EEL 3112L

Lab Number 5: Ac Analysis

Feb. 19, 2013

Supervising Professor:
Teaching Assistant:

Abstract
Three RLC circuits were built using a breadboard and circuit components. The first
circuit was an RLC series circuit that had a frequency that was less than the resonance
frequency (<
0
); the second was an RLC series circuit that had a frequency that was equal to
the resonance frequency (
0
); and the last circuit was an RC ladder circuit. Each type of
circuit was built on a bread board using circuit components such as wires, resistors, inductors,
and capacitors. The multimeter (for component measurement verification) and the oscilloscope
were used to obtain measurement values. Time shift of the voltage in the circuit components
were measured. Resistors were expected to have no time shift; capacitors were expected to
have a negative time shift, and inductors were expected to have a positive time shift. These
expectations were supported by the data. However, all results were not successful.
Introduction
The purpose of this lab was for the student to: learn about the conversion between
instantaneous sinusoidal signals and their phasor representations; learn the characterization of
resistors, capacitors, and inductors in the frequency domain based on the notion of impedance;
to determine the response of a linear circuit to sinusoidal sources using phasors; to measure
the time shift and hence the phase angle offset between the input and output voltages in an AC
circuit; and to verify KVL in the frequency domain. The following new concepts were explained
in this lab:
Sinusoidal Voltage or Current Signals-In the steady state, a voltage or current signal
(waveform) s(t) in an AC circuit is described by the instantaneous form: ()
( ) [( ) ( )] [

]
Time shift:

Root-Mean-Square (RMS) Value:

() , the integral is over the interval

(0,T)
AC Analysis Techniques:
o Replace all sinusoidal sources by their phasor representations.
o All the passive circuit elements should be characterized by their impedances with
their terminal voltages and currents replaced by the phasor representations.
o Once a linear AC circuit is converted to the phasor-impedance form, all the DC
circuit analysis techniques are applicable.

Experimental Procedure





Results
From the pre-lab assignment,
0
=628.32 radians per second

Part A

V
in
1.04 V
V
c
84 mV
t
c
-2400 s
V
L
32 mV
t
L
400 s
V
R
1.00 V
t
r
0 s

Part B
V
in
1.00 V
V
c
28 mV
t
c
-640 s
V
L
36 mV
t
L
320 s
V
R
1.00 V
t
r
0 s

Part C
V
in
960 mV
V
01
960 mV
t
1
80 s
V
02
920 mV
t
2
240 s
V
03
920 mV
t
3
240 s


Discussion
The results of the time shifts in all parts of the experiment had the expected signs;
capacitors had a positive time shift, inductors had a negative time shift, and resistors had no
time shift. However all voltage measurements obtained except for V
in
were incorrect due to the
incorrect connection of the oscilloscope to the components. Due to this accident, no further
discussion on the results can be made. It is now noted how to measure properly.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the time shifts in circuit components were verified. KVL was not verified
due to the measurement mistake. For future experiments, the student will verify the proper
placement of measuring tools.