Procedure For Liquid Penetrant Examination

PROCEDURE FOR PROCEDURE NO.
: PT1
LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION REVISION : 11
DATE : 17.01.2007
PAGE NO. : 1 OF 6
REV.
1.0 SCOPE :
1.1 This procedure covers Liquid Penetrant Examination technique and acceptance
Standards which shall be employed whenever liquid penetrant examination is
Specified in quality Plan or Request.
1. This procedure meets the requirements of !S"E #$P%& Section '( Section %(
Section %''' )iv. 1 and #*1.1.
1.* !ll materials and weldments of any shape or si+e shall be examined 1,,- unless
.therwise specified.
2.0 PENETRANT, PENETRANT REMOVER & DEVLEPOR
/ollowin0 non1fluorescent( solvent removable types of penetrant material 0roups only
Shall be used. 2o intermixin0 of penetrant materials from different 0roups is permitted.
2.1 GROUP 1

Pradeep Penetrant 3P
Pradeep &leaner 3P
Pradeep )eveloper 3P
2.2 GROUP 2

/errochem Penetrant /& 411
/errochem &leaner /& 511
/errochem )eveloper /& 611
3.0 SURFACE PREPARATION
*.1 Surface to be examined and all ad7acent areas within atleast 8.9 mm( shall be dry
!nd free of all dirt( 0rease( lint( scale( weldin0 flux and spatter( paint( oil and other
Extraneous matter that could interfere with the examination.
PROCEDURE FOR PROCEDURE NO. : PT1
DATE : 17.01.2007
PAGE NO. : 2 OF 6
REV.
*. Surface may be in the as welded( as rolled( as cast or as for0ed condition. :owever
Surface preparation by 0rindin0 or other suitable means may be necessary in case of
)oubt to resolve the actual indication.
4.0 PRE-EXAMINATION CLEANING
9.1 !dequate care shall be ta;en to ensure proper surface condition prior to testin0.
9. The area to be examined and all ad7acent areas within atleast 8.9mm shall be
Thorou0hly cleaned with the cleaner from the same 0roup( which may be applied
#y spray or by brush or by dampened cloth repeatedly and then wiped with clean cloth.
9.* ! minimum dryin0 time of 8 minutes shall be permitted to allow for the evaporated of
&leanin0 solvents.
5.0 TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT INTENSITY REUIREMENTS
8.1 )urin0 testin0 the temperature of penetrant and material shall be between 8, )e0 /
!nd 18 )e0 /<1, )e0 & to 8 )e0 &=.
8. 'f the temperature of the penetrant or material is beyond the ran0e 0iven above in para
8.1( then a separate procedure duly approved by Level ''' person( shall be employed.
8.* ! minimum li0ht intensity of 1,, fc <1,,, Lx= shall be maintained durin0 examination
!nd evaluation. The li0ht intensity meter shall be calibrated( atleast once in 1 year( by
The instrument manufacturer>supplier or a 2ational level laboratory.
!.0 APPLICATION OF PENERTANT
?.1 The liquid Penetrant shall be applied by sprayin0( swabbin0 or brushin0 over the
&leaned area and dwell time of a minimum 1, minutes and maximum ?, minutes shall
#e allowed.
?. 'f necessary( penetrant may be reapplied( durin0 dwell time( to ensure that the first
&oat does not 0et dried up.
?.* 'f the penetrant dwell time exceeds the maximum of ?, minutes( then the testin0
Shall be re1started from pre1examination cleanin0 sta0e <para 9.,=.
".0 PENETRANT REMOVAL
5.1 The area applied with penetrant shall be initially wiped dry and clean cloth or
!bsorbent paper. &leanin0 shall be repeated till all visible traces of penetrant are
Removed. Subsequent cleanin0 shall be carried out usin0 cloth or absorbent paper
"oistened with cleaner till all excess penetrant is removed( on the examined
Surface.
DATE : 17.01.2007
PAGE NO. : 3 OF 6
REV.
5. care shall be ta;en to avoid use of excess cleaner which may lead to loss of
sensitivity and also to avoid deposition of any contaminatin0 material( which may
lead to misinterpretation of the test results. /lushin0 the surface with cleaner solvent(
at this sta0e( is prohibited.
5.* ! dryin0 time of ?, seconds shall be allowed for the cleaner to evaporate fully under
2atural evaporation( before the application of developer.
#.0 APPLICATION OF DEVELOPER
6.1 )eveloper shall be applied( as soon as possible after penetrant removal( but in
!ny case within 1, minutes( by sprayin0 to 0ive a thin uniform coat. )eveloper dwell
Time shall be 1, minutes minimum. 'nterpretation and evaluation of the liquid penetrant
Test indications shall be done within 1, to *, minutes of the application of developer.
6. 'f the indications can not be interpreted and evaluated within the maximum time of
*, minutes( then the testin0 shall be re1started from pre1examination cleanin0 sta0e
<Para 9.,=.
$.0 INTERPRETATION OF INDICATIONS
.nly indications( which have any dimensions 0reater than 1>1?@ <1.8mm= shall be
&onsidered relevant.
4.1 ! linear indication is one havin0 a len0th 0reater than * minutes its width.
4. ! rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical shape with a len0th equal to or less
Than * times its width.
4.* !ny questionable or doubtful indications shall be re1examined to determine their
Relevance.
10.0 EVALUATION AND ACCEPTANCE OF INDICATIONS
The evaluation and acceptance of indications shall be as per the applicable &ode of
&onstructions( specification and drawin0s. /ollowin0 acceptance standards shall apply
Anless other standards are specified for specific applications.
!ll surfaces to be examined shall be free of B
1,.1 Relevant crac;s and linear indications.
1,. Relevant rounded indications 0reater than *>1?@<8mm=.
DATE : 17.01.2007
PAGE NO. : 4 OF 6
REV.
1,.* /our or more relevant rounded indications in a line seprated by 1>1?@<1.8mm= or less.
Ed0e to ed0e.
1,.9 Ten or more rounded indications in any ? sq.in. <*65, sq mm= of surface with the
"a7or dimension of this area not to exceed ? in. <18,mm= with the area ta;en in the
"ost unfavourable location relative to the indications bein0 evaluated.
11.0 POST EXAMINATION CLEANING
11.1 .n completion of testin0( interpretation and evaluation( if required( the part shall be
&leaned in accordance with applicable material specifications or vessel specifications(
/or which another specific procedure shall be employed.
11.2 SAFETY
'nspection personnel involved in the liquid penetrant inspection should ta;e
Precautions because of the toxic and inflammable nature of the chemicals used.
12.0 PERSONNEL UALIFICATION
Personnel performin0 Liquid penetrant examination shall have atleast Level '
&ertification in accordance with T#C Critten Practice( complyin0 to S2T1T&11!
Latest code applicable edition. :owever Level ' personnel shall be under the 0eneral
Supervision of Level ''>''' personnel. 'nterpretation of the indications shall be performed
#y Level '' or Level ''' personnel and the report made by Level ' shall be reviewed and
Si0ned by Level ''>'''.
13.0 PERFORMANCE DEMOSTRATION
Performance )emonstration is to be carried out( and documented.

DATE : 17.01.2007
PAGE NO. : 5 OF 6
REV.
14.0 RECORD OF REVISIONS

Revision )ate #D &han0es
1 15.,4.41 "SE .8 $ .? F Two 0roups added.
1.( *.( 9.,( ?.,( 6., $ 4.* F "inor revision.
,.,9.4 "SE 1.(*.(G
5.1( ?.1(G F "inor revision.
5.(6.1 G
9.*(8.( G F Paras added.
?.(6. G
* ,1.,?.4 "SE 1. F !pplicable editionH deleted.
.5 F I3roup 5H added.
*.1( 9.( ?.1( 5.1( 5.( 11.1 F "inor chan0es.
9 9.,?.4 "SE .6( 5.*(1,.9 F Paras added.
1. F #*1.1 added.
*.1( 6.1 F "inor chan0es
8 ,1.,1.,, "SE .4 F Penetrant consumables <3roup 4= added.
8., F :eadin0 revised to add li0ht intensity
requirements.
8.* F "inimum li0ht intensity requirement added.
? ,1.,1., S%R Para F Penetrant consumable 0roups .1( .( .9
To .4 deleted. 3roup .* renumbered as .1.
3roup . added.
Para8.* F &alibration frequency for Li0ht intensity
"eter added.
5 15.1., S%R Para 1 F Personnel qualification requirements
!dded
6 ,9.1.,* S%R Para 8.1 F "inimum testin0 temperature chan0ed
/rom 1? de0 & to 1, de0 &
Para 8.* F "inimum li0ht intensity chan0ed from
8,, Lx to 1,,, Lx. &alibration frequency of li0ht
'ntensity meter chan0ed from 8 years to one year
Para 6.1 F )eveloper dwell time chan0ed from 5
"inutes to 1, minutes.
4 ,?.,1.,8 S%R Para 4( 1, F Equivalent len0th in Jmm@ added for
The existin0 values in Jinches@
1, ,1.,1.,5 S%R Para 1., F Personnel Kualification and
&ertification requirements elaborated for clarity.
Para 1*., F Performance )emonstration added.
DATE : 17.01.2007
PAGE NO. : 6 OF 6
REV.
11 15.,1.,5 S%R Para 9.* F )ryin0 time for cleaner chan0ed from ?,
Seconds to minimum 8 minutes.
Para 1 F Statement J 'nterpretation of indications
Shall be performed by Level '' or Level '''
Personnel@ included.
PROCEDURE FOR PROCEDURE NO. : MTI
MAGNETIC PENETRANT EXAMINATION REVISION : 9
DATE : 17.01.2007
PAGE NO. : 1 OF 5
REV.
1.0 SCOPE
1.1 This Procedure covers "a0netic Particle Examination by non1fluorescent dry "ethod
!nd acceptance standards( which shall be followed whenever this procedure is specified.
1. This procedure meets the requirements of !S"E F #$P%& F Section ' !ppendix
?,( Section %''' )ivision 1 !ppendix ?( Section % and #*1.1.
1.* !ll ferroma0netic materials and weldments of any shape or si+e shall be examined for
1,,- of their areas unless otherwise specified.
2.0 EUIPMENT
.1 "a0nafluxH ma;e Electroma0netic yo;e model D5 or equivalent meetin0 the
Requirements of para .(.* and .9 shall be used.
. Electro "a0netic Do;e in !& mode shall be able to lift a /erroma0netic
:avin0 minimum wei0ht of 9.8 E0 at the maximum pole spacin0 to be used. The bloc; shall
be duly identified with wei0ht measured and recorded.
.* The bloc; shall be lifted in such a way that its centre of 0ravity falls in the centre of the
Pole spacin0. The pole spacin0 shall be maximum( with the full surface of the le0s in
&ontact with the plate. Do;e is acceptable( if the /erroma0netic bloc; is lifted freely
!0ainst 0ravitational force.
.9 Do;e shall be calibrated once in every year or earlier if malfunction or dama0e is
Suspected.
3.0 FERROMAGNETIC PARTICLES
*.1 I"a0nafluxH ma;e dry particle of the below mentioned 0rades shall be usedB
1 3ray
*. I/errochemH ma;e dry particles of the below mentioned 0rades shall be usedB
/& 95 #lac; .R /& 94 3rey

DATE : 17.01.2007
PAGE NO. : 2 OF 5
REV.
9.1 Surface may be in the as velded( as rolled( as cast or as for0ed condition. :owever
)oubt to resolve the actual indication. Surface to be examined and all ad7acent areas
Cithin atleast 8.9mm( shall be dry and free of all dirt( 0rease( lint( scale( weldin0 flux
!nd spatter( oil or other extraneous matter that could interfere with the examination.
5.0 METHOD OF EXAMINATION
8.1 .nly !& shall be used unless otherwise specified. !lways the full ma0netic field
'ntensity available from the equipment shall be used( unless otherwise stated.
8. Examination shall be done by the continuous method( i.e.( the ma0neti+in0 force
Remains on while the examination medium is bein0 applied and while excess of
The examination medium is bein0 removed by blowin0>hand.
8.* The particle medium shall be applied on the 7ob surface uniformly by a rubber
Sequee+e blower or alternatively by a sprayer from a sufficiently lon0er distance.The
Temperature of the 7ob surface shall not be more than ?,,L/ <or= as per the temperature
Ran0e limitations set by the particle manufacturer.
8.9 ! minimum li0ht intensity of 1,, fc <1,,, Lx= shall be maintained durin0 examination
!nd evaluation. The li0ht intensity meter shall be calibrated( atleast once in 1 year( by
The instrument manufacturer>supplier or a 2ational level laboratory.
8.8 !ll areas to be examined shall be ma0neti+ed in two perpendicular directions(
Cith a minimum overlap of 1,- of pole spacin0.
8.? The pole spacin0( as measured alon0 the surface of the component bein0 tested(
Shall not be more than that used durin0 calibration of yo;e and not less than 58mm.
8.5 The inspection medium once applied on the 7ob shall not be re1used.
!.0 PERSONNEL UALIFICATION
?.1 Personnel performin0 the testin0 shall have atleast Level ' certificate in accordance
Cith T#C Critten practice complyin0 to S2T1T&11!( Latest code applicable Edition.
:owever Level ' personnel shall be under the 0eneral supervision of Level ''>'''
Personnel. 'nterpretation of the indications shall be performed by Level '' or Level '''
Personnel and the report made by Level ' shall be reviewed and si0ned by Level ''>'''.
DATE : 17.01.2007
PAGE NO. : 3 OF 5
REV.
7.0 INTERPRETAION AND EVALUATION OF INDICATIONS
5.1 .nly indications which have any dimensions 0reater than 1>1?@<1.8mm= shall be
5. ! linear indication is one havin0 a len0th 0reater than * times its width.
5.* ! rounded indication is one of circular or ellipted shape with a len0th equal to or less than
* times its width.
5.9 !ny questionable or doubtful indications shall be re1examined to determine their
Relevance.
5.8 !n indication of an imperfection may be lar0er than the imperfection that causes
't( however the si+e of the indication is the basis for acceptance evaluation.
#.0 ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS
!ll examined surfaces shall be free ofB1
6.1 Relevant crac;s and linear indications.

6. Relevant rounded indications 0reater than *>1?@. <8mm=
6.* /our or more rounded indications in a line separated by 1>1?@ inch<1.8mm= or
Less( ed0e to ed0e.
6.9 Ten or more rounded indications in any ? sq.in. <*65,mm= of surface with the ma7or
)imension of this area not to be exceed ? in. <18,mm= with the area ta;en in the most
Anfovourable location relative to the indications bein0 evaluated.
$.0 DEMAGNETISATION
4.1 This is 0enerally not required to be done. 'f the required the testin0 personnel shall 0et
! separate procedure for dema0neti+ation.
10.0 POST-EXAMINATION CLEANING
1,.1 This is 0enerally not required to be done. 'f required( the testin0 personnel shall
3et a separate procedure for dema0neti+ation.
11.1 PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION
11.1 Performance )emonstration is to be carried out( and )ocumented.

(DRY PARTICLE) DATE : 17.01.2007
PAGE NO. : 4 OF 5
REV.
12.0 RECORD OF REVISIONS :
1 15.4.41 "SE ., $ *., F Present equipment>materials in use.
8.1 1 Para added.
1.1G
5.*G 1 "inor added.
6.,G
1*.9.4 "SE 8.*G
8.8G
8.?G
1,.,G
1.,G
.,G 1"inor chan0es
*.,G
* ,1.?.4 "SE 1.1G
1.G
1.*G
9.,G
8.,G
5.,G
6.,G
*., F Cet particle deleted
<Refer "T*=
9 ,.9.4* "SE 9.,G "inor chan0es
8.,G
?.1 Revised to elaborate supervision
#y Level ''>''' and delete the
Jsub1contractersH written
Practice@
8 1.1.,,, S%R Para 8.9 added and subsequent paras renumbered.
Para 5., headin0 revised to add interpretation.
? 1.1.,, S%R Para 8.9( Li0ht intensity chan0ed from 8,fc to
1,,fc( calibration frequency added.
5 ,9.1.,* S%R Para 8. F "ethod of excess particle removal
!dded.
Para 8.* F Temperature ran0e limitations for the
"a0netic particles modified.
Para 8.91 Li0ht intensity meter calibration
/requency chan0ed from 8 years to one year.
(DRY PARTICLE) DATE : 17.01.2007
PAGE NO. : 5 OF 5
REV.
6 1.,1.,5 S%R Procedure title F )ry Particle added.
Para 1.1 F Cord J technique@ chan0ed to J
"ethod@.
Para 1. F !S"E Section ' !ppendix ?, added.
Para *. F /errochem "a;e )ry Particles added.
Para ?., F 2)E personnel certification in
!ccordance to T#C Critten Practice chan0ed to J
T#C Critten Practice in compliance to S2T1T&11!
Latest code applicable edition.
Para 11 F Performance )emonstration added.
? 15.,1.,5 S%R Para .(.* and .9 added to describe the
Procedure for chec;in0 yo;e liftin0 power and
&alibration frequency.
Para .1 F "odification to delete "T procedural
Reference.
Para ?.1 F Statement J 'nterpretation of 'ndications
Shall be par formed by Level '' or Level 111 personnel@
!dded.
(WET PARTICLE) DATE : 17.01.2007
PAGE NO. : 1 OF 6
REV.
1.0 SCOPE
1.1 This Procedure covers "a0netic Particle Examination by /luorescent and %isible <non1
/luorescent= wet "ethod and acceptance standards( which shall be followed whenever
This procedure is specified.
1. This procedure meets the requirements of !S"E F #$P%& F Section '(!ppendix ?,(
Section %''' )ivision 1 !ppendix ?( section % and # *1.1.
1.* !ll ferroma0netic materials and weldments of any shape or si+e shall be examined
/or 1,,- of their areas unless otherwise specified.
2.0 EUIPMENT
.1 I"a0nafluxH ma;e Electroma0netic yo;e model D5 or equivalent meetin0 the
Requirements of para .( .* and .9 shall be used.
. Electro "a0netic Do;e in !& mode shall be able to lift a /erroma0netic bloc; havin0
"inimum wei0ht of 9.8 E0 at the maximum pole spacin0 to be used. The bloc; shall be duly identified
with wei0ht measured and recorded.
.* The bloc; shall be lifted in such a way that its centre of 0ravity falls in the centre of the
Pole spacin0. The pole spacin0 shall be maximum( with the full surface of the le0s in
&ontact with the plate. Do;e is acceptable( if /erroma0netic bloc; is lifted freely
!0ainst 0ravitational force.
.9 Do;e shall be calibrated once in every year or earlier if malfunction or dama0e is
Suspected.
3.0 FERROMAGNETIC PARTICLES
.ne of the followin0 approved 0rades of consumables shall be used for "a0netic
Particle testin0.
PAGE NO. : 2 OF 6
REV.
*.1
/errochem "a;e or "a;e or "a0naflux ma;e white contrast paint shall be used( at the
discretion of T#C "T Level ''( based on the contrast of the test ob7ect and the confi0uration.
*. 'f the water is used as a vehicle( the water conditioner shall be added( as recommended by 5
"anufacturer.
The stren0th of wet bath shall be chec;ed by allowin0 1,, ml suspension to settle in a
Pear shaped centurifu0e tibe. Settin0 time for consumable 0rades 4& Red( 195 ! #lac;
Shall be ?, "inutes and for 91,( 1*8& shall be *, "inutes.
The settlin0 volume shall be ,.1 to ,.9 ml for consumable 0rades 91,( 1*8&
!nd 1. to .9ml for 0rades 4& red( 195! #lac;.
The concentration of the bath shall be chec;ed prior to use every day or every 6
:ours.
9.1 Surface may be in the as welded( as rolled( as cast or as for0ed condition. :owever
Surface preparation by 0rindin0 or other suitablMe means may be necessary in case of
doubt to resolve the actual indication. Surface to be examined and all ad7acent areas
witin atleast 8.9 mm(shall be dry and free of all dirt( 0rease( lint( scale( weldin0 flux and
spatter( oil or other extraneous matter that could interfere with the examination.
5.0 METHOD OF EXAMINATION
8.1 .nly !& shall be used unless otherwise specified. !lways the full ma0netic field
'ntensity available from the equipment shall be used( unless otherwise stated.
"ethod "a;e 3rade &oncentration
%isible "a0naflux 4& Red 1. to .9 ml > 1,,ml <or= as per "anufacturerHs
Recommendation.
%isible /errochem 195! #lac; 1. to .9 ml> 1,,ml <or= as per "anufacturerHs
Recommadation.
/lourescent "a0naflux 91, 1,0ms>Liter or ,.1 to ,.9 ml>1,,ml <or= as per
"anufacturer Recommadation.
/lourescent /errochem 1*8& 1,0ms>Liter or ,.1 to ,.1 ml>1,,ml <or= as per
"anufacturer Reccomdation.
PAGE NO. : 3 OF 6
REV.
8. Examination shall be done by the continuous method( i.e.( the ma0neti+in0 force
Remains on while the examination medium is bein0 applied and while excess of
The examination medium is bein0 removed by blowin0 > hand.
8.* The particle medium shall be applied on the 7ob surface uniformly by a sprayer
/rom a sufficiently lon0er distance. The temperature of the 7ob surface shall not
be more than 1*8L/ <or= as per the temperature ran0e limitations set by the particle
manufacturer.
5.4 V%&%'() M)*+,- . ! minimum li0ht intensity of 1,, fc <1,,, Lx= shall be maintained
)urin0 examination and evaluation. The li0ht intensity meter shall be calibrated(
!tleast once in 1 year( by the instrument manufacturer>supplier or a 2ational level
Laboratory.
8.8 F(/,0)&1)2* M)*+,-

Inte!et"t#$n %&"'' (e !e)$*e+ #n " +",ene+ "e".
E-"*#ne %&"'' (e #n " +",ene+ "e" )$ "t 'e"%t 5*#n. !#$ t$ !e)$*#n.
E-"*#n"t#$n t$ t&e# e/e% t$ "+"!t t$ +", 0#e1#n..
2'"3, '#.&t %&"'' "3&#e0e " *#n#*4* #nten%#t/ $) 1000 5 67S8 3* "t 200**9
On t&e %4)"3e $) t&e !"t (e#n. E-"*#ne+ t&$4.& t&e e-"*#n"t#$n. T&e '#.&t
Inten%#t/ *ete %&"'' (e 3"'#("te+9 "t'e"%t $n3e #n 1 /e"9 (/ t&e #n%t4*ent
M"n4)"3t4e7%4!!'#e $ " N"t#$n"' :e0e' '"($"t$/
Re)'e3t$% "n+ )#'te% %&$4'+ (e *e"%4e+ 1#t& " ('"3, '#.&t *ete !#$ t$ 4%e
6&ene0e t&e '#.&t% !$1e %$43e #% #nte4!te+ $ 3&"n.e+ "n+ "t t&e
C$*!'et#$n $) t&e e-"*#n"t#$n $ %e#e% $) e-"*#n"t#$n.
5.6 A'' "e"% t$ (e e-"*#ne+ %&"'' (e *".net#;e+ #n t1$ !e!en+#34'" +#e3t#$n%9
6#t& " *#n#*4* $0e'"! $) 10< $) !$'e %!"3#n..
5.7 T&e !$'e %!"3#n.9 "% *e"%4e+ "'$n. t&e %4)"3e $) t&e 3$*!$nent (e#n.
te%te+9 %&"'' n$t (e *$e t&"n t&"t 4%e+ +4#n. 3"'#("t#$n $) /$,e "n+ n$t
'e%% t&"n 75 **.
5.= T&e #n%!e3t#$n *e+#4* $n3e "!!'#e+ $n t&e >$( %&"'' n$t (e e?4%e+.

PAGE NO. : 4 OF 6
REV.
!.0 PERSONNEL UALIFICATION
?.1 Personnel performin0 the testin0 shall have atleast Level ' certification in accordance
Cith T#C Critten practice( &omplyin0 to S2T1T&11! latest code applicable edition.
:owever Level ' personnel shall be under the 0eneral supervision of Level '' or Level
''>''' personnel. 'nterpretation of indications shall be performed by Level '' or Level '''
Personnel and the report made by Level ' shall be reviewed and si0ned by Level ''> '''.
".0 INTERPRETATION AND EVALUATION OF INDICATIONS
".1 .nly indications which have any dimension 0reater than 1>1?@<1.8mm= shall be
".2 ! Linear indication is one havin0 a len0th 0reater than * times its width.
".3 ! rounded indication is one of circular or ellipted shape with a len0th equal to or less
Than * times its width.
".4 !ny questionable or doubtful indications shall be re1examined to determine their
Relevance.
".5 !n indication of an imperfection may be lar0er than the imperfection that causes
't( however the si+e of the indication is the basis for acceptance evaluation.
#.0 AACCEPTANCE STANDARDS
!ll examined surfaces shall be free of B
6.1 Relevant crac;s and linear indications.
6. Relevant rounded indications 0reater than *>1?@ <8mm=.
6.* /our or more relevant rounded indications in a line seprated by 1>1?@ <1.8mm= or less(
Ed0e to ed0e.
6.9 Ten or more rounded indications in any ? sq.in. <*65,mm= of surface with the ma7or
)imension of this area not to exceed ? in. <18,mm= with the area ta;en in the most
Anfavourable location relative to the indications bein0 evaluated.
$.0 DEMAGNETISATION
4.1 This is 0enerally not require to be done. 'f the required the testin0 shall 0et a
Seprate procedure for dema0neti+ation.

PAGE NO. : 5 $) 6
REV.
10.0 POST-EXAMINATION CLEANING
1,.1 This is 0enerally not required to be done. 'f the testin0 personnel shall
0et a seprate procedure for post1examination cleanin0.
11.0 PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION
11.1 Performance )emonstration is to be carried out( and )ocumentated.
12.0 RECORD OF REVISIONS3

1 ,.9.4* "SE 1.,( 9., G "inor revision
8.,( 6., G
,1.,11 &oncentration chec; added
?.1 1 Revised to elaborate supervision by Level
''>''' and delete the Jsub1contractors@ written
Practice@
,1.,1.,, S%R Para *. added to include new
&onsumables( subsequent para renumbered.
Para 8.9 added and subsequent paras renumbered.
* ,1.,1., S%R Para 8.9( li0ht intensity chan0ed from 8,fc to
1,,fc( calibration frequency added.
9 ,9.1.,* S%R Para 8. F "ethod of excess particle removal
!dded.
Para 8.* F Temperature ran0e limitations for the
"a0netic particles modified.
Para 8.9 F Li0ht intensity meter calibration
/requency chan0ed from 8 years to one year.
8 ,?.,1.,8 S%R Para * F Settin0 test volume value chan0ed from
1.8 ml to 1. F .9 ml.
Para 5( 6 F Equivalent len0th in Jmm@ added for the
Existin0 values in Jinches@.

PAGE NO. : 6 OF 6
REV.

? ,1.,1.,5 S%R Procedure Title F wet Particle added.
Para 1.1 F Cord J Technique@ chan0ed to J
"ethod@. /luorescent "ethod added.
Para 1. F !S"E Section ' !ppendix ?, added.
Para 1. F /luorescent "ethod( "a;e added. Chite
contrast paint usa0e provision added.
Para 8.9 F %isible "ethod added for clarity.
Para 8.8 F Examination requirements for
/luorescent "ethod added.
Para ?., F 2)E personnel certification in
!ccordance to T#C Critten Practice chan0ed to J T#C
Critten Practice in &ompliance to S2T1T&11!
Latest code applicable edition.
Para 11 F performance )emonstration added.
5 15.,1.,5 S%R Para .( .* and .9 added to describe the
Procedure for chec;in0 yo;e liftin0 power and
&alibration frequency.
Para .1 F "odified to delete "T procedural
Reference.
Para *. F )escription to chec; the bath stren0th
!nd acceptance concentration ran0e details added
Para 8.8 F #lac; li0ht positionin0 distance from the
Examination surface added.
Para ?.1 F Statement J 'nterpretation of indications
Shall be performed by Level '' or Level ''' personnel@
!dded.

RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE PROCEDURE NO. : RT 12
RT 1! RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION OF REVISION : 10
WELDED "OINTS DATE : 01.01.2007
PAGE NO. : 1 OF 27

REV.
1.0 SCOPE 3
1.1 This wor; instruction outlines the methods and techniques to be used for 3amma ray
!nd N1ray Radio0raphy of welds>welded components of metallic materials of any
Thic;ness upto ,, mm( in accordance with !S"E F#$P%& F Section %( !rticle $
Section %'''( )iv.1 $ section 1 $ #1*1.1.
2.0 SENSITIVITY OF RADIOGRAPHS 3
.1 Radio0raphy shall be performed with such a technique which will have sufficient
Sensitivity to display the hole 'K' ima0e and the specified hole( or the desi0nated
Cire of a wire 'K' which are essential indications of the ima0e quality of the radi0raph.
The radio0raph shall also have the identififyin0 numbers and letters( includin0 the date(
T#CHs name>mono0ram and repair desi0nation <in case of repair 7oints=.
. The density and the 'K' ima0e as required by para .1 above on production or
Technique radio0raphs shall be considered satisfactory demonstration of compliance
to the codes mentioned in para 1.,.
3.0 UALIFICATION OF PERSONNEL 3
Personnel performin0 the radio0raphy and evaluation of radio0raphy and evaluation
.f radio0raphs shall be certified individuals as per T#C Critten Practice( complyin0
To S2T1T&11! latest code applicable Edition and addenda.
4.0 SURFACE PREPARATION FOR TESTING 3
Celds to be radio0araphed shall have the weld ripples or weld surface irre0ularities
.n both( the inside <where readily accessible= and the outside( removed by any
Suitable mechanical process to such a de0ree that resultin0 radio0raphic ima0e
.f any irre0ularities <on the surface= cannot mas; or be confused with the ima0e
of any unacceptable discontinuity.
5.0 II 3
The desi0n( inspection and calibration of 'K' shall be as per radio0raphic
Examination procedure RT or calibration certificate by the "anufacturer>
Supplier shall be acceptable as verification of dimensions of hole type and
Cire type 'K'. The instruments used by the "anufacturer > Supplier shall
#e traceable to 2ational standards. 'K' for radio0raphy shall be /abricated
from material that is either radio0raphlly equivalent to or radio0raphically
less dense than the material and>or the weld metal on which they are used.
PAGE NO. : 2 OF 27

REV.
8.1 II IDENTIFICATION 3
'K' shall be identified permanently with attached lead number atleast *>*@ hi0h. The
2umber shall indicate the 'K' thic;ness in accordance with Table 1 of !nnex 1( for hole
Type 'K'. /or wire type 'K'( each set of wire 'K' shall be identified by lead letters or
2umbers( indicatin0 !ST" set material as per Table * of !nnex 1. Each 'K' of hole type
shall be further identified by mar;in0 its metal or principal alloy composition on the surface
of the 'K' in a suitable manner. Each wire type 'K' set shall also be identified by its material
0rade.
5.2 II LOCATION 3
! source side 'K' of the thic;ness shown in Table or Table * of !nnex '( as may be
!pplicable shall be placed on the side nearest the radiation source<i.e. source side of
The ob7ect=. Chere it is impractical to hand place the 'K' on the source side( a film side
'K' from Table or table * of !nnex '( as may be applicable( shall be identification number
shall be placed ad7acent to or on the 'K' but shall not mas; the essential hole of the 'K'(
where hole type 'K' are used.
5.3 II SELECTION 3

a= The desi0nated hole type 'K' with essential hole or desi0nated wire diameter of
wire type 'K' shall be as per table of !nnex 1 and accordin0ly either hole type
'K' shall be selected.
b= The thic;ness for the selection of 'K' as per par 8.* a= shall be the nominal sin0le
wall thic;ness plus the weld reinforcement( if any. :owever the shim shall be placed
under the 'K'( as per para 8.9 a= ii.
c= welds 7oinin0 dissimilar materials or welds with dissimilar /iller "etalB when the
weld metal is of an alloy 0roup or 0rade which has a radiation attenuation that
differ from the base material( the 'K' material selection shall be based on the
weld metal and be in accordance with para 8.,. Chen density limits of para
8.8 <i= can not be met with one 'K'( and exceptional density area<s= is at
interface of the weld metal and the base material( the material selection for
the additional 'K' shall be based on the material and be in accordance with
para 8.,
PAGE NO. : 3 OF 27

REV.
5.4 II PLACEMENT 3

45 H,() *67) II

i= The 'K' shall be placed ad7acent to the weld or on the weld. The identification
numbers and lead letter J/@ ( when used shall not be in the area of interest(
except when 0eometric confi0uration ma;es it impractical to place the 'K'(
the lead numbers and the lead letter J/@ may be placed in the area of interest.
ii= Chen weld reinforcement or protrudin0 rin0 is not removed( a shim of the
same type of material and appropriate thic;ness shall be placed under the
'K'. The shim thic;ness shall be selected so that the total thic;ness bein0
Radio0raphed under the 'K' is the same as the avera0e thic;ness throu0h
The weld. Shim shall exceed the 'K' such that atleast * sides of 'K' ima0e
Shall be visible on the radio0raph. The shimmed 'K' shall be placed so as
not to overlap the bac;in0 strip or rin0.
iii= Chen the confi0uration or si+e of the ob7ect prevents placin0 the 'K' as
described above( it may be placed on a seprate bloc; havin0 the same
thic;ness $ same material and is placed as close possible to the weld
bein0 radio0raphed.The resultin0 density of the bloc; ima0e is within
prescribed 'K' > area of interest( density variation tolerances. The 'K'
on the source side of the part bein0 radio0raphed. The bloc; dimensions
shall exceed the 'K' dimensions such that the outline of atleast three sides
of the 'K' ima0e shall be visible on the radio0raph.
'5 80%*) *67) II
i= The 'K' shall be placed on the weld so that the len0th of the wires is
perpendicular to the len0th of the weld. The identification numbers and
lead letter J/@ ( when used( shall not be in the area of interest( except
when the lead numbers and lead letter J/@ may be placed in the area
of interest.
ii= Chen confi0uration and si+e prevents the placin0 of 'K' as described
above( it may be placed on a seprate bloc; or li;e part>product as provided
in para 8.9 <a= <iii=. The film density throu0h the bloc; ima0e <or similar
section= ad7acent film density of the area of interest.
PAGE NO. : 4 OF 27

REV.
iii= Chen the 'K' is placed on the weld as described in 8.9 <b=<i= and if
reinforcement interferes the visibility of wires( it shall be placed on
the parent metal provided a shim of same type material and thic;ness(
equivalent to the thic;ness of reinforcement is placed under the 'K' set.
The film density of the shim ima0e shall not be 0reater than 18- more
Than the li0htest film density of the area of interest.

5.5 NUM9ER OF II TO 9E USED 3

i= Except as required in para0raph 8.?( one 'K' shall be used for each exposure
to be placed so that the plane of the 'K' is normal to the radiation beam. Each
'K' shall represent an area of essentially uniform radio0raphic density as 7ud0ed
#y densitometer or density strip. 'f the radio0raphic density throu0h the areas of
'nterest varies more than 118- or O*,- from the density throu0h the area of
:ole 'K' or ad7acent to the desi0nated wire to wire 'K'( then an additional 'K' is
Required for the exceptional area or areas. Chen shims are used with hole type
'K' the plus *,- density variation may be exceded and the minimum density
Limitations are not applicable( provided the required 'K' sensitivity is displayed
!nd the maximum density limitations as mentioned below are met. 'f the requirement
.f 8.8 ii= are met by the two 'K'( one 'K' appearin0 in the li0htest area of
The film and other in the dar;estM intervenin0 densities on the film shall be
&onsidered acceptable. The film density throu0h the weld metal for sin0le
%iewin0 shall be as below.

"inimum "aximum
3amma ray <hole type 'K'= 11 9.,
N F ray <hole type 'K'= 11 9.,
3amma ray <wire type 'K'= ., 9.,
N F ray <wire type 'K'= 1.6 9.,
ii= The essential hole of 'K' shall be T or desi0nated wire as per the Table of
!nnexure 1.
5.! II FOR CIRCUMFERENTIAL :OINT EXPOSURE 3
a= /or cylindrical vessals where the source is placed on the axis of the ob7ect and
one more film holders are used for a sin0le exposure of a complete circumferences(
atleast three 'K' shall be placd approximately 1, )e0. !part. Chere sections of
lon0itudinal welds ad7oinin0 the end of each section most remote from the 7unction
with the circumferential weld bein0 radio0raphed.
PAGE NO. : 5 OF 27

REV.
b= /or cylindrical vessels where the source is placed on the axis of the ob7ect $
four or more film holders are used for a sin0le exposure of a section of the
circumference( atleast three 'K' shall be used. .ne 'K' shall be in approximate
centre of the section exposed and one at each end. Chen the section of circum1
ference exposed 9, )e0.( the rules 8.? a= apply. 'n each case( additional film
locations may be required to establish proper 'K' spacin0 otherwise atleast one
'K' ima0e shall appear on each radio0raph.
c= /or spherical vessels( where the source is located at the centre of the vessel
and one or more film holders are used for a sin0le exposure of a complete
circumference( at least three 'K' shall be placed approximately 1, de0 apart.
/or other welds radio0raphed simultaneously( one additional 'K' should be placed
.n each.
d= /or spherical vessels where the source is located at the centre of the vessel and
four or more film holders are used for a sin0le exposure of se0ment of the circum1
ferential seam>part of the lon0 seams( the 'K' will be placed as detailed above in <b=.
!dditional film locations may be required to obtain the necessary 'K' spacin0. /or the
welds radio0raphed simultaneously( one additional 'K' shall be placed on each weld.
e= Chere one or more similar identical flat>curved components are radio0raphed
simultaneously ;eepin0 the source in axis of the circumference( each film should
have the ima0e of the 'K'.
!.0 TECHNIUE 3
?.1 S%2;() 84(( V%)<%2; 3 Except as permitted in para0raph 8.? radio0raphic examination
of circumferential welds <butt= in items such as pipes( tubin0s( fittin0s and no++les shall
be performed with sin0le walll viewin0. The radiation beam may pass throu0h one or both
the walls. Chere the source is located outside and film is inside theob7ect a minimum of
three exposures seprated by 1, de0 are required for sin0le wall viewin0. The 'K' shall
be based on nominal sin0le wall thic;ness plus reinforcement if any( as per para 8.*.
?. II P(41)=)2* 3 Chere radiation beam passes throu0h one or two walls and it is
'mpractical to place the 'K' on the film side( except as required in para0raph ?.* and ?.9.

PAGE NO. : 6 OF 27

REV.
?.* D,/'() 84(( V%)<%2; 3 Celd 7oint on pipe with an outside diameter of *.8 inch or less
"ay be radio0raphed usin0 a technique in which radiation passes throu0h two walls
!nd the weld in both the walls is viewed for acceptance on the same film. The 'K'
Shall be placed on source side. The an0le of the radiation beam from the plane of
Celd centre line side portions of the weld( so that there is no overlap of the areas
#e made for each weld 7oint. The 'K' shall be based on nominal sin0le wall thic;ness
Plus reinforcement if any( as per para 8.*.
?.9 D,/'() 84(( S/7)0%=7,&)- I=4;) T)1+2%>/) 3 weld may be radio0raphed with the
Radiation beam located such as that the ima0es of both the walls are superimposed.
'n this case atleast three exposures shall be made ?, )e0 to each other. The 'K' shall
#e based on nominal sin0le wall thic;ness plus reinforcement if any( as per para 8.*.
?.8 S,/01) *, F%(= D%&*421) 3 The minimum source to film distance and the maximum
Source si+e shall be such that the maximum 0eometric unsharpness does not exceed
1.58 mm. for a particular source si+e( minimum source to film distance can be calculated
#y the formula 0iven belowB
P /x t G
S/) Q P 11111 G O t
P 1.58 G
Chere(
S/) Q S.) O ./) Q )istance( in mm( from the source of radiation to the film.
S.)Q Source to ob7ect distance in mm.
./)Q )istance from source side of the ob7ect to the film in mm.
/ Q Source si+e( in mm <The maximum pro7ected dimension> effective focal spot( in
The plans perpendicular to the weld or ob7ect bein0 radio0raphed.=
t Q Thic;ness( in mm( of the weld or ob7ect bein0 radio 0raphed where the film is
in close contact with the ob7ect under testin0.
'n case of 0ap between ob7ect and film <where such placement cannot be avoided=( ItH
Should be the thic;ness of ob7ect under testin0 plus the amount of 0ap>space between
The film and the ob7ect. 'n case of pipe radio0raphy( by double wall double ima0e
Technique( the outside diameter of pipe will be ta;en as ItH .

'n case of 0ap between ob7ect and film <where such placement cannot be avoided=( ItH
Should be the thic;ness of ob7ect. 'n case of pipe radio0raphy( by double wall double
'ma0e technique( the outside diameter of the pipe will be ta;en as ItH .
?.? O'?)1* *, F%(= -%&*421) 3 The ob7ect to film distance should be the minimum possible.
PAGE NO. : 7 OF 27

REV.
?.5 S14**)0)- R4-%4*%,2 B Scatter radiation fallin0 on the film should be avoided. To
)etermine the presence of bac; scattered radiation( a lead letter J#@ of minimum R@
:i0h and 1>1?@ thic; shall be attached to the bac; of each film holder and shall be
"aintained throu0hout the exposure. 'f a white ima0e of J#@ appears on the dar;er
#ac;0round of the radio0raph( it means that the protection from bac;scatter is insufficient
!nd the radio0raph shall be considered unacceptable. :owever a dar; ima0e of J#@ on the li0hter
#ac;0round is not cause for re7ection.
6.= E@7,&/0) T%=) 3 The exposure time for 0ama radio0raphy may be calculated by the
/ormula as below B
// N x S/)
ET Q 111111111111111111
R:" x SS
Chere(
ET Q Exposure time( in hours.
/T Q /ilm fector( in Roent0ens( as per /ilm "anufactureHs data.
2 Q 2umber of :alf value layers in the 7ob thic;ness bein0 radio0raphed for the
Particular source. <:%L for steel with 'r114 is 1.8 mm( with &o1?, is ,.,
mm=.
S/) Q Source to film distance( in meters.
R:" Q The radiation output from the source( in Roent0ens per hour at 1 meter
<i.e. ,.8 for 'r114 and 1.* for &o1?,=.
SS Q Source stren0th( in &uries.
The exposure time for x1ray radio0raphy shall be selected based on the exposure
&hart provided by the manufacturer of the x1ray machine( ;eepin0 in view the film
#ein0 used( as reffered in para 5.*.
".0 MATERIAL AND EUIPMENT 3
".1 FILMS 3
Radi0raphs shall be made usin0 one of the below mentioned industrial radio0raphic
/ilms B
<a= E.)!E 1 !!9,,>"N18>T>">)R
<b= !3/! 1 )9>)8?>)5
<c=L!SER 1 2)T1)>)*>)9>)8>)5>)6
!ny other film may be used( provided the requirements of para ., are met.
PAGE NO. : = OF 27

REV.
5. SCREENS 3
Inten%#)/#n. 'e"+ %3een% *"/ (e 4%e+. T&e )'4$e%3ent $ F'4$$*et"''#3 %3een% "e
n$t !e*#tte+.
".3 SOURCE OF RADIATION 3
5.*.1 3amma ray source shall be used unless otherwise specified.
5.*. The selection of the 3amma ray source of radiation shall be as mentioned belowB
@$1e0e9
t&#3,ne%% (e'$1 t&e e3$**en+e+ 0"'4e% *ent#$ne+ "($0e 3"n (e
R"+#$."!&e+9 !$0#+e+ t&e "+#$."!&#3 te3&n#84e% 4%e+ +e*$n%t"te t&"t t&e
Re84#e+ "+#$."!&#3 %en%#t#0#t/ &"% (een $(t"#ne+9 "% e84#e+ (/ P"" 2.0.
7.3.3 T&e %e'e3te+ $) A#'$0$'t".e "n+ t4(e 34ent )$ t&e e-!$%4e 4%#n. B?"/
S$43e %&"'' (e ("%e+ $n t&e e-!$%4e 3&"t !$0#+e+ (/ t&e *"n4)"3t4e.
FILM UALITY, PROCESSING, AND IDENTIFICATION 3
#.1 FILM UALITY REUIREMENTS 3
!ll radio0raphs shall be free from mechanical( chemical or other processin0
)efects( that could interfere with proper interpretation of the radio0raph( such as
a. /o00in0(
b. Processin0 defects( li;e strea;in0( water mar;s( or chemical stains(
c. Scratches( fin0er mar;s( crips( dirt( static mar;s( smud0es and tears
d. Loss of detail due to poor screen1to1film contact( false indications( due to detective
screens or artifacts caused by defective film.
FILM PROCESSING 3

i= /ilms will be processed manually. The chemicals used may be Eoda;>!0fa N1ray
chemicals or of any other ma;e( which shall be prepared and used as par the
recommendation of the manufacturer of chemicals.
"aterial "inimum Thic;ness
'ridium114 &oblet1?,
Steel ,.58 in. 1.8, in.
&opper or :i0h 2ic;el ,.?8 in. 1.*, in.
!luminum .8, in. 11111
PAGE NO. : 9 OF 27

REV.
<ii= The preparation of !0fa ma;e processin0 chemical solutions shall be as per
Radio0raphic examination procedure RT1,. The manual film processin0
shall be done as per radio0raphic Examination Procedure RT11. The
preparation of processin0 chemical solutions and manual film processin0
shall be as per the recommendations of the manufacturers( whenever
different brands of chemicals and films are used.
#.3 FILM IDENTIFICATION 3
i= Location mar;ers( radio0raphic ima0es of which will appear on the film shall be
placed ad7ecnt to the weld on the part( not on the film or film holder( and their
locations shall be mar;ed on the surface near the weld( in such a manner that
the area of interest on the radio0raph may be accurately located and it is
evident <on the film= that complete covera0e of the weld has been obtained.
The placement of location mar;ers shallbe as per /i0.1.
ii= The location mar;ers for double wall viewin0 B !tleast one location mar;er shall
be placed on the outside surface ad7acent to the weld <or not the material in the
area of interest= for each radio0raph.
iii= "appin0 the placement of location mar;ers B Chen inaccessibility or other
limitations prevent the placement of location mar;ers as stipulated in 6.* i= $
ii=( a dimensional map of the actual mar;er placement shall accompany the
radio0raphs and shall show that the full covera0e has been obtained.
EVALUATION OF RADIOGRAPHS 3
4.1 !ll the radio0raphs shall be examined and interpreted to assure the compliance
Cith the reference &ode. T#C shall record on the flap observations>interpretation
of each film. !fter review of all the radio0raphs the 'nspection report <Radio0raphic
Examination report= shall be prepared under the si0nature and date.
4. The films shall be viewed in a room with subdued li0ht. Equipment used to view
/ilms for radio0raphic interpretation shall provide a hi0h intensity li0ht source sufficient
To illuminate the specified density ran0e such that the essential hole of 'K' or desi0nated
Cire shall be readily visible for the specified density ran0e. &alibrated )ensitometer or
Step wed0e comparison film <)ensity strip= shall be used for assurin0 compliance with
/ilm density requirements.
4.* The calibration and certification of density strips shall be as per radio0raphic examination
Procedure RT*. &alibration of densitometer shall be as per radio0raphic examination
Procedure RT4.
PAGE NO. : 10 OF 27

REV.
10.0 SPOT RADIOGRAPHY 3
1,.1 "inimum len0th of the spot radio0raphy shall be 18,mm <?@= for each 18
"eters <8, feet= of weldin0 or Part thereof( unless otherwise specified.
1,. The spot shall be selected by inspectin0 authority as soon as practiciable after the
complection of increment of weld to be examined( except when the inspector has
been notified in advance and can be present or otherwise ma;e the
selection of spot( then the K!& person shall select the spot.
1,.* Chen the radio0raph ta;en under spot radio0raphy( discloses defects not acceptable
as per para 11.( two additional spots of minimum 18,mm <?@= Lon0 each( should be
radio0raphed in the same seam<s= away from the ori0inal spot. The location
of such additional spot shall be mar;ed by the concerned inspectin0 authorities or
K!& person as per 1,.. 'f the additional spots radio0raphed do not show any
unacceptable.The spot showin0 defects as per para 11.( the seam<s=
represented by these should be treated as acceptable. The spot showin0
defects in the spot radio0raphy should be repaired and re1radio0raphed
to meet the requirements of 11..
1,.9 'f the additional radio0raphs ta;en on additional spots as per para
1,.* reveled any unacceptable defects as per para 11.( the entire
seam<s= shall be treated as re7ected. Then the full len0th of the seam<s=
shall be repaired or radio0raphed fully and all such films shall be examined
as per the requirements of para 11.( after reweldin0 of the seam<s=
or repirin0 of all the defective areas of the seam<s= Pif fully radio0raphedG(
such weldin0 should be spot radio0raphed at one location and examined
as per the reqirements of 11..
RADIOGRAPHIC ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS 3
11.1 /ALL R!)'.3R!P:D B
Evaluation of indications B Celds that are shown by radio0raphy to have any
.f the followin0 types of discontinuities are unacceptable
a= !ny type of crac; or +one of incomplete fusion or penetration.
b= !ny elon0ated indication which has a len0th 0reater than B
i= S@ <?mm= for ItH upto T@ <14mm= inclusive
ii= 1>*t for ItH from T@ <14mm= to S@<85mm= inclusive
iii= T@<14mm= for ItH over S@<85mm=
where ItH is the thic;ness of the thinner part welded.
c= !ny 0roup of ali0ned indications in the that have an a00re0ate len0th 0reater
that ItH in a len0th of 1t except where the distance between the distance between
the successive indication exceeds ?L where L is the lon0est indication in the 0roupM
PAGE NO. : 11 OF 27

REV.
d= Rounded indications in excess of that 0iven in !nnexure1'' and shown in /i0. to
1,.
e= Root concavity when there is an abrupt chan0e in density as indicated on the
radio0raph.

11.2 SPOT RADIOGRAPHY 3
a= The radio0raphy ta;en under spot radio0raphy( disclosin0 any type of crac;( or
+one of incomplete fusion or penetrant or root concavity with an abrupt chan0e
in density as indicated on the radio0raph shall be unacceptable.
b= Celds in which the radio0raph shows sla0 inclusions or cavities shall not be
acceptable if the len0th of any such imperfection is 0reater than >* t( where
ItH is the thic;ness of thinner part welded. 'f several imperfections within the
above limitation exist in line( the weld is 7ud0ed acceptable if the sum of
the lon0est dimensions of all such imperfections is not more than ItH in a len0th
of ?t <or proportionately for radio0raphs shorter than ?t= and if the lon0est
imperfection considered as separated by atleast *L of acceptable weld where
L is the len0th of lon0est imperfection. :owever maximum len0th acceptable
Cill be T@. !ny imperfection shorter than S@ shall be acceptable for any part
Thic;ness.
c= Rounded indications are not a factor in acceptability of welds not to be fully
radio0raphed.
DOCUMENTS AND RECORDS 3
1.1 !ll radio0raphs shall have a Radio0raphic Examination Report. /or radio0raphs
Spot Radio0raphy requirements( the report shall also have a s;etch showin0 the
Location of the spots( with reference points.
1. !ll the radio0raphs and reports shall be retained as required by the applicable
&odes mentioned in para 1.,
PAGE NO. : 12 OF 27

REV
ANNEXURE I
TA9LE 1
II DESIGNATION, THICANESS & HOLE DIAMETER
<'2 '2&:ES=
'K'
)esi0nation
'K'
Thic;ness
1T
:ole )iameter
T
:ole )iameter
9T
:ole )iameter
8 ,.,,8 ,.,1, ,.,, ,.,9,
5 ,.,,58 ,.,1, ,.,, ,.,9,
1, ,.,1, ,.,1, ,.,, ,.,9,
1 ,.,18 ,.,18 ,.,8 ,.,8,
18 ,.,18 ,.,18 ,.,*, ,.,?,
15 ,.,158 ,.,158 ,.,*8 ,.,5,
, ,.,, ,.,, ,.,9, ,.,6,
8 ,.,8 ,.,8 ,.,98 ,.1,,
*, ,.,*, ,.,*, ,,8, ,.1,
*8 ,.,*8 ,.,*8 ,.,?, ,.19,
9, ,.,9, ,.,9, ,.,5, ,.1?,
98 ,.,98 ,.,98 ,.,6, ,.16,
8, ,,8, ,,8, ,.1,, ,.,,
?, ,.,?, ,.,?, ,.1, ,.9,
5, ,.,5, ,.,5, ,.19, ,.6,
6, ,.,6, ,.,6, ,.1?, ,.*,
1,, ,.1,, ,.1,, ,.,, ,.9,,
1, ,.1, ,.1, ,.9, ,.96,
19, ,.19, ,.19, ,.6, ,.8?,
1?, ,.1?, ,.1?, ,.*, ,.?9,
,, ,.,, ,.,, ,.9,, 11111111
PAGE NO. : 13 OF 27

REV
ANNEXURE I
TA9LE 2
II SELECTION

PAGE NO. : 14 OF 27

REV.

T4'() 3
8IRE II DESIGNATION, 8IRE DIAMETER AND 8IRE IDENTITY
Set ! Set #
Cire Cire Cire Cire
)iameter( in. 'dentity )iameter( in. 'dentity
'K'
2ominal Sin0le F Call
"aterial Thic;ness
Ran0e( mm
Source side /ilm side
:ole1 Type
)esi0nation
Cire Type
Essential Cire
:ole1 Type
)esi0nation
Cire Type
Essential Cire
Apto ?.9 1 8 1, 9
.ver ?.9 18 ? 1 8
.ver 4.8 to 1.5 15 5 18 ?
.ver 4.8 to 14., , 6 15 5
.ver 14., to 8.9 8 4 , 6
.ver 1.5 to 14., *, 1, 8 4
.ver 8.9 to *6.1 *8 11 *, 1,
.ver 8,.6 to ?*.8 9, 1 *8 11
.ver 8,.6 to ?*.8 8, 1* 9, 1
.ver ?*.8 to 1,1.? ?, 19 98 1*
.ver 18.9 to ,*. 6, 1? ?, 19
.ver ,*. to 89., 1,, 15 6, 1?
.ver 89., to *,9.6 1, 16 1,, 15
.ver *,9.6 to 9,?.9 1?, , 1, 16
.ver 9,?.9 to 8,6., ,, 1 1?, ,
,.,,* 1 ,.,1, ?
,.,,9, ,.,1* 5
,.,,8, * ,.,1? 6
,.,,?* 9 ,.,, 4
,.,,6, 8 ,.,8 1,
,.,1,, ? ,.,* 11

Set & Set )
Cire Cire Cire Cire
)iameter( in. 'dentity )iameter( in. 'dentity
,.,,* 11 ,.1,, 1?
,.,,9, 1 ,.1? 15
,.,,8, 1* ,.1?, 16
,.,,?* 19 ,.,, 14
,.,,6, 18 ,.8, ,
,.,1,, 1? ,.*, 1
PAGE NO. : 15 OF 27

REV.
ANNEXURE II
ROUNDED INDICATIONS CHARTS ACCEPTANCE STANDARD FOR
RADIOGRAPHICALLY DETERMINED ROUNDED INDICATIONS IN 8ELDS
A2.1 TERMINOLOGY 3
a= Rounded 'ndications with a maximum len0th of three times the width or
less on the radio0raph are defined as rounded indications. These
indications may be circular( elliptical are defined as rounded indications.
These indications may be circular( elliptical( conical or irre0ular in shape
and may have tails. Chen evaluatin0 the si+e of an indication( the tail
shall be included. The indication may be from any source in the weld(
such as porosity( sla0 or tun0sten.
b= !li0ned 'ndications B ! sequence of four or more rounded indications
shall be considered to be ali0ned when they touch a line parallel to
the len0th of the weld drawn throu0h the centre of the two outer
rounded indications.
c= Thic;ness ItH B ItH is the thic;ness of weld( of the pressure retainin0 material(
or of the thinner of the sections bein0 7oined( whichever is less. 'f a full
penetrant weld includes a fillet weld( the thic;ness of the fillet weld throat
shall be included in ItH.
A2.2 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA 3
a= 'ma0e )ensity B )ensity within the ima0e of the indication may vary and is not a
criteria for acceptance or re7ection.
b= Relevant 'ndications B .nly those rounded indications which exceed the followin0
dimensions shall be considered relevant.
1> 1,t for t less than 1>6 in.
1>?9 in. for t 1>6 in. to S in.( inclusive.
1>* in. for t 0reater than S in. to in.( inclusive.
1>1? in. for t 0reater than in.
c= "aximum Si+e of Rounded 'ndications B The maximum permissible si+e of any
indication shall be 1>9t( or 8>* in.( whichever is smaller( except for an isolated
indication separated from an ad7acent indication by 1 in. or more may be 1>*t( or
1>9t in.( whichever is less. /or t 0reater than in. the maximum permissible si+e
of an isolated indication shall be increased to *>6 in. Table 1 may be referred for examples.
PAGE NO. : 16 OF 27

REV.
d= !li0ned Rounded 'ndications B !li0ned rounded 'ndications are acceptable when the
summation of the diameters of the indications is less than t in a len0th of 1t. Refer
/i0.. The len0th of 0roups of ali0ned rounded indications and the spacin0 between
The 0roups shall meet the requirements of /i0.*.
e= Spacin0 B The distance between ad7acent rounded indications is not a factor in
determinin0 acceptance or re7ection( except as required for isolated indications
or 0roups of ali0ned indications.
f= Rounded 'ndication &harts B The rounded indications as determined from the
radio0raphic film shall not exceed that shown in the charts. The charts in /i0. 9
to /i0.4 illustrate various types of assorted( randomly dispersed and clustered
rounded indications for different weld thic;ness 0reater than 1>6 inch. These
charts represent the maximum acceptance concentration limits for rounded
indications. The represent the maximum acceptance concentration limits for
rounded indications. The charts for each thic;ness ran0e represent full1scale
? in. radio0raph( and shall not be enlar0ed or reduced. The distributions shown
!re not necessarily the patterns that may appear on the radio0raph but are
Typical of the concentration and si+e of indications permitted.
0= Celd Thic;ness t less than 1>6 in. B /or t less than 1>6 in. the maximum number
of rounded indications shall not exceed 1 in a ? in. len0th of weld. ! proportionately
fewer number of indications shall be permitted in welds less than ? in. in len0th.
h= &luster 'ndicationsB The illusions for clustered indications show up to four times
as many indications in local area( as that shown in the illustrations for random
indications. The len0th of an acceptable cluster shall not exceed the lesser of
1 in. or t. Chere more than one cluster is present( the sum of the len0ths of the
&lusters shall not exceed 1 in. in a ? in. len0th weld.
PAGE NO. : 17 OF 27

REV.

ANNEXURE . II
TA9LE . 1
MAXIMUM PERMISSI9LE SIBES OF ROUNDED INDICATIONS
<EN!"PLES .2LD=
Thic;ness t( in.
"aximum si+e of !cceptable rounded
'ndication in.
"aximum Si+e of
2onrelevant
'ndication( in.
Random 'solated
Less than 1>6 1>9 t 1>* t 1>1, t
17= 0.031 0.042 0.015
3716 0.047 0.063 0.015
174 0.063 0.0=3 0.015
5716 0.07= 0.104 0.031
37= 0.091 0.125 0.031
7716 0.109 0.146 0.031
172 0.125 0.16= 0.031
9716 0.142 0.1== 0.031
57= 0.156 0.210 0.031
11716 0.156 0.230 0.031
374 t$ 2 #n3'. 0.156 0.250 0.031
O0e 2 0.156 0.375 0.063
PAGE NO. : 26 O) 27

REV.
".0 RECORD OF REVISIONS 3
1
,6.,?.41 "SE 1.,( 6.8( 1. $ !nnexure F '' F "inor chan0es.
Throu0hout F IPenetrameterH chan0ed to I'K'H
2
18.,?.4 "SE 1., $ !nnexure F IN1rayH deleted.
.,( *.,( ?., $ 5., F Revised.
9., F IReinforcementH deleted.
8.,( 6.,( 4.,( 1,.,( 11., $ 1., F "inor chan0es.
Thou0hout F Para0raphs reco0ni+ed.
!nnexure F Rounded indication charts added.
3
,6.,.4 "SE *., F ISub1contractorHs written practiceH deleted.
8., F "inor editorial chan0es. &onsideration of
IreinforcementH added.
?., $ 6., F "inor editorial chan0es.
4
,8.,1.4? "SE 8.* c= F !dded for dis1similar material>weld.
8.9 a= ii= F Revised for consistency with 8.* c=
8.9 a= iii= F Revised for more detailed requirements.
8.8 i= F !dded Isensitivity and IdensityH limitation
Requirements.
8.8 d= F 'K' requirement elaborated.
5.1 F !dded new brands of films
5
1.,9.4? "SE 6.*. i= F !dded Iradio0raphicH for the ima0es of
Location mar;ers.
6
,1.,*.44 S%R 1.1 F I"inor chan0es for clarity.
8.9 a= ii= F "inor chan0es for clarity.
11.1 a= F !cceptance standard modified to
'nclude criteria of root concavity.
!nnexure1'' !. a= F Editorial chan0es.
PAGE NO. : 27 O) 27

REV.

7
,1.,1.,,1 S%R 1., F N1ray radio0raphy added( by mer0in0
Procedure no RT 119.
8.8 F )ensity ran0e for N1ray radio0raphy added
#y mer0in0 procedure RT119.
?.6 F N1ray radio0raphy exposure time selection
&riteria added by mer0in0 procedure no RT F 19.
5.*.1( 5.*.* F Source of radiation for N1ray
Radio0raphy added by mer0in0 procedure no RT 119..
6. ii= F Reference to Radio0raphic Examination
Procedure RT1* deleted.
Table F 1 F 'K' )esi0nation 2o. 5, $ 19, added
!nd chan0e in thic;ness $ diameter for 'K'
)esi0antion 2o. 5( 1 $ 15 incorporated( to
&omply with section addenda ,,,.
Table1 F "odified to incorporate Cire FType
Essential Cire 2os( to comply with section v
!ddenda ,,,.
Table1*1 "odified to incorporate Cire 'dentity(
To comply with section v addenda ,,,.
=
,9.1.,* S%R Para 8.8 i= F Revised to incorporate minimum
)ensity limitations for the hole type 'K'.
9
,?.,1.,8 S%R Para 8., F 'K' calibration by the manufacturer
!dded.
Para ?.8 F Cords JS.)@(@./)@ added.
)escription of source si+e revised for clarity.
Para 5.1 F /ilm type )AP.2T > '2)A replaced
#y E.)!E. /ilm type 3!RC!RE deleted.
Para 11.1 F Len0th in Jmm@ added.
Table F 2ominal sin0le wall material thic;ness
Ran0e corrected to one decimal value.
10
,1.,1.,5 S%R Para *., F JKualification of Personnel@ Revised
/or &larity.
Para 8., F J'K' &alibration@ by the Supplier >
"anufacturer revised for clarity.
PROCEDURE FOR PR.&E)ARE 2.. B AT
ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION OF 9UTT 8ELDS RE%'S'.2 B 5
)!TE B ,?.,1.,,8
P!3E 2.. B 1 ./ 1*
RE%.
1.0 SCOPE
This procedure covers technique and acceptance standards to be used for ultrasonic
Examination of butt welds in ferritic wrou0ht and cast materials havin0 thic;ness
Equal to or 0reater than 1,mm and outside diameter 0reater than ?1, mm and is in
&onformance with the requirements of !S"E Section % !rticle 9( Section %''' )iv. 1
!nd Section 1.
2.0 EXAMINATION SURFACE
.1 The examination shall be performed from the outer surfaces.
3.0 SURFACE CONDITION
*.1 The Surface condition shall be equivalent or better than that of reference bloc;.
*. #!SE "ET!L
*..1 The base metal on each side of the weld shall be free of weld Spatters( Surface
'rre0ularities or forei0n matter that mi0ht interfere with examination.
*.* CEL) "ET!L
*.*.1 Chere the weld surface interfere with the examination( the weld shall be prepared
!s needed to permit examination.
4.0 COUPLANT
! suitable couplant such as oil and 0rease mixture havin0 0ood wettability and
Required viscosity shall be used. :owever( the same couplant that is used for
The calibration shall be used durin0 the actual examination.
5.0 TECHNIUE
8.1 !n0le beam contact pulse echo technique shall used for weld and ad7acent
2"%e *et"'. S3"nn#n. %&"'' (e *"n4"'.
8. Strai0ht beam contact pulse echo technique shall be used to scan base
"etal ad7acent to weld throu0h which an0le beam propa0ates. Scannin0 shall be manual.
)!TE B ,?.,1.,,8
P!3E 2.. B ./ 1*
RE%.
!.0 SEARCH UNIT ANGLE
?.1 98( ?, .r 5, de0. Shear waves shall be used dependin0 on the 7oint confi0uration(
Such that beam of ultrasound impin0es on ma7or portion of bevel an0le perpendicularly
!s far as practicable.
".0 FREUENCY OF SEARCH UNIT
5.1 Search units with nominal frequency of .8 ":U shall be used unless variables such
!s production material 0rain structure require the use of other frequencies to assure adequate
Penetrant or better resolution.
#.0 SIBE OF TRANSDUCER
6.1 The transducer of a suitable si+e preferably with 8>6@ to 1@( either rectan0ular or
Square in shape shall be used for an0le beam search unit. The strai0ht beam
Transducer si+e shall be 1@ maximum.
6. Special search units( Ced0es( Shoes or saddles shall not be used.
$.0 EUIPMENT AND PERSONNEL
4.1 The equipment used shall be pulse echo type ultrasonic instrument capable of
3eneratin0 frequencies over the ran0e of atleast 1":U and which meets the
requirements of AT11 procedure. Personnel performin0 Altrasonic Examination
shall be qualified( in accordance with T#C written practice.
4. Personnel performin0 Altrasonic Examination shall be qualified( in accordance
Cith T#C written practice.
'nterpretation of the Altrasonic test indications shall be done by 2)T Level ''
"inimum. 2)T Level ' operator shall not be used for interpretation.
10.1 9ASIC CALI9RATION 9LOCAS
1,.1 #asic calibration bloc;s shown in /i0ure.1 shall be used with direct contact testin0.
)ependin0 on the thic;ness of the material to be tested the proper bloc; shall be
Ased. The bloc; si+e and reflector locations shall be adequate to perform calibrations
/or the beam an0les used.
1,. The bloc; material shall be of the same product from and material specification or
Equivalent P number 0roupin0 as one of the materials bein0 examined.
1,.* /or calibration bloc;s for dissimilar metal welds( the material selection shall be based
.n the material on the side of the weld from which examination will be conducted. 'f
The examination will be conducted from both the sides calibration reflectors shall be
Provided in both materials. Chere two or more base material thic;ness are involved.
)!TE B ,?.,1.,,8
P!3E 2.. B * ./ 1*
RE%.
The calibration bloc; thic;ness shall be determined by the avera0e thic;ness of the
Celd.
1,.* The finish on the surface of the bloc; shall be representative of the surface
/inishes on the test material. The bloc; shown in the /i0.1 shall be used for
"aterials with diameter 0reater than ?1,mm.
1,.9 The calibration bloc; material shall be completely examined with a strai0ht beam
Search unit. !reas that contain an indication exceedin0 the remainin0 bloc; reflection
Shall be excluded from the beam paths required to reach the various calibration
Reflectors.
10.0 CALI9RATION TECHNIUE FOR EXAMINATION SYSTEM
11.1 The examination system calibration shall include followin0
11.1.1 !n0le #eam &alibration
11.1. #eam 'ndex1 Cith the use of ''C bloc; mar; the beam index on both sides of the
Search unit.
11.1.* #eam !n0le F "easure the beam an0le of refraction on ''C bloc; to confirm the
!n0le of reflection. <tolerance V de0.=
11.1.9 Sweep Ran0e F &alibrate the sweep ran0e with the ''C>% bloc; for the required
Ran0e dependin0 on beam an0le and thic;ness.
11.1.1.9 Position F The followin0 measurements may be made with a ruler( scale or mar;ed
.n a indexin0 strip.
a= Position search unit for maximum response from the T>9 hole from a basic
calibration bloc;. Place one end of the indexin0 strip a0ainst the front of the
search unit and the other end of the indexin0 strip a0ainst the direction of the
beam. "ar; the number on the indexin0 strip at the scribe line which is
directly above the hole. <'f the search unit covers the scribe line( the mar;s
may be made on the side of the search unit=.

b= Position the search unit for the maximum indication from T>( *T>9 and
opposite surface to the *T>9 hole. "ar; the number 1, on the indexin0
strip.
)!TE B ,?.,1.,,8
P!3E 2.. B 9 ./ 1*
RE%.
c= The calibration numbers on the indexin0 strip indicate the position directly
over the reflector in 1?
th
of % path.
d= The depth from the examination surface to the reflector is T at 6( *T>9 at ?(
T> at 9( T>9 at ( , at ,. 'nterpolation is possible for samller increments of
)epth. The measurement may be corrected by the radius of the reflectorHs
Location.
11.1.1.8 )istance !mplitude &orrection<)!&=
The primary reference level shall be established by usin0 calibration bloc;.
Position the search unit for thr maximum response from the hole which 0ives
:i0hest amplitude. !d7ust the amplitude to 6,- V 8- of full screen hei0ht.
"ar; the pea; of the amplitude on the screen. Cith the same 0ain settin0s(
Position search unit for the maximum amplitude from other holes and mar;
The hole indication after the beam has bounced from the opposite surface.
"ar; this pea; on the screen. &onnect all these mar;ed points to draw )!&
Apto 8>6 I%H path. Echo amplitude measurement from the surface notch in
#asic calibration bloc; shall be done by obtainin0 maximum reflection from
.pposite surface notch at half I%H path location.The pea; of maximum indication
Shall be mar;ed on the screen.
11.1.1.? Chen an electronic distance amplitude correction device is used the primary
Reference response shall be equali+ed at a nominal constant screen hei0ht
!t or between 9, to 6,- of full screen hei0ht over the distance ran0e to be
employed in the examination.
11.1. Strai0ht #eam &alibration
11.1..1 SCEEP 2R!23E F Sweep ran0e calibration shall be in the ran0e of 8( 8,(
1,,( 18,( ,, mm etc. dependin0 on the thic;ness of the material. The basic
&alibration bloc; or ''C>% bloc; may be used for sweep ran0e calibration.
11.1.. The sensitivity level shall be established by ad7ustin0 the first bac; wall reflection
/rom the sound areas of the base metal to be tested to 1,,- of full screen hei0ht.
11. &hec;in0 !nd &alibration .f Equipment
11..1 The proper functionin0 of the examination equipment shall be chec;ed and the
Altrasonic examination system calibration as specified above in para 11., shall
#e carried out at the be0innin0 and end of each examination or every examination
Personnel are chan0ed or any malfunctionin0 is suspected or every 9 hours(
Chichever is earlier. 'f durin0 any chec; it is determined that the equipment is
not functionin0 properly all of the product that has been tested since the last
valid equipment calibration shall be re1examined.
)!TE B ,?.,1.,,8
P!3E 2.. B 8 ./ 1*
RE%.
12.0 SCANNING
1.1 The scannin0 of the ad7acent base metal shall be detected reflectors
That mi0ht( affect interpretation of an0le beam results( and is not to
#e used as on acceptance re7ection examination. Location and areas
of such reflectors shall be recorded.
1. !n0le #eam
1..1 Celds shall be examined by directin0 an0le beam in four directions
!s shown in /i0.. The search unit shall be manipulated so that an0le
#eam passes throu0h the entire volume of weld ad7acent than the
primary reference level. The primary reference level shall be established
usin0 basic calibration bloc; and drawin0 )!& upto 8>6 % path as described
in para 11.1.1.8. while scannin0 each pass of the search unit overlap a
minimum of 1,- of the transducer dimension perpendicular to the direction of
scan.
12.2.2 Rotatin0( Revolvin0 or Scannin0 mechanism shall not be used.
1..* The rate of search unit movement for examination shall not exceed ? inch > spec
Anless calibration is verified at scannin0 speed.
13.0 RECORDING
1*.1 !ll reflectors producin0 responses 0reater than 8,- of the primary
Reference level <)!&= shall be recorded manually.
1*. !utomatic alarm and recordin0 equipment shall not be used. computer
Enhanced data acquisition shall not be used for recordin0.
14.0 POST EXAMINATION CLEANING
19.1 Post examination cleanin0 shall be done by wipin0 out couplant with the
&otton waste.
15.0 EVALUATION
18.1 M)*+,- ,C &%D%2; %2-%14*%,2& . /or si+in0 indications ? db drop Technique
.r half amplitude technique shall be used. .btain maximum echo from the
)iscontinuity indication( move the probe across the indication until the
amplitude falls by one half <?db=. !t this point one half the beam is lyin0
on the defect( one half off it. The extreme ed0e of the discontinuity in this
position lie alon0 beam axis( the centre of probe correspond to )iscontinuity.
Repeat the procedure on the other side and mar; the ed0e of the discontinuity
.n the other side. The distance between the points 0ives the total len0th of the
discontinuity.
)!TE B ,?.,1.,,8
P!3E 2.. B ? ./ 1*
RE%.
The operator performin0 the AT examination shall ;now the 0eometry of the
Test ob7ect and weld confi0uration to distin0uish the 0eometric indications
!nd discontinuity indications.
Some metallur0ical and 0eometrical indications may produce indications that
!re not relevant. 'ndications and the operator performin0 the AT examination
Shall ;now the 0eometry of the test ob7ect and weld confi0uration to distin0uish
The 0eometric indications and discontinuity indications. The non relevant
'ndications may be due to
1. Plate se0re0ates in :eat affected +one.
. 'ndications from weld root 0eometry.
*. %ariations in "etallur0ical Structure.
The identity( maximum amplitude( location and extent of reflector causin0 a
3eometric indication shall be recorded. /ollowin0 steps shall be ta;en to
classify an indication as 0eometric
a= 'nterpret the area containin0 the reflector.
b= Plot and verify the reflector co ordinates.
c= Prepare a cross sectional s;etch showin0 the reflector position and surface
discontinuities such as root and counter bore.
d= Review fabrication and weld preparation drawin0s.
18. !ny imperfection which causes an indication in excess of ,- )!& shall be
'nvesti0ated to the extent that the operator can determine shape( si+e( location
!nd identity of all such reflectors and evaluate them in terms of the acceptance
Standards 0iven belowB
i= Chere discontinuities are interpreted to be crac;s( lac; of fusion or incomplete
penetration( they are unacceptable re0ardless of len0th.
ii= .ther 'mperfections are unacceptable if the amplitudes exceed reference
level and imperfection have len0th which exceeds1
1>9@ <? mm= for ItH upto *>9@ <85 mm=.

T>* for <T= upto *>9@ <14mm= to 1>9@ <85 mm= inclusive.

*>9W <14 mm= for ITH over 1>9J <85 mm=
Chere ITH is the thic;ness of the weld excludin0 any allowable
Reinforcement.
/or a butt weld 7oinin0 two members havin0 different thic;ness at the
Celd( then ITH is thinner of these two thic;nesses.
)!TE B ,?.,1.,,8
P!3E 2.. B 5 ./ 1*
RE%.
1!.0 REPORTING
1?.1 ! report of the ultrasonic examination shall contain all parameters of the test
!nd in addition record of repair areas shall be ;ept alon0 with the result of the
Examination. T#C shall also maintain record of all reflections from uncorrected
!reas havin0 responses that exceed 8,- of the reference level( the dimensions(
The depth below the surface and the classification. The Altrasonic Testin0
Request1cum1Report format is Exhibit 1 < pa0es= and the calibration Sheet format
's shown in Exhibit <1 pa0e=.
)!TE B ,?.,1.,,8
P!3E 2.. B 1, ./ 1*
RE%.
EN:'#'T11 <P!3E 1 ./ =
ALTR!S.2'& TEST'231&A"1REP.RT
2.. B

P!RT ' B S:.P REKA'S'T'.2
Plant XXXXXXXXXXXXXX supervisor XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX )ateXXXXXXXXXXXX Time XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

"aterial XXXXXXXXXXXXXX Th;. XXXXXXXXXXXXX mm Len0th>!rea XXXXXXXXXXX 'nsp .!uth. XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
!pplied &ode XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Yob 2o. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
'dentification mar;in0 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX )r0. 2o. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Surface condition XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Exam Sta0e XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Extent B 1,,->Spot
Test for XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Celdin0 Process XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Celder 2o. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Si0n. .f Supervisor
111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
P!RT '' B EN!"'2!T'.2 RESALTS
Procedure 2o.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Rev. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
AT Equipment Type $ serial 2o XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
&able Type and Len0th B XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Search units B
/requency Si+e )e0. Sin0le > )ual /requency Si+e )e0. Sin0le > )ual
<1= XXXXX":+ XXXXXmm XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX <= XXXXXXXXXX":+ XXXXXmm XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
#asic &alibration #loc; 'dentification XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
&ouplant #rand 2ame or Type XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Exam. Surface XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Special equipment XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
&alibration Sheet 'dentity XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Scannin0 Sensitivity XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
%olume examined B 1,,- weld volume > ad7acent parent metal > XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Search unit "anufactureHs serial no XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Result B Record of indications detected <Refer next shaeet=
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Examined by !pproved by &ustomerHs Representative
Si0n XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Si0n XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Si0n XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
2ame XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 2ame XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 2ame XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Level ' > '' Level '' > ''' !0ency XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

)ate $ Time XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX date $ Time XXXXXXXXXXX )ate XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

)!TE B ,?.,1.,,8
P!3E 2.. B 11 ./ 1*
RE%.
EN:'#'T F 1 <P!3E ./ =
RE&.R) ./ '2)'&!T'.2S
ALTR!S.2'& TEST'23 REKAEST F &A" F REP.RT 2.. B )!TE B
Recorded by B !pproved by B

Si0n. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Si0n. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
2ame XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 2ame XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Level XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Level XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

'ndicat1
ion 2o
Probe "ax.
- )!&
Probe
Position
w . r . t .
&entre
Line
.f weld
<mm=
Location
w . r . t .
reference
Point
<mm=
)epth
/rom
.utside
Surface
<mm=
Len0th
"easured
<mm=
&lassificat
1ion
1Z
Z
*Z
9Z
8Z
)!TE B ,?.,1.,,8
P!3E 2.. B 1 ./ 1*
RE%.
EN:'#'T F <P!3E 1 ./ 1=
&!L'#!R!T'.2 S:EET
ALTR!S.2'& TEST'23 REP.RT 2.. B
&!L'#!RT'.2 S:EET ')E2T'TD 2.. B &S >

' <#e0innin0 of Exam. =

'' <End of Exam. =
)ate B
Time B
'nstrument B
Probe <1= <= <*= <1= <= <*=
#eam 'ndex
#eam !n0le
#eam Ran0e
Sweep Ran0e
Reflector :ole
Position of
Reflectors
'ndication
:ei0ht for
1= :ole
= 2otch
)b
)!&

&alibrated by B !pproved by B

Si0n. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Si0n. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
2ame XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 2ame XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Level XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Level XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
)!TE B ,?.,1.,,8
P!3E 2.. B 1* ./ 1*
RE%.
1".0 RECORD OF REVISIONS 3

* ,8.,1.4? "SE Throu0hout revised to elaborate the
Requirements and addition of calibration
Technique of ultrasonic examination system.
9 ,*.,9.4? "SE 9., F Revised to add same couplant for
&alibration and actual examination.
11.1.1.8 F &larified for Jsame 0ain settin0s.@
1?.1 F Exhibits 1 and are added.
8 ,1.,1.,,, "SE /i0. 1 F )imension of #asic &alibration #loc;
&han0ed.
Exhibit F 1 ( editorial chan0es.
? ,1.,1.,,* S%E Para 8.1 F Scannin0 technique added.
Para 6., F &larified for transducer si+e.
Para 4. F Personnel qualification requirement
!dded.
Para 1,.1 F &larified for bloc; si+e and reflector
Locations.
Para 11..1 F System calibration chec;
/requency added.
1*. F &larified for computer enhanced data
!cquisition.
18.1 F "ethod of si+in0 indications added.
Subsequent paras renumbered.
/i0. 1 F )imensions of basic calibration bloc;
&han0ed.
Exhibit 1 F Revised to add addenda , chan0es.
" ,?.,1.,8 S%R
Para 1..1 F Scannin0 sensivity level
&han0ed from double to 19 bd.
/i0 1 F #asic calibration fi0ure added to reflect
Edition ,,9 chan0es.
PROCEDURE FOR PR.&E)ARE 2.. B AT9
STRAIGHT 9EAM ULTRASONIC RE%'S'.2 B
EXAMINATION OF ROLLLED STEEL PLATES )!TE B ?.1.,,
P!3E 2.. B 1 ./ 8
RE%.
1.0 SCOPE
This procedure covers the technique and acceptance standards for strai0ht beam
Altrasonic testin0( with lon0itudinal wave propa0ation in the material( or rolled steel
Plates of thic;ness equal to or 0reater than and of any shape and si+e. This procedure
&overs the requirements of S! 9*8 !2) S! 856 of !S"E section % except supplementary
requirements.
2.0 APPARATUS
.1 The equipment used shall be pulse echo type ultrasonic instrument capable of
3eneratin0 frequencies over the ran0e of 1 ":U to 8 ":U and which meets the
Requirements of AT 1 procedure.
. Probe shall have a frequency of .8 mh+( other frequency can be used provided
#etter results are obtained. Probe may contain either sin0le or dual transducers
Elements of si+e 1, to *, mm.
3.0 PERSONNEL REUIREMENTS
The testin0 operator performin0 the ultrasonic examination prescribed in the procedure
Shall be qualified and certified to 2)T level '' as per T#C written practice.
4.0 SURFACE CONDITION
The plate surface shall be sufficiently clean and smooth to maintain the first reflection
/rom the opposite side of the plate at least 8, percent of full scale durin0 scannin0.
Local rou0h surfaces shall be conditioned by 0rindin0. !ny specified identification
Chich is removed when 0rindin0 to achieve proper surface smoothness shall be
Restored.
5.0 COUPLING
The test shall be performed by direct contact method. ! suitable couplant( such
!s water( soluble 0lue( oil or 0lycerine shall be used.

P!3E 2.. B ./ 8
RE%.
!.0 EXAMINATION PROCEDURE
!.1 STRAIGHT 9EAM EXAMINATION
?.1.1 Perform the inspection in an area free from operations that interfere with proper
Performance of the test.
?.1. Anless otherwise specified( ma;e the ultrasonic examination on either ma7or surface
.f the plate. The scannin0 shall be manual with minimum 1,- overlap.
?.1.* The plate surface shall be sufficiently clean and smooth to maintain a first reflection
/rom the opposite side of the plate at least 8, percent of full scale removal at the
manufacturerHs option. &ondition local rou0h surfaces by 0rindin0. Restore any
specified identification which is removed when 0rindin0 to achieve proper surface
smoothness.
?.1.9 ! nominal test frequency of .8 mh+ is recommended. Chen testin0 plates less
Than *>9@ in. <14., mm= thic; frequency of 8 mh+ may be necessary. Thic;ness(
3rain si+e or microstructure of the material and nature of the equipment or method
"ay require a hi0her or lower test frequency. Ase the transducers at their rated
/requency. ! clean( easily interpreted trace pattern should be produced durin0 the
Examination.
?.1.8 Scannin0 shall be alon0 continuous perpendicular 0rid lines on nominal 4 in. <*,
mm= centres( or at the option of the manufacturer( shall be alon0 continuous parallel
paths( transverse to the ma7or plate axis( on nominal 9 in. <1,, mm= centres( or shall
be alon0 continous parallel paths parallel to the ma7or plate axis on * in.<5? mm= or
similar centres. "easure the lines from the centre or one corner of the plate with an
additional path within in.<81 mm= of all ed0es of the plate on the searchin0 surface.
?.1.? &onduct the 0eneral scannin0 with an instrument that will produce a first reflection
/rom the opposite side of a sound area of the plate from 8, percent to 4, percent
of full scale. "inor sensitivity ad7ustments may be made to accommodate for suface
rou0hness.
?.1.5 Chen a discontinuity condition is observed durin0 0eneral scannin0 ad7ust the instrument
To produce a first reflection from the opposite side of a sound area of the plate of 58 V 8-
.f full scale. "aintain this instrument settin0 durin0 evaluation of the discontinuity condition.

P!3E 2.. B * ./ 8
RE%.
!.1.# RECORDING

i= Record all discontinuities causin0 complete loss of bac; reflection.

ii= /or plates T@ in.<14mm= thic; and over( record all indications with amplitudes
equal to or 0reater than 8, percent loss of bac; reflection.
2.TE B 'ndications occurrin0 midway between the initial pulse and the first bac;
Reflection at the location of first bac; reflection. Chen this condition is
.bserved it shall be investi0ated additionally by use of multiple bac;
Reflections.
iii= Chere 0rid scannin0 is performed and recordable conditions as in ' and ii are directed
alon0 a 0iven 0rid line( the entire surface area of the squares ad7acent to this recordable
conditions as in '= and ii= as detected( the entire surface area of a 4 recordable in. <*,
by *, mm=square centred on this indication shall be scanned. The true boundaries
where these conditions exist shall be established in either method by followin0 techniqueB
move the transducer away from the bac; reflection and discontinuity indications are equal.
"ar; the plate and a point equivalent to the centre of the transducer. Repeat the operation
To establish the boundary.
!.2 STAGE OF EXAMINATION
Altrasonic examination shall be performed after rollin0 to si+e and after heat treatment
Except Post Celd :eat Treatment.
".0 EVALUATION
7.1 M)*+,- ,C &%D%2; %2-%14*%,2& . /or si+in0 indications ? db drop Technique or :alf
!mplitude technique shall be used. .btain maximum echo from the discontinuity
'ndication( move the probe across the indication until the amplitude falls by one half
< ? db =. !t this point one half the beam is lyin0 on the defect. .ne half off it. The
Extreme ed0e of the discontinuity in this position lie alon0 beam axis ( the centre of
Probes correspond to )iscontinuity on the other side. The distance between the point
3ives the total len0th of the discontinuity.

P!3E 2.. B 9 ./ 8
RE%.
#.0 ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS
6.1 !ny areas( where one or more discontinuities produces a continuous total loss of
#ac; reflection accompanied by continous indications on the same plane that cannot
#e encompassed within a circle whose diameter is * in. or R of the plate thic;ness(
Chichever is 0reater is unacceptable.
6. 'n addition( two or more defects smaller than described in 6.1 shall be unacceptable
Anless seprated by a minimum distance equal to the 0reatest diameter of the lar0er
)efect or unless they may be collectively encompassed by the circle described in 6.1.
$.0 REPORT
4.1 Anless otherwise stated the followin0 data shall be reported in addition to and inline
Cith AT exhibit 1.
4. Plate identity includin0 pinpointed discontinuity locations( len0th and ultrasonic
Reflection amplitudes( search unit type( couplant and calibration bloc; used.
4.* Test parameters includin0( type of instrument <ma;e and model=( test frequency(
Reflection amplitudes( search unit type( couplant and calibration bloc; used.
4.9 )ate of test and 2ame( Level $ Si0nature of inspector.

P!3E 2.. B 8 ./ 8
RE%.
$.0 RECORD OF REVISIONS 3

1 ,1.,1.,, S%R 1., Specification number added
Editorial chan0es.
?.1.,,* S%R 1., Revised for clarity to include thic;ness ran0e(
Shape( si+e( mode of wave propa0ation.
.1 Altrasonic instrument requirements added.
*., .perator certification requirement chan0ed
/rom Level ' to Level ''.
?.1. Scannin0 method and overlap requirement
!dded.
?. Para headin0 chan0ed from Jtime of
Examination@ to JSat0e of examination@.
5., Para added to describe the method of
Evaluation.
6.1 AT exhibit 1 added.
PR.&E)ARE 2.. B %T1
RE%'S'.2 B 8
VISUAL EXAMINATION PROCEDURE )!TE B ,1.,1.,,5
(F#$ P#%&$ P'(')* +, (&$ -.1.1) P!3E 2.. B 1 ./ 8
RE%.
1.0 SCOPE 3
1.1 This standard procedure defines the requirements of %isual Examination of Power
Pipin0 "anufactured to # *1.1( when such examination is mandatory by code or
&ontractually required. This standards procedure is based on the requirements of
!rticle 1 and 4( !S"E #oiler and Pressure %essel &ode Section %.
2.0 PROCEDURE FORMAT 3
.1 Standard Procedure B
Para. *., Special illumination( instruments or equipments.
Para. 9., Examination personnel
Para. 8., Time and extent of examination
Para. ?., Test procedure
Para. 5., Procedure demonstration
Para. 6., !cceptance>reflection criteria
Para. 4., Records
2.2 A++en+" )$ S!e3#)#3 C$nt"3t% : A++en+" )$ %!e3#)#3 3$nt"3t%9 #) "n/9 %&"'' 3$nt"#n
T&e )$''$1#n. :
"C A!!'#3"t#$n
(C Re)een3e %!e3#)#3"t#$n%
3C De0#"t#$n% )$* t&#% St"n+"+ P$3e+4e
..0 SPECIAL ILLUMINATION, INSTRUMENTS OR EUIPMENTS 3
*.1 "irrors of various si+es and shapes.
*. Torch li0hts.
*.* "a0nifyin0 0lasses.
*.9 .ther visual aids( as required.
PR.&E)ARE 2.. B %T1
RE%'S'.2 B 8
(F#$ P#%&$ P'(')* +, (&$ -.1.1) P!3E 2.. B ./ 8
RE%.
4.0 EXAMINATION PERSONNEL 3
9.1 %isual examination personnel shall have an annual examination for visual acuity
&onducted and certified by a qualified eye specialist or 2)T Level '''( as outlined
'n the Eye Examination /rom <Exhibit [1=.
9. %isual examination shall be performed by qualified personnel as outlined in T#C
Critten practice T#C12)E1( or to !CS K&1.
9.* !ll visual examiner certification records shall be ;ept on file.
5.0 TIME AND EXTENT OF EXAMINATION 3
8.1 The time and extent of examination shall be as specified on the Shop Route
Sheets>Kuality Plans.> )rawin0s
!.0 TEST PROCEDURE 3
?.1 Examination &hec;list B
?.1.1 !n examination chec;list shall be used to plan visual examinations and to verify that
The required visual observations were performed.
?. %iewin0 visual examination may usually be made when access is sufficient to place
The eye within 9 inches <?1, mm= of the surface to be examined and at an an0le
of not less than *, de0rees to the surface bein0 examined. "innors may be used
to improve the an0le of vision and aids( such as a ma0nifyin0 lens( may be used to
assist examinations.
?.. Remote visual examinations may have to be substituted for direct examination in
some cases. Remote visual examination may be use visual aids such as mirrors( or
other suitable instruments. Such systems shall have a resolution capability at least
equivalent to that obtained by direct visual observation.
?.* Surface Preparation B
?.*.1 The surface shall be free of any forei0n material such as dirt( flux( scale( etc.( which
Could interfere with the examination.
?.*. Suitable method and tools shall be used for obtainin0 satisfactory surface condition.
PR.&E)ARE 2.. B %T1
RE%'S'.2 B 8
(F#$ P#%&$ P'(')* +, (&$ -.1.1) P!3E 2.. B * ./ 8
RE%.
".0 PROCEDURE DEMONSTRATION 3
5.1 To demonstrate that the examination procedure is adequate( a fine line 1>* inch
<,.58 mm= or less in width or some other artificial flaw located on the surface or
Similar surface to that to be examined shall be used. The line or artificial flaw
should be in the least discernible location on the area examined to prove the
Procedure.
#.0 ACCEPTANCEERE:ECTION CRITERIA 3
6.1 /or visual examination of welds( the followin0 acceptance standards shall apply B
<a= .nly indications with any ma7or dimension 0reater than 1>1? inch <1.8 mm=
<b= !ll crac;s are unacceptable.
<c= !ll other relevant indications are to be evaluated in accordance with the
!pplicable contract documents.
6. /or visual examinations other than of the welds described in para. 6.1( see the
!pplicable contract documents.
6.* !ll re7ected indications must be mar;ed on the 7ob surface and corrected accordin0
to the approval procedures and re1examined as per this procedure.
$.0 RECORDS 3
4.1 The visual examiner shall enter the appropriate observations in the respective
&hec;list( after final acceptance.

PR.&E)ARE 2.. B %T1
RE%'S'.2 B 8
(F#$ P#%&$ P'(')* +, (&$ -.1.1) P!3E 2.. B 9 ./ 8
RE%.
10.0 RECORDED OF REVISIONS

RE%.
2..
)!TE &:!23ES
, *1.,6.41 /irst 'ssue.
1. ,*.,9.4? 9. Revised to refer to written practice.
Exhibit [ 1 is revised to ma;e distance vision
requirement as ,>,.
* ,1.,1.,, 9.1 Revised to refer to visual acuity examination and
certification by 2)T Level '''.
9 ,1.,1.,,9 Eye examination form exhibit [ 1 revised to add J
shades of 0ray@
8 ,1.,1.,,5 Title( Para 1.1 F Procedure Title and Scope revised for
&larity.
Para 9. F Personnel Kualified to !CS K& 1 are
!uthori+ed to perform visual Testin0 as per #*1.1.
Exhibit [1 F &ompany name modified.
PR.&E)ARE 2.. B %T1
RE%'S'.2 B 8
(F#$ P#%&$ P'(')* +, (&$ -.1.1) P!3E 2.. B 8 ./ 8
RE%.
EXHI9IT F 1
To B
T+)0=4@ 94'1,1G & 8%(1,@H A D%I%&%,2 ,C T+)0=4@ L%=%*)- 5
&hinchward.
PA2E F 911 ,14.
EYE EXAMINATION REPORT
2ame of Examinee B XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
A. VISION 3
C0%*)0%4 3
15 &orrected or uncorrected distance vision actually in at least one
eye shall equal or exceed ,>,.
R)&/(*& 3
The examinee meets the above criteria.
The examinee does not meet the above criteria.
9. COLOUR VISION 3
C0%*)0%4 3
The examinee is capable of distin0uishin0 and differentiatin0
#etween colours as demonstrated by the 'shihara and shades
.f 0rey as per chart no K! > 2)E > ##" > 3S <!= $ <#=.
R)&/(*& 3
2ormal.
.ther.
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX
Si0nature of Examiner )ate

PR.&E)ARE 2.. B %T *
RE%'S'.2 B ,
VISUAL EXAMINATION PROCEDURE )!TE B ,1.,1.,5
P!3E 2.. B 1 ./ 6
RE%.
1.0 SCOPE 3
1.1 This procedure is to outline the method used for direct visual examination of welds and
!d7acent parent material area.
1. This procedure meets the requirements of !S"E #$P%& Section '( %''' )ivision 1( %
!rticle 4 and #*1.1.
1.* !ll materials and weldments of any shape or si+e shall be examined 1,,- of the
!ccessible areas unless otherwise specified.
2.0 EXAMINATION PERSONNEL3
.1 %isual examination personnel shall have an annual examination for visual acuity
&onducted and certified by a qualif0ied eye specialist or 2)E Level ''' as outlined
'n eye examination form <exhibit [ 1=
. %isual examination shall be performed by qualified personnel. The certification
Requirement are outlined in T#C written practice. T#C12)E11 complyin0 to S2T
1 T& F 1! latest code applicable edition.
.* !ll visual examination records shall be ;ept on file.
3.0 EUIPMENT E INSPECTION AIDS
*.1 Rulers( ma0nifiers( weld 0au0es( calipers( "easurin0 tapes( microscope( mirror etc. can
#e used.
*. Suitable white li0ht source such as incandescent bulb on shop floor or battery operated
Torch which is able to 0ive white li0ht intensity minimum 1,,, Lux at the examination
Surface.
*.* &alibrated white li0ht meter certified by the "anufacturer for accuracy which is able to
"easure white li0ht intensity in the order of 1,,, Lux can be used.
RE%'S'.2 B ,
P!3E 2.. B ./ 6
RE%.
9.1 Surface to be examined and all ad7acent areas within atleast 8, mm( shall be dry and
/ree of all dirt( 0rease( lint( scale( weldin0 flux and spatter( paint( oil and other extraneous
"atter that could interfere with the examination.
9. Surface may be in the as welded( as rolled( as cast or as for0ed condition. :owever
doubt to resolve the actual indication.
5.0 TECHNIUE
8.1 )irect visual examination shall be performed when access is sufficient to place the eye
Cithin 9 inch of the surface to be examined. !nd the an0le of more than *, de0ree to
the surface to be examined. 'f required( mirror shall be used to improve the an0le of
vision and aids such as ma0nifyin0 lens shall assist examination.
!.0 PERFORMANCE DEMONSTRATION3
?.1 Performance demonstration is to be carried out( and documented.
".0 INTERPRETATION AND EVALUATION.
5.1 !ll interpretation and evaluation shall be performed to evaluate surface discontinuities
'n the term of the acceptance standard of referencin0 code>standards section.
#.0 ACCEPTANCE STANDARD.
#.1 ACCEPTANCE STANDARD FOR 8ELDS & COMPONENTS AS PER
ASME SECTION I
6.1.1 The base metal preparation used shall leave the weldin0 0roove with reasonably
Smooth surface and free from deep notches( striations( or irre0ularities. The surfaces
/or weldin0 shall be free from oil( 0rease( or other forei0n materials.
6.1. Chen the pipes( tubes are welded to0ether( the ali0nment shall be such that the inside
Surfaces provide for complete weld penetration. The weld shall meet the reinforcement
Requirement of table 1.
RE%'S'.2 B ,
P!3E 2.. B * ./ 6
RE%.
6.1* /inished lon0itudinal and circumferential butt welds have complete 7oint penetration
To assure that the weld 0rooves are completely filled so that the surfaces of weld
"etal at any point is not below the surface of the ad7oinin0 base weld metal. Celd
"etal may be added as reinforcement on each face of the weld. The thic;ness of
the weld reinforcement on each face shall not exceed the values of table 1.
6.1.9 Celd imperfections such as crac;s( pinholes and incomplete fusion detected are not
!cceptable.
6.1.8 !s welded surfaces are permitted includin0 fillet weld( however the surface of the weld
Shall be sufficiently free from coarse ripples( 0rooves( overlaps( abrupt rid0es( and valleys
to avoid stress raisers. Andercuts shall not exceed ,.6mm or 1,- of the wall thic;ness
whichever is less and shall not encroach on the required section thic;ness.
6.1.? 'n circumferential 7oints of pipes( tube( header complete penetration at root is required(
Root concavity is acceptable( if the 0eometry is not abrupt( the effective thic;ness of
weld shall be equal to or 0reater than the minimum weld thic;ness( as specified in the )rawin0.
$.0 ACCEPTANCE STANDARD FOR 8ELDS & COMPONENTS AS PER 931.1
4.1.1 /ollowin0 indications are not acceptable.
a= &rac;s.
b= Andercut on surface( which is 0rater than 1.,mm deep.
c= Celd reinforcement 0reater than table .
d= Lac; of fusion on surface.
e= in complete penetration when inside surface is readily accessible.
f= !ny other linear indication 0reater than 8.,mm lon0 not mentioned in a.b(c and d.
0= Surface porosity with rounded indications seprated by .,mm or less ed0e to ed0e in any
directions rounded indications are indications which are circular or elliptical with their
len0th less than three times their width.

RE%'S'.2 B ,
P!3E 2.. B 9 ./ 6
RE%.
T4'() 1

2ominal Thic;ness
'nch <mm=
"aximum reinforcement
'nch<mm=
&ircumferential 7oints
'n pipe and tubin0.
.ther welds
Ap to 1>16<*= *>* <.8= *>* <.8=
.ver *>1? <8= to R <1*=( 'ncl. 1>6 <*.,= *>* <.8=
.ver R <1*= to 1 <8=( 'ncl. 8>* <9.,= *>* <.8=
.ver 1 <8= to <8,=( 'ncl. 1>9<?.,= 1>6 <*.,=
.ver <8,= to * <58=( 'ncl. The 0reater of S in.
<?mm= or 1>6 times
The width of the weld
'n inches<mm=
8>* <9.,=
.ver * <58= to 9 <1,,=( 'ncl. 5>* <8.8=
.ver 9 <1,,= to 8 <18=( 'ncl. R <?.,=
.ver 8 <18= 8>1? <6=
T4'() 2

Thic;ness of base
"etal
'nch<mm=
"aximum thic;ness of reinforcement for desi0n
Temperature.
Z58,L/
<9,,L&=
*8,L/158,L/1
<158L&19,,L&=
\*8,L/
<158L&=
#n3& ** #n3& ** #n3& M*
Ap to 1>6 <*.,=( incl. 1>1? 2.0 3732 2.5 3716 5.0
Ap to 1>6 to *>1? <*.,
To 8.,= incl.
1716 2.0 17= 3.0 3716 5.0
.ver *>1? to R <8.,
To 1*.,= incl.
1716 2.0 5732 4.0 3716 5.0
.ver R to 1 <1*., to
8.,= incl.
3732 2.5 3716 5.0 3716 5.0
.ver 1 to <8., to
8,.,= incl.
17= 3.0 174 6.0 D =.0
.ver <8,.,= 8>* 9., The 0reater of S in.<?mm= or 1>6 times the
width of the weld in inches <millimeters=
RE%'S'.2 B ,
P!3E 2.. B 8 ./ 6
RE%.
2otes to table
a= /or double welded butt 7oints( this limitation on reinforcement 0iven above shall apply
separately to both inside and outside surfaces of the 7oints.
b= /or sin0le welded butt 7oint( the reinforcement limit 0iven above shall apply to the outside
surface of the 7oint only.
c= The thic;ness of the weld reinforcement shall be based on the thinner of the material
bein0 7oined.
d= The weld reinforcement thic;ness shall be determined from the hi0her of the abuttin0
surfaces involved.
e= Celd reinforcement may be removed if so desired.
RE%'S'.2 B ,
P!3E 2.. B ? ./ 6
RE%.
VISUAL EXAMINATION REPORT
Report 2o 1 )ate F
#oller 2o 1 drawin0 2o F
&omponent 1 Si+e F
"aterial Specification 1 Celdin0 Process F
Celder 'dentification 1 Part 2o F
Procedure 2o 1 Celder 'd F

SR.2. )'S&.2)'2A'TD .#SER%!T'.2 RE"!RE
1 &rac;
Ander flux>under fill
* Ander cut
9 Lac; of side wall fusion on surface
8 &rater( concavity( cavities<with
sharp ed0es $ causin0 reduction in
parent material thic;ness
? Surface porosity
5 %alley
6 Surface porosity
4 .verlap
1, Celd lump>Spatter
11 &opper>tun0sten deposit
1 Scrabs>Silvers<with sharp ed0es >
rid0es=
1* !rc stri;es
19 #urn throu0h
18 Lamination
1? Rolled in<"ill= scale >)irt
15 Poc; "ar;s
16 "ismatch >offset>hi0h1low
14 Root penetration
, !ny other linear indication other
than above
1 Reinforcement
Tested #y !pproved #y
RE%'S'.2 B ,
P!3E 2.. B 5 ./ 6
RE%.
EXHI9IT F 1
To B
T+)0=4@ 94'1,1G & 8%(1,@HA D%I%&%,2 ,C T+)0=4@ L%=%*)-5
&hinchward(
PA2E F 911,14.
EYE EXAMINATION REPORT
2ame of Examinee B
A. VISION 3
C0%*)0%4 3
15 &orrected or uncorrected distance vision acuity in at least
.ne eye shall equal or exceed ,>,.
25 &orrected or uncorrected near vision acuity in at least one
Eye shall be equal to or better than 7ae0er [ 1 at 1? inches.
R)&/(*& 3
The examinee meets the above criteria.
The examinee does not meet the above criteria.
9. COLOUR VISION 3
C0%*)0%4 3
The examinee is capable of distin0uishin0 and differentiatin0
#etween colours as demonstrated by the 'shihara and shades
.f 0rey as per chart no K!>2)E>##">3S <!= $ <#=.
R)&/(*& 3
2ominal.
.ther.

Si0nature of Examiner )ate

RE%'S'.2 B ,
P!3E 2.. B 6 ./ 6
RE%.
10.0 RECORD OF REVISIONS 3

, ,1.,1.,5 S%R /irst 'ssue

Procedure For Liquid Penetrant Examination

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Procedure For Liquid Penetrant Examination

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PROCEDURE FOR PROCEDURE NO.

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