GI.OSSARY.

1251
numerous and special that' the student is at once referred to- the work by Mr. E. C.
Kobiiis, on Technical Schools and College Buildings,
1887.
CoLONELLi.
(It.) The Italian name for the posts employed in any truss framing.
Colonnade. (It. Colonnata.)
A range of columns. If the columns are four in number,
it is called tctrastyle
;
if six in number, hcxasfylc
;
when there are eight, octasiyle
;
when
ten, dccastyle; and so on, according to the Gretk numerals. Wlien a colonnade is iii
front of a building it is called a portico, when surrounding a building a jieristylc, and
when double or more polysfyle. The colonnade is moreover designated according to
the nature of the intercolumniations introduced as follows: fycnostylc, when the space
between the columns is one diameter and a half of tlie column
;
systylc, when it is of
two diameters;
eustyle, when of two diameters and a quarter; diastyle, when three; and
arceostyle when four.
Columbarium.
(Liit.) A pigeon-house. The plural of the word (columbaria) was
applied to designate the apertures formed in walls for the reception of cinerary urns
in the
ancient Roman cemeteries.
CoLUJiELL.E.
A name sometimes used for balusters.
CoLUMEN.
The ridge pieiie of a roof.
Column.
(Lat. Columna.) Generally any body which supports another in a vertical direc-
tiun. See Pier, PiLLAE, and Sha_ft. There are various species o{ columr)s,iis twisted,
spiral, and rustickcd. Cabled or rudentcd columns are such as have their fiutings filled
.with cables or astragals to about one- third of the height. Camliiic columns have their
shafts foliated. Columns were occasionally u^ed as monuments. The lollo^viug list
comprises the best known ones ; the heights in feet are to the top of the abacus
:

Pompey, Alexandria . . 08 feut

Alexander, St. Petersbui-g
, 121
Napoleon, Boulrgno . , 141
York, London . , . 95
,,
Antonine, Eome . . .136 feet
Trajan, Rome . . . . 115
,,
JMonument, London . . . 174
,,
Napoleon, Paris . . . 116
,,
By the side of the Halle au Ble at Paris there is a, gnomonic column for showing the
time, erected by Catharine di Medicis.
The Columna Bellica at Rome was near the temple of Janus, and at it the consul
proclaimed war by throwing a javelin towards the enemies' country. The chronological
column was rather historical, bearing an inscription to record an event. The cructfiral
column is one bearing a cross
;
the ftmereal one, an urn
;
the zoophoric, an animal
;
and the itinerary one pointed out the various roads diverging from its site. There was
among the Romans what was called a lacteal column, which stood in the vegetable
market, and contained on its pedestal a receptacle for infants abandoned by their
parents. (Juvenal, Sat. vi.) On the legal column were engraved the laws
;
the boundary
or limitative column marked the boundary of a province
;
the manidnal column was for
the reception of trophies or spoils ; and the rostrcd column, decorated with prows of
ships, was for the purpose of recording a naval engagement. The triumphal column
was erected in commemoration of a triumph, and the sepulchral one was erected on a
tomb. The inilliarlmn aureum, or midiary column of the Romans, was originally a
column of white marble, erected by Augustus in the Forum, near the temple of Saturn.
From it the distances from the city were measured. It is a slnrt column with a Tuscan
capital, having a ball of bronze (formerly gilt) for its finish at top, and is still pre-
served in the Capitol.
CoLUMNiATioN. The employment of columns in a design.
CoMiTiuM. (Lat.) A building which stood in the Roman Forum, wherein assemblies of
the people were held. It occupied the whole space between the Palatine Ilill, the
Capitol, and the Via Sacra.
Commissure. (Lat.) Tiie joint between two stones, or the application of the surface of
one stone to the surface of another.
Common Centring.
Such as is constructed without trusses, but having a tie beam at its
ends. Also that employed in straight vaults.
Common Joist. One in single nakud flooring to which the boards are fixed. Such joistr
are also called boarding
joists, and should not exceed one foot apart.
Common Rafter.
One in a rouf to which the boarding or hithing is attached.
Common Roofing.
That whicii consists of common rafters only, which bridge over the
purlins in a strongly
framed roof.
Comparted. (Fr. Compartir, to divide.) That which is divided into several parts is said
to be comparted.
CoMPARTiTioN.
The
distribution of the ground plot of an edifice into the varii us
passages and
apartments.
Compartment. A
subdivisional part, for ornament, of a larger division. To this alone
is the term
properly
applicable.
Compartment
Ceiling. One divided into panels, which are usually surrounded by
mouldings.
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