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SCR SINGLE PHASE CONVERTER

FIRING CIRCUITS
RC, UJT & IC TCA785 PHASE
CONTROLLER TRIGGERING

INSTRUCTION MANUAL














UJT FIRING CIRCUIT
470K
1K 200E
0.1F 10 F
1:1
UJT
2N2646
100E
150E
220E
330E 560E
1K
470E
VARY
PULSE WIDTH
PULSE
TRANSFORMER
ON
MAINS
0-5V DC
0-30V DC
+
-
+
-
DC POWER
SUPPLY
AC SUPPLY
18 0 18
RECTIFIED DC
+
-
30V
F 1
+30V
(RECTIFIED)
OR
(V.D.C)
+30V
RECTIFIED
RL
SCR
TYN 604
+
-
+
-
mA
mA
V
TYN
604
A
K
G
0-5V 0-30V
VGK
VAK
IA
IG
R1
R2
1K
100R
TYN
604
A
K
G
F 0.1F 1
1N 4007
+30V
RECTIFIED
RL VO
RL
DC MOTOR
12V
+
-
INDUCTIVE LOAD RESISTIVE LOAD
A
K
IN VOLTS
10uF
C4
104
C3
2.2uF
C5
473
C6
150P
VR2
10K
R14
2.2K
CONTROL
VOLTAGE
R9
R9
100K
PULSE
TRANSFORMER
1:1
PULSE
TRANSFORMER
1:1 +
D9
D10
R6
4.7K
2.2K
D1 D2
BA159
SCR1
SCR2
L
O
A
D
R8
220
R7
220
+
D4 D5
1N 4007
D3 1N 4007
R1
220K
INPUT
AC SIGNAL
RS
+
+15V
IC TCA785 TRIGGERING CIRCUIT (SINGLE PHASE CONVERTER)
+
SCR FIRING TECHNIQUE CIRCUITS (SCR TRAINER)
CONNECTION DAIGRAM ON THE TRAINER R TRIGGERING


SCR RC
TRIGGERING






AIM: To study UJT
oscillator triggering of SCR
THEORY:
UJT symbol


Fig.1 is a representation of UJT when it is held in hand with the connecting leads facing the viewer. The terminals E,
B B are marked in the fig 1. The distance between B1 and B2 is high compared to others.

FIGURE 1


FIGURE 2

UJT TRIGGER CIRCUITS




THEORY:
A Unijunction Transistor (UJT) is an electronic semiconductor device that has only one junction. The UJT
Unijunction Transistor (UJT) has three terminals an emitter (E) and two bases (B
1
and B
2
). The base is formed by
lightly doped n-type bar of silicon. Two ohmic contacts B
1
and B
2
are attached at its ends. The emitter is of p-type
and it is heavily doped. The resistance between B
1
and B
2
, when the emitter is open-circuit is called inter-base
resistance. The original uni-junction transistor, or UJT, is a simple device that is
Essentially a bar of N type semiconductor material into which P type material has been diffused somewhere along
its length. The 2N2646 is the most commonly used version of the UJT.
The UJT is biased with a positive voltage between the two bases. This causes a potential drop along the length of
the device. When the emitter voltage is driven approximately one diode voltage above the voltage at the point
where the P diffusion (emitter) is, current will begin to flow from the emitter into the base region. Because the
base region is very lightly doped, the additional current (actually charges in the base region) causes (conductivity
modulation) which reduces the resistance of the portion of the base between the emitter junction and the B
2

terminal. This reduction in resistance means that the emitter junction is more forward biased, and so even more
current is injected. Overall, the effect is a negative resistance at the emitter terminal.

This is what makes the UJT useful, especially in simple oscillator circuits. When the emitter voltage reaches V
P
, the
current starts to increase and the emitter voltage starts to decrease. This is represented by negative slope of the
characteristics which is referred to as the negative resistance region, beyond the valley point ,R
B1
reaches
minimum value and this region, VEB proportional to IE.

Waveforms at the output of UJT triggering circuit.
The UJT relaxation oscillator output wave forms are as shown in the figure .
















Circuit Daigram UJT triggering:

In a UJT oscillator circuit, the variable voltage source V
E
(fig above) is made up of a
Capacitor(C) which is charged by an external source through a resistance(R). Fig- gives the UJT oscillator circuit, in
which the capacitance is charged by the
Voltage source V
S
through the variable resistance R. Till it reaches the required
Value, I remains zero. The UJT is an open circuit for C
E
. When V
C
reaches the
Required value, the UJT suddenly becomes conducting, R
B1
becomes zero and R
1

Gets directly across C. C discharges quickly through R
1
(R
1
has a small value) and
V
C
decreases to small value. Now the UJT again becomes open, and C starts getting charged again by V
S
through R.
Typical waveforms of V
C
(t) and V
O
(t) are shown in fig-


Followed by the output of UJT (sharp pulses) are connected to the gate of SCR with or without pulse transformer.
Pulse transformer is used to provide gate isolation to the SCR and UJT. Also it is used to provide the gate current
of SCR. Output taken across the series load resistor. Input is given from full wave rectifier or bridge rectifier.

Circuit diagram UJT triggering of SCR.



Procedure:

1. Make the connection as per the circuit diagram. Make sure that the connections are made all way right
before switching on the power to the instrument.
2. Connect the CRO across the load resistor. Select the load resistance at the 500 .
3. Connect the output to the voltmeter.
4. Vary the potentiometer R to adjust the duration of the pulses.
5. Observe the sharp pulses across the gate of the scr. The pulse width of the gate pulses can be controlled
by the C1, C2,and C3. Or varying the potentiometer.
6. The capacitor charging pulses will be available at the emitter of the UJT.
7. Check the output pulses at the Anode of the SCR.


Connection diagram:

UJT FIRING CIRCUIT
470K
1K 200E
0.1F 10 F
1:1
UJT
2N2646
100E
150E
220E
330E
560E
1K
470E
VARY
PULSE WIDTH
PULSE
TRANSFORMER
ON
MAINS
0-5V DC
0-30V DC
+
-
+
-
DC POWER
SUPPLY
AC SUPPLY
18 0 18
RECTIFIED DC
+
-
30V
F 1
+30V
(RECTIFIED)
OR
(V.D.C)
+30V
RECTIFIED
RL
SCR
TYN 604
+
-
+
-
mA
mA
V
TYN
604
A
K
G
0-5V
0-30V
VGK
VAK
IA
IG
R1
R2
1K
100R
TYN
604
A
K
G
F 0.1F 1
1N 4007
+30V
RECTIFIED
RL VO
RL
DC MOTOR
12V
+
-
INDUCTIVE LOAD
RESISTIVE LOAD
A
K
IN VOLTS
10uF
C4
104
C3
2.2uF
C5
473
C6
150P
VR2
10K
R14
2.2K
CONTROL
VOLTAGE
R9
R9
100K
PULSE
TRANSFORMER
1:1
PULSE
TRANSFORMER
1:1 +
D9
D10
R6
4.7K
2.2K
D1 D2
BA159
SCR1
SCR2
L
O
A
D
R8
220
R7
220
+
D4
D5
1N 4007
D3 1N 4007
R1
220K
INPUT
AC SIGNAL
RS
+
+15V
IC TCA785 TRIGGERING CIRCUIT (SINGLE PHASE CONVERTER)
+
SCR FIRING TECHNIQUE CIRCUITS (SCR TRAINER)
TO CRO



Practical Waveforms:


TCA 785 BASED TRIGGERING OF SINGLE PHASE CONVERTER

Functional Description
The synchronization signal is obtained via a high-ohmic resistance from the line voltage
(voltage V5). A zero voltage detector evaluates the zero passages and transfers them to the
synchronization register.
This synchronization register controls a ramp generator, the capacitor C10 of which is charged by a
constant current (determined by R9). If the ramp voltage V10 exceeds the control voltageV11 (triggering
angle ), a signal is processed to the logic. Dependent on the magnitude of the control voltage V11, the
triggering angle can be shifted within a phase angle of 0 to 180.For every half wave, a positive pulse
of approx. 30 s duration appears at the outputs Q 1 and Q 2. The pulse duration can be prolonged up to
180 via a capacitor C12. If pin 12 is connected to ground, pulses with a duration between and 180 will
result.
Outputs and supply the inverse signals of Q 1 and Q 2.A signal of +180 which can be used for
controlling an external logic,is available at pin 3.A signal which corresponds to the NOR link of Q 1 and Q
2 is available at output Q Z (pin 7).
The inhibit input can be used to disable outputs Q1, Q2 and , .
Pin 13 can be used to extend the outputs and to full pulse length (180 ).
WAVEFORMS



PROCEDURE
Make connection as per connection diagram
Single phase converter is shown above in diagram
Ac input is applied internally
Switch on the power
Observe the various waveform across the pin number of IC 10, 11, 12, 14, 15.
You will observe the waveform at anode points of the controlled circuit where you can observe the waves can be
controlled by phase angles.
UJT FIRING CIRCUIT
470K
1K 200E
0.1F 10 F
1:1
UJT
2N2646
100E
150E
220E
330E 560E
1K
470E
VARY
PULSE WIDTH
PULSE
TRANSFORMER
ON
MAINS
0-5V DC
0-30V DC
+
-
+
-
DC POWER
SUPPLY
AC SUPPLY
18 0 18
RECTIFIED DC
+
-
30V
F 1
+30V
(RECTIFIED)
OR
(V.D.C)
+30V
RECTIFIED
RL
SCR
TYN 604
+
-
+
-
mA
mA
V
TYN
604
A
K
G
0-5V
0-30V
VGK
VAK
IA
IG
R1
R2
1K
100R
TYN
604
A
K
G
F 0.1F 1
1N 4007
+30V
RECTIFIED
RL VO
RL
DC MOTOR
12V
+
-
INDUCTIVE LOAD RESISTIVE LOAD
A
K
IN VOLTS
10uF
C4
104
C3
2.2uF
C5
473
C6
150P
VR2
10K
R14
2.2K
CONTROL
VOLTAGE
R9
R9
100K
PULSE
TRANSFORMER
1:1
PULSE
TRANSFORMER
1:1 +
D9
D10
R6
4.7K
2.2K
D1 D2
BA159
SCR1
SCR2
L
O
A
D
R8
220
R7
220
+
D4 D5
1N 4007
D3 1N 4007
R1
220K
INPUT
AC SIGNAL
RS
+
+15V
IC TCA785 TRIGGERING CIRCUIT (SINGLE PHASE CONVERTER)
+
SCR FIRING TECHNIQUE CIRCUITS (SCR TRAINER)
SEE WAVEFORM
ON CRO
SEE WAVEFORM ON CRO

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