GLOSSARY.

]->6d
are still rarer, and yet rarer are those constructed witli triple transepts. Tliere is
another form called the truncated or tau cross, as
fi(jf.
1391, having the form of thac
letter, on which, as a plan, ii few churches have been built. Considered as respects
the contour, the cross in blason has been variously shaped and named. Thus,
fg.
1392,
iu which the extremities widen as they recede from the centre, is called a cross patce.
This is met with more frequently' than any of the others. It is seen in
the nimbus, on tombs, on sliields, npon coins, etc. ; and is the usual form
of the dedication cross found iu religious structures. Fig. 1393 is by the
French called ancree, the extremities forming hooks, but by our own
heralds it is called a cross moline. Crosses jlorij are those in which the
ends are formed into trefoils, as is seen in
fig.
1390, the papal cross above
mentioned. Fig. 1394, is a cross potent, and
fig.
1385 is the cross elicher,
as r'-spects the outer lines of its form
;
when it is voided, as shown by the
p.
jgng
inner lines, the ground or field is seen on which it lies. Fig. 1396 is the
cross of the llussi an Greek Church.
Cross. In Gothic architecture, an erection of varioxxs kinds, which may bo classed as
follows: those used for marking boundaries, those which were memorials of remarkable
events, monumental or sepulchral, as that at Waltham, and others of that nature
;
for
preaching, as the ancient St. Paul's Cross ; and market crosses, as at Winchester,
Leigh ton Buzzard, etc.
CROss-BANnEn. A term applied to handrailing, which is said to be cross-banded when a
veneer is laid upon its upper side, with the grain of the wood crossing that of the rail,
and the extension of the veneer in the direction of its fibres is less than the breadth of
the rail.
Cross Beam. A large beam going from wall to wall, or a girder that holds the sides of
the house together.
Crossettes. (Fr.) The same as anconcs. In architectural construction the term is
appl'ed to the small projecting pieces aaf?-^ in arch stones, which hang upon
the adjacent stones.
^^^/j
Cross Garnets. Hinges having a long strap
fixed close to the aperture, and also a cross
part on the other side of the knuckle, which
is fastened to the joint. See Garnet.
Cross-grained Stuff. Wood which has its fibres in a contrary direction to the surface,
and which consequently cannot be perfectly smoothed by the operation of the plane,
without turning either the plane or the stuff. This defect arises from a twisted dis-
position of fibres while in the act of growing.
Cross Springers. The ribs in the Pointed style that spring from the diagonals of the
pillars or piers.
Cross Vaulting. That formed by the intersection of two or more simple vaults. Wlien
each of the simple vaults rises from the same level to equal heights, the cross vaulting
is denominated a groin-, but when one of the simple vaults is below the other, the inter-
section is called an arch of that particular species which expresses both the simple
arches. For example, if one cylinder pierce another of greater altitude, the arch so
formed is termed a cytindro-cylindric arch ; and if a poition of a cylinder pierce a
sphere of greater altitude than the cylinder, the arch is called a sphero-cylindric arch,
and thus for any species of arch whatever, the part of the qualifying word which entls
in o denotes the simple vault having the greater altitude, and the succeeding word the
other of less altitude.
Crow. A bar of iron used in bricklaying, masonry, and quarrying, and serving usually
as a lever in its employment.
Crowde, Ceoude, or Croft. The old term for the crypt of a church.
Crown. (Lat. Corona.) The uppermost member of any part. Thus, the upper portion
of a cornice, including the corona and the members above it, is so called.
Crown of an Arch. The most elevated line or point that can be assumed in its surface
;
it is also called the extrados.
Crown or Joggle Post. The same as a king post, being the truss post that sustains
the tiebeam and rafters of a roof.
Ceown Glass. A common sort of window glass cut from a sheet blown into a disk form
having a bull's eye in the centre of it.
Crowning. The part that terminates upwards any piece of architecture, as a cornice,
pediment, etc.
Crypt. (Gr.
Kpyirroi, I hide.) The under or hidden part of a building. It is used also
to signify that part of the ancient churches and abbeys below the floor, appropriated
to
monumental pnrpoios, and sometimes formed into chapels. There are only four
apsidal crypts m England; Winchester, 1079; Worcester, 1084; Gloucester, 1089
;
and
Canterbury, 1096. In all these the side aisles run completely round the apse. See
Crowub.
CRYi'TO-PoKTicrs. In ancient architecture a concealed portico, also one that for coolness