correct
Explanation:
This should be a no-brainer. Most
students want higher scores. If you picked
yes, you got credit for the question and you
got the extra points you asked for (if they were
granted by your instructor). If you answered
NO, you also got what you wanted... no points
awarded.
019 3.0 points
Using the set of smallest whole number coef-
cients to balance the redox equation
MnO

4
+ NO

2
MnO
2
+ NO

3
in basic solution, you get
1. 3 OH

on the left.
2. 2 OH

on the right. correct

3. 3 H
2
O on the left.
4. 1 H
2
O on the right.
Explanation:
The oxidation number of N changes
from +3 to +5, so N is oxidized. The oxida-
tion number of Mn changes from +7 to +4,
so Mn is reduced. We set up oxidation and
reduction half-reactions:
Red: MnO

4
MnO
2
Oxid: NO

2
NO

3
Mn and N atoms are balanced. Since
this is a basic solution, we use H
2
O and OH

to balance O and H atoms, adding the OH

to the side needing oxygen:

Red:
2 H
2
O + MnO

4
MnO
2
+ 4 OH

Oxid: 2 OH

+ NO

2
NO

3
+ H
2
O
We balance the total charge in each
half-reaction by adding electrons. In the
preceding reduction reaction there is a to-
tal charge of 1 on the left and 4 on the
right. Three electrons are added to the left:
Red: 3 e

+ 2 H
2
O + MnO

4

MnO
2
+ 4 OH

Oxid:
2 OH

+ NO

2
NO

3
+ H
2
O + 2 e

The number of electrons gained by

Mn must equal the number of electrons lost
by N. We multiply the reduction reaction by
2 and the oxidation reaction by 3 to balance
the electrons:
Red: 6 e

+ 4 H
2
O + 2 MnO

4

2 MnO
2
+ 8 OH

Oxid: 6 OH

+ 3 NO

2

3 NO

3
+ 3 H
2
O + 6 e

Adding the half-reactions gives

Version 040 Exam 4 mccord (51520) 7
4 H
2
O + 2 MnO

4
+ 6 OH

+ 3 NO

2

2 MnO
2
+ 8 OH

+ 3 NO

3
+ 3 H
2
O
Canceling like terms given the overall
balanced equation
H
2
O + 2 MnO

4
+ 3 NO

2

2 MnO
2
+ 2 OH

+ 3 NO

3
020 3.0 points
Write the cell diagram for the reaction
2 AgCl(s) + H
2
(g)
2 Ag(s) + 2 H
+
(aq) + 2 Cl

(aq) .
1. Pt | H
2
(g) | H
+
(aq) || Cl

(aq) | Ag(s) | Pt
2. Pt | Cl

(aq) | H
+
(aq) ||
H
2
(g) | AgCl(s) | Ag(s)
3. Ag(s) | AgCl(s) | Cl

(aq) ||
H
+
(aq) | H
2
(g) | Pt
4. Ag(s) | AgCl(s) | H
+
(aq) ||
Cl

(aq) | H
2
(g) | Pt
5. Pt | H
2
(g) | H
+
(aq) ||
Cl

(aq) | AgCl(s) | Ag(s) correct

Explanation:
021 3.0 points
In the reaction
2 MnO

4
+ 16 H
+
+ 10 I

2 Mn
2+
+ 8 H
2
O + 5 I
2
of permanganate anion with iodide in acidic
solution, what has been reduced and what is
the change in oxidation number?
1. oxygen, from 1 to 2
2. manganese, from +7 to +2 correct
3. iodine, from 10 to 5
4. iodine, from 1 to 0
5. hydrogen, from +1 to 0
Explanation:
022 3.0 points
What metal (in various oxidation states) is
present at both the cathode and the anode in
a typical car battery?
1. copper
2. cadmium
3. lead correct
4. zinc
5. iron
6. nickel
Explanation:
A car battery is also known as a lead
storage battery.
023 3.0 points
Copper is plated on zinc by immersing a piece
of zinc into a solution containing copper(II)
ions. In the plating reaction, copper(II) ions
1. gain two electrons and are oxidized.
2. gain two electrons and are reduced. cor-
rect
3. lose two electrons and are oxidized.
4. lose two electrons and are reduced.
Explanation:
For this question
Cu
2+
(aq) Cu(s)
For this to happen, the charge must be bal-
anced by the Cu
2+
reacting with 2 electrons:
Cu
2+
+ 2e

Cu(s)
This is a reduction reaction (represented by
the gain of electrons).
024 3.0 points
Calculate the equilibrium constant for the fol-
lowing reaction by using a table of standard
Version 040 Exam 4 mccord (51520) 8
potentials.
3Cu + 2Bi
3+

3Cu
2+
+ 2Bi
1. 1.3 10
7
2. 8.0 10
8
3. 1.6 10
14
4. 6.3 10
15
correct
5. 4.3 10
3
6. 1.8 10
5
Explanation:
Bi
3+
/Bi E

= +0.20 V
Cu
2+
/Cu E

= +0.34 V
E

rxn
= .2 .34 = .14 V
RT ln K = nFE

ln K = nFE

/RT
log K = nE

/0.05916
log K = 6(.14)/0.05916
K = 10
14.199
K = 6.33 10
15
025 3.0 points
Which is the stronger oxidizing agent?
1. uorine correct
2. hydrogen peroxide
3. ozone
4. oxygen
5. chlorine
Explanation:
E

= (V)
O
3
+ 2 H
+
+2 e

O
2
+ H
2
O 2.07
O
3
+ 2 H
2
O +2 e

O
2
+2 OH

1.24
F
2
+2 e

2 F

2.87
O
2
+4 H
3
O
+
+4 e

6 H
2
O 1.23
Cl

+2 e

2 Cl

1.36
H
2
O
2
+2 H
3
O
+
+2 e

2 H
2
O 1.77
Therefore, uorine is a stronger oxi-
dizing agent.
026 3.0 points
For a 12 volt car battery to deliver lots of cur-
rent, which of the following is most critical?
1. keeping the electrodes as reduced as pos-
sible
2. guaranteeing reversibility of the half-cell
reactions
3. keeping the solution in the battery cool
4. keeping the sulfuric acid concentration
very low
5. having electrodes with lots of surface area
correct
Explanation:
027 4.0 points
Consider the following voltaic cell:
Pt | Sn
4+
(0.050 M),
Sn
2+
(0.50 M) || Ag
+
(0.0010 M) | Ag
The experimental cell potential for the cell is
approximately
1. 0.532 V
2. 0.502 V correct
3. 0.650 V
4. 0.768 V
5. 0.798 V
6. 0.354 V
7. 0.946 V
Explanation:
Version 040 Exam 4 mccord (51520) 9
Calculate E

rst:
Sn
2+
Sn
4+
+ 2 e

E
0
anode
= 0.15 V
Ag
+
+ 1 e

Ag(s) E
0
cathode
= 0.8 V
E
0
cell
= 0.65 V
the overall cell reaction is:
2Ag
+
+ Sn
2+
2Ag + Sn
4+
The stated concentrations are not standard.
This means that you must use the Nernst
equation to calculate E
cell
at these concentra-
tions:
E = E
0

0.05916 V
n
log

[Sn
4+
]
[Sn
2+
][Ag
+
]
2

E = 0.65 V
0.05916 V
2
log

.050
(.50)(.01)
2

E = 0.65 V
0.05916 V
2
log

1 10
5

E = 0.65 V 0.1479 V
E = 0.5021 V
028 3.0 points
For a redox reaction to be SPONTANEOUS
under standard conditions, the following is
true
1. G > 0 K < 1 E
cell
> 0
2. G > 0 K > 1 E
cell
< 0
3. G < 0 K < 1 E
cell
< 0
4. G < 0 K > 1 E
cell
> 0 correct
Explanation:
G is negative for a spontaneous re-
action. K =
[products]
[reactants]
, so when the equi-
librium favors the products (making the re-
action spontaneous), K > 1. Also, E
0
=
0.05916 log K
n
. So when K > 1, E
0
is posi-
tive.
029 4.0 points
Calculate the K
sp
of FeCO
3
using only values
you get from a table of standard potentials.
1. 1.8 10
6
2. 2.1 10
11
correct
3. 2.8 10
26
4. 3.7 10
8
5. 4.5 10
13
Explanation:
Find 2 redox reactions that sum to
give the Ksp expression for FeCO
3
:
FeCO
3
+ 2e

Fe + CO
2
3
-0.756 V
Fe

Fe
2+
+ 2e

+0.44 V
E

= 0.316V
RT lnK = nFE

lnK = nFE

/RT
log K = nE

/0.05916
log K = 2(.316)/0.05916
log K = 10.683
K = 10
10.683
K = 2.07 10
11
030 3.0 points
Complete and balance the redox equation
C
2
H
4
(g) + MnO

4
(aq) + H
+
(aq)
CO
2
(g) + Mn
2+
(aq) + H
2
O
using the smallest set of whole numbers to
give a net ionic equation. What is the proper
coecient for H
+
(aq)?
1. 36 correct
2. 48
3. 2
4. 24
5. 10
Explanation:
Version 040 Exam 4 mccord (51520) 10
The oxidation number of C changes from 2
to +4, so C is oxidized. The oxidation num-
ber of Mn changes from +7 to +2, so Mn is
reduced. We set up oxidation and reduction
half-reactions:
Red: MnO

4
Mn
2+
Oxid: C
2
H
4
CO
2
Mn atoms are balanced. We need 2 CO
2
molecules to balance C:
Oxid: C
2
H
4
2 CO
2
Since this is an acidic solution, we use H
2
O
and H
+
to balance O and H atoms, adding
the H
2
O to the side needing oxygen:
Red:
8 H
+
+ MnO
4
Mn
2+
+ 4 H
2
O
Oxid:
4 H
2
O + C
2
H
4
2 CO
2
+ 12 H
+
We balance the total charge in each half-
reaction by adding electrons. In the preceding
reduction reaction there is a total charge of
+7 on the left and +2 on the right. Five
electrons are added to the left:
Red: 5 e

+ 8 H
+
+ MnO

4

Mn
2+
+ 4 H
2
O
Oxid: 4 H
2
O + C
2
H
4

2 CO
2
+ 12 H
+
+ 12 e

The number of electrons gained by Mn must

equal the number of electrons lost by C. We
multiply the reduction reaction by 12 and
the oxidation reaction by 5 to balance the
electrons:
Red: 60 e

+ 96 H
+
+ 12 MnO

4

12 Mn
2+
+ 48 H
2
O
Oxid: 20 H
2
O + 5 C
2
H
4

10 CO
2
+ 60 H
+
+ 60 e

Adding the half-reactions gives

96 H
+
+ 12 MnO

4
+ 20 H
2
O + 5 C
2
H
4

10 CO
2
+ 60 H
+
+ 12 Mn
2+
+ 48 H
2
O
Canceling like terms gives the overall bal-
anced equation:
36 H
+
+ 12 MnO

4
+ 5 C
2
H
4

10 CO
2
+ 12 Mn
2+
+ 28 H
2
O
031 3.0 points
Zinc Silver
1.56 V
V
Voltmeter
e

1 M Zn
2+
(aq) 1 M Ag
+
(aq)
Salt
bridge
to carry
ions
In this electrochemical cell, what is
the anode?
1. the Zn
2+
(aq) ions in the 1 M solution
2. the solid silver electrode
3. the Ag
+
(aq) ions in the 1 M solution
4. the solid zinc electrode correct
Explanation:
Zn(s) + 2 Ag
+
(aq) Zn
2+
(aq) + 2 Ag(s)
Oxidation occurs at the anode. In this
cell the oxidation half reaction is
Zn(s) Zn
2+
(aq) + 2 e

.
Zn atoms in the solid Zn electrode are
oxidized to Zn
2+
ions; the electrode slowly
erodes.
032 3.0 points
Which of the following is the strongest reduc-
ing agent?
1. Co
2+
2. Cr
2+
correct
3. Fe
2+
4. H
2
5. F

Explanation:
Version 040 Exam 4 mccord (51520) 11
033 4.0 points
Consider the cell
Pt | H
2
(1 atm) | H
+
(? M) ||
Cu
2+
(1 M) | Cu
If the measured cell potential for this cell is
+0.5944 volts, what is the pH of the solution?
1. 9.14
2. 4.30 correct
3. 2.91
4. 8.55
5. 3.78
6. 5.25
Explanation:
E

cell
= +.34 V
Use Nernst equation to nd concentration of
H
+
and then pH.
E = E

0.05916
n
log

[H
+
]
2
[Cu
2+
]P
H2

+0.5944 = +.34
0.05916
2
log

[H
+
]
2
(1)(1)

+0.5944 = +.34
0.05916
2
log

[H
+
]
2

+0.2544 = 0.05916 log[H

+
]
0.2544/0.05916 = log[H
+
]
4.300 = pH