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Philippine Foreign Policy (PHILFOR)

2
nd
Term AY 2014-2015
S.C. Madrona, Jr., Ph.D.

Course Description

This course includes literature on foreign policy analysis and Philippine foreign policy. The
course is intended to introduce students to some of the major theoretical explanations of how
states conduct their foreign policies, arranged in terms of the levels of analysis framework
external approaches related to broad international relations theories, governmental-
organizational approach, societal approaches in terms of diversionary theory of war and public
opinion and interest groups, and individual psychological approach to foreign policy. Prior to
discussing Philippine foreign policy, the course will examine how the foreign policy making of
developing states have been discussed in the literature. The course focuses more on the
decision-making instead of foreign policy outputs, examining the various actors involved in the
process, the nature of their interactions and the constraints facing them in the formulation of
foreign policy.

Course Objectives
At the end of this course, the student should be able:

1. To characterize and differentiate periods of Philippine diplomatic history, and to
know what each period has contributed to the development of Philippine foreign
policy.
2. To identify the sources of change and stability in foreign policy formulation and
implementation.
3. To analyze foreign policy prerogatives both in the governmental and
nongovernmental sector and situate them in the foreign policy process

Course Outline
Week 1-6
Topic I Theoretical Framework
A. Levels of Analysis Framework
B. Foreign Policy Analysis
C. External Sources of Foreign Policy
D. Domestic Sources of Foreign Policy

Week 7-14
Topic II The Periods in Philippine Diplomacy
A. Mendicant Foreign Policy (1946-1957)
B. Period of Immobilisme (1957-1965)
C. Period of Innovation (1966-1981)
D. Period of Integration (1981-1991)
E. Period of Consolidation (1992-onwards)


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Course Reading Materials
TOPIC I. Theoretical Framework
A. Levels of Analysis Framework
David Singer, The Levels-of-Analysis Problem in International Relations, World Politics, Vol. 14
(October 1961): 77-92.
Alexander E. Wendt, The Agent-Structure Problem in International Relations Theory, International
Organization, Vol. 41 (Summer 1987): 335-370.
David Baldwin, "Power Analysis and World Politics: New Trends versus Old Tendencies," World Politics, Vol.
31 (January 1979): 161-194.
Kenneth N. Waltz, The Stability of a Bipolar World, Daedalus 93 (Summer 1964): 881-909.

B. Foreign Policy Analysis
1. Definition and Evolution of Foreign Policy Analysis
Rosenau, James, Comparative Foreign Policy: Fad, Fantasy, or Field International Studies Quarterly 12
(September 1968): 296-329.
Garrison, Jean A., ed., Foreign Policy Analysis in 20/20: A Symposium. International Studies Review, 5
(June 2003): 155-202.

2. The Decision-making Approach
Joe D. Hagan, Does Decision-making matter? Systematic Assumptions vs. Historical Reality in
International Relations Theory. International Studies Review, 3 (Summer 2001): 5-46.
Peter Bachrach and Morton S. Baratz, Decisions and Nondecisions: An Analytic Framework. American
Political Science Review. 57 (1963): 632-42.

C. External Sources of FP
1. Neorealism
Rodger A. Payne, Neorealists as Critical Theorists: The Purpose of Foreign Policy Debate, Perspectives
on Politics 5 (Sept 2007): 503-514
Keith L. Shimko, Realism, Neorealism and American Liberalism, The Review of Politics 54 (1992): 281-
301
2. Liberal Institutionalism
Lake, David (1983) International Economic Structures and American Foreign Policy, 1887-1934 World
Politics 35 (1983): 517-543
Benjamin O. Fordham, Power or Plenty? Economic Interests, Security Concerns, and American
Intervention, International Studies Quarterly 52 (2008):737-758
Robert O. Keohane and Lisa L. Martin, The Promise of Institutionalist Theory, International Security
20 (Summer 1995):39-51.
Miyashita, Akitoshi (1999). Gaiatsu and Japans Foreign Aid: Rethinking the Reactive-Proactive Debate.
International Studies Quarterly 43 (December 1999): 695-732.
3. Constructivism
Roxanne Lynn Doty, Foreign Policy as Social Construction: A Post-Positivist Analysis of US Counter-
Insurgency Policy in the Philippines International Studies Quarterly 37 (Sept 1993): 297-320.



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D. Domestic Sources of FP
1.Governmental Approach: Organizational Process Model
Olsen, Johan P., Garbage Cans, New Institutionalism, and the Study of Politics. American Political
Science Review, 95 (March 2001), 191-98.
Brendor, Jonathan, Recycling the Garbage Can: An Assessment of the Research Program American
Political Science Review, 95 (March 2001), 161-190.
2.Societal Approach
Public Opinion and Interest Groups
Risse-Kappen, Thomas (1991) Public Opinion, Domestic Structure, and Foreign Policy in Liberal
Democracies. World Politics 43 (1991): 479-512.
3.Individual Psychology & Decision-Making
Jonathan Mercer, Rationality and Psychology in International Politics, International
Organization, 59 (Winter 2005): 77-106.

TOPIC II. Periods in Philippine Diplomacy

Baviera, Aileen and Yu-Jose, Lydia, eds. Philippine External Relations: A Centennial Vista. Pasay City:
Foreign Service Institute, 1998.

Constantino, Renato, ed. Vintage Recto: memorable speeches and writings. Quezon City: Foundation for
Nationalist Studies, 1986.

Domingo, Benjamin. The Re-Making of the Filipino Foreign Policy. Quezon City: U.P. Asian Center, 1993.

Golay, Frank, ed. The United States and the Philippines. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall,
Inc., 1966.

Macapagal, Diosdado. A Stone for the Edifice: Memoirs of a President. Quezon City: Mac Publishing
House, 1968.

Meyer, Milton Walter. A Diplomatic History of the Philippine Republic. Hawaii: University of Hawaii
Press, 1965.

Romulo, Carlos P. The Philippine Presidents: Memoirs of Carlos P. Romulo with Beth Day Romulo.
Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 1988.

Course Assessment

Short Quizzes: 30%
Class Participation: 15%
Group Activities:
Workshop 10%
Presentation 10%
Essay 35%
Total 100%

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A. READ, TAKE NOTES AND ASK QUESTIONS. This course requires much reading
and the student is expected to have read the required materials when coming to class.
B. SHORT QUIZZES. The quiz is based on the assigned reading materials.
C. There will be NO GRADED RECITATION although the lecturer will take note of those
students who do participate actively and competently in class. Students who participate
in class will be given credits for their efforts. The credits are not based on the frequency
of class participation but on how it helps enhance the quality of class discussion (this is
to be determined by the lecturer). You will be evaluated on the basis of your class
presentations as well as your overall participation in discussions. To be meaningful, class
participation should be informed and coherent.
D. GROUP ACTIVITIES. The class shall be divided into FIVE (5) groups for the
workshop/presentation and research paper.
E. ESSAY. Groups shall submit a theoretically informed essay on the assigned period in
Philippine diplomatic history. The essay must not be less than 4,999 words nor more
than 9,999 words [Garamond Font Size 11, double-spaced, 8 x 11] not counting cover
page, table of contents, tables, bibliography and appendices. Use either Harvard or
Chicago style of citation. The essays are due on December 1, 2014, Monday.

Classroom Policies

1. Students must submit a 3x5 index card with their names, courses, contact
numbers, 1x1 ID color or BW picture by the second-class meeting.
2. A student is considered absent from class if s/he is not present within the first
third fraction (30 minutes) of the scheduled class time. The students should be
responsible for keeping tracks of their absences. Students render themselves
ineligible for a passing grade if they are absent from class for more than five (5)
times.
3. As a courtesy of the entire class, smoking and eating inside the classroom shall be
strictly prohibited. All electronic devices must be either deactivated or at least
silent.
Consultation Hours
If you wish to consult with me on matters relating to the course, please set an appointment with
me.
E-mail: lasallemadrona@gmail.com