Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto
HOLLOW STRUCTURAL SECTION CONNECTIONS HOLLOW STRUCTURAL SECTION CONNECTIONS DESIGN GUIDE DESIGN GUIDE Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Jeffrey A. Packer Jeffrey A. Packer North American Steel Construction Conference Phoenix, Arizona April 2009 Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto AISC Design Guide on HSS 2008 Design Guide for Hollow Structural Section Connections, by J .A. Packer, D.R. Sherman and M. Lecce Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto AISC Design Guide on HSS Format Example In accord with the AISC 360-05 Steel Building Specification For statically loaded connections only Presented in LRFD and ASD formats, using a connection nominal strengthapproach 22 design examples Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto AISC Design Guide on HSS Contents 1. Introduction 2. Welding 3. Mechanical Fasteners 4. Moment Connections 5. Tension and Compression Connections 6. Branch Loads on HSS Connections An Introduction 7. Line Loads and Concentrated Forces on HSS 8. HSS-to-HSS Truss Connections 9. HSS-to-HSS Moment Connections Notation References Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Chapter 1. Introduction HSS steel grades Shapes and designations, tolerances Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Cleveland, Ohio Connection design standards Advantages of HSS Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Chapter 1. Introduction Birds Nest, Beijing, China Federation Square, Melbourne, Australia Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Chapter 1. Introduction Steel Grades 65 (450) 51 (350) 350W CAN/CSA-G40.20/G40.21 (Class C or Class H) 70 (482) 50 (345) B ASTM A501 (Hot-formed) 60 (415) 35 (241) B ASTM A53 Pipe 62 (427) 50 (345) C ASTM A500 RHS 58 (400) 46 (317) B ASTM A500 RHS 62 (427) 46 (317) C ASTM A500 CHS 58 (400) 42 (289) B ASTM A500 CHS Minimum Ultimate Stress F u ksi (MPa) Minimum Yield Stress F y ksi (MPa) Grade Specification Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto One Size Fits All Approach to Manufacturing HSS
At present it is sensible to specify just the highest grade Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Chapter 2. Welding Weld types: Fillet welds, skewed fillet welds Flare-bevel- and Flare-V- groove welds Effective fillet weld size (tabulated equations) Weld inspection as applied to HSS Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Chapter 3. Mechanical Fasteners HSS Limit States Bolt bearing Block shear HSS Limit States Chord wall plastification Pull out through HSS wall HSS connections with mechanical fasteners in shear or in tension Fasteners in shear Fasteners in tension Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Chapter 4. Moment Connections W-beam to HSS-column moment connections Beam over column Directly welded HSS Limit States Wall local yielding Wall local crippling HSS Limit States Shear yielding Sidewall failure Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Chapter 4. Moment Connections Through plate W-beam to HSS-column moment connections Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Chapter 5. Tension and Compression Connections End connections commonly used for HSS bracing members End Tee connections Limit States: Weld shear HSS local yielding, wall crippling T-flange shear yielding, shear rupture Bolting bearing, bolt shear Stem yielding, rupture, block shear, buckling Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Chapter 5. Tension and Compression Connections Limit States: Weld shear and base metal shear Bolt bearing, bolt shear Gusset plate yielding, rupture, block shear HSS local yielding, shear lag* End connections commonly used for HSS bracing members Slotted HSS/gusset bolted connection Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Chapter 5. Tension and Compression Connections Limit States: Weld shear and base metal shear Bolt bearing, bolt shear Gusset plate yielding, rupture, block shear HSS local yielding, shear lag* End connections commonly used for HSS bracing members Slotted HSS/gusset bolted connection Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Chapter 5. Tension and Compression Connections Reduced shear lag effects End connections commonly used for HSS bracing members Side gusset plate bolted connection for rectangular HSS Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Chapter 5. Tension and Compression Connections End connections commonly used for HSS bracing members Bolted flange plate connections Limit States: Yielding of end plate Strength of welded joint Tensile strength of bolts, including prying Flange-Plate Bolt Weld Hollow Section Rogers Centre, Toronto, Canada Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Chapter 5. Tension and Compression Connections End connections commonly used for HSS bracing members Bolted flange plate connections Example Bolts along two sides of HSS Connection behavior is representative of 2- dimensional prying models Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Chapter 6. Branch Loads on HSS Members - An Introduction Description of classic failure modes for HSS welded connections Principle limit states considered in Chapters 7 (Plate-to-HSS), and Chapters 8 and 9 (HSS-to-HSS) Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Chapter 6. Branch Loads on HSS Members - An Introduction Limit State: Column or Chord Wall Plastification Prevalent in HSS connections due to flexible nature of connecting HSS face Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Chapter 6. Branch Loads on HSS Members - An Introduction Limit State: Chord Shear Yielding (Punching Shear) May govern for connections with medium to high branch- to-chord width ratios Failure can occur under a tension or compression branch provided it is physically capable of shearing through the chord wall Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Chapter 6. Branch Loads on HSS Members - An Introduction Limit State: Local Yielding (due to uneven load distribution) Applies to transverse plates or transverse walls of a rectangular HSS, under both tension and compression loading Common failure mode for overlapped K-connections Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Chapter 6. Branch Loads on HSS Members - An Introduction Limit State: Chord Sidewall Failure (Yielding or Buckling) Failure of the chord member side wall May occur in rectangular HSS matched box connections Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Chapter 6. Branch Loads on HSS Members - An Introduction Design tips to optimize welded HSS connection design Select relatively stocky chord Select relatively thin branch Consider virtues of gapped K-connections Easier and cheaper to fabricate Gapped Overlapped Higher static and fatigue strength, generally Produces stiffer truss (reduces truss deflections) Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Chapter 7. Line Loads and Concentrated Forces on HSS Follows Chapter K Section K1 of AISC (2005) Specification Local line loads on the face of HSS (longitudinal or transverse) Shear tab and cap plate connections Tabulated design criteria plate-to-round HSS plate-to-rectangular HSS Cable-stayed roof connections, Ratner-Center, Chicago Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Chapter 7. Line Loads and Concentrated Forces on HSS Branch plate connections to HSS (a) Longitudinal branch plate (b) Through branch plate (c) Stiffened branch plate (d) Transverse branch plate Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Chapter 7. Line Loads and Concentrated Forces on HSS Some possible failure modes for Plate-to-HSS connections Chord punching shear Chord face plastification Chord side wall yielding Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Chapter 7. Line Loads and Concentrated Forces on HSS Cap Plates Limit state of local yielding considering shear lag, Limit state of HSS sidewall local crippling Shear Tabs Relatively thin shear tabs & non- slender HSS are required Limit state of plate yielding and HSS punching shear Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Chapter 8. HSS-to-HSS Truss Connections Follows Chapter K Section K2 of AISC (2005) Specification Planar truss type connections between HSS (or box sections) T-,Y-,Cross-, K- (or N-) gapped or overlapped connections Tabulated design criteria round-to-round HSS rectangular-to- rectangular HSS Hotel Atrium, Toronto, Canada Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Chapter 8. HSS-to-HSS Truss Connections Typical Failure Modes Chord wall plastification Shear yielding (punching) Yielding of tension branch or compression branch Shear of chord side walls Chord side wall failure Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Chapter 8. HSS-to-HSS Truss Connections Connection Classification K- Y-, Cross(X)- connections Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K) Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K) Reference to AISC Manual Tables Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K) Reference to Spec. Section and Guide Tables Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K) Table 8.2A Limits of Applicability of Table 8.2 (for Rectangular HSS-to-HSS Truss Connections) Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K) Checks for limits of applicability as applied to a Gapped K- connection Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K) Checks for limits of applicability as applied to a Gapped K- connection Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K) Allowable Stress Design Load and Resistance Factor Design Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K) Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K) Table 8.2. Nominal Strengths of Rectangular HSS-to-HSS Truss Connections Limit state: chord wall plastification Gapped K- Connections Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K) Functions Table 8.2. Nominal Strengths of Rectangular HSS-to-HSS Truss Connections (continued) Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K) Reference to Equations in the Specification and Guide Tables Equations used to check the limit state of chord wall plastification Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K) Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K) Table 8.2. Nominal Strengths of Rectangular HSS-to-HSS Truss Connections Limit state: shear yielding (does not apply since branches are square) Gapped K- Connections Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K) Limit state: local yielding of branch due to uneven load distribution (does not apply since branches are square) Limit state: shear of chord side walls (does not apply since chord is square) Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K) Checks for limits of applicability as applied to a Cross- connection Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K) Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K) Cross- connection Limit state: chord wall plastification Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K) Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K) All other limit states where 1.0 0.85 do not apply since = 0.667 Limit state of shear of chord side walls does not apply (no shear plane evident) Cross- connection Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K) Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Design Example: Gapped K-Connection (Spec. Chapter K) Reference to other relevant documents provided throughout the Guide Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Chapter 9. HSS-to-HSS Moment Connections Follows Chapter K Section K3 of AISC (2005) Specification Planar truss type connections between HSS (or box sections) T-,Y-,Cross-connections Partially or fully restrained moment connections (eg. Vierendeel truss) Tabulated design criteria round-to-round HSS rectangular-to- rectangular HSS Scotia Bank Plaza, Toronto, Canada Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Chapter 9. HSS-to-HSS Moment Connections Typical Failure Modes Chord wall plastification Shear yielding (punching) Yielding of tension branch or compression branch Shear of chord side walls Chord side wall failure Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Chapter 9. HSS-to-HSS Moment Connections In-Plane bending Out-of-Plane bending Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto AISC Design Guide on HSS published in 2009 2008 Olympic Games Birds Nest Stadium, Beijing, China Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto Thank you