SIDDHIRGANJ 2120 MW PEAKING SIDDHIRGANJ 2120 MW PEAKING SIDDHIRGANJ 2120 MW PEAKING SIDDHIRGANJ 2120 MW PEAKING

POWER PLANT POWER PLANT POWER PLANT POWER PLANT

"A Study of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking
Power Plant of EGCB"

Page | II

"A Study of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant
of EGCB"

ELECTRICITY GENERATION COMPANY OF BANGLADESH ELECTRICITY GENERATION COMPANY OF BANGLADESH ELECTRICITY GENERATION COMPANY OF BANGLADESH ELECTRICITY GENERATION COMPANY OF BANGLADESH




Submitted To Submitted To Submitted To Submitted To
Engr. Md. Abul Bashar
Course Coordinator
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology


Submitted Submitted Submitted Submitted By By By By
Faujul Kabir
ID # 10105132
Program: BSEEE


Date of Submission Date of Submission Date of Submission Date of Submission : 10
th
August, 2014






IUBAT IUBAT IUBAT IUBAT INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF BUSINESS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF BUSINESS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF BUSINESS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF BUSINESS
AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY

Page | III

10
th
August, 2014



Engr. Md. Abul Bashar
Faculty and Course Coordinator
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
IUBAT- International University of Business Agriculture and Technology
4, Embankment Drive Road, Uttara Model Town, Sector 10, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh.


Subject: Submission of practicum report.


Dear Sir

With due respect, I like to submit this report as partial fulfillment of the BSEEE program, the
topic named "A study of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant of EGCB". It was
superlative opportunity for me to work on this topic to actualize my theoretical knowledge in the
practical area and to have an enormous experience in power plant operation, maintenance and
protection. Now I am looking forward for your kind assessment regarding this report.

I would be very kind of you, if you please have a look on this report and evaluate my
performance regarding this report.




Yours Sincerely



_________________
Faujul Kabir
ID # 10105132
Program: BSEEE


Page | IV

Letter of Transmittal

10
th
August, 2014

Engr. Md. Abul Bashar
Faculty and Course Coordinator
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
IUBAT- International University of Business Agriculture and Technology
4, Embankment Drive Road, Uttara Model Town, Sector 10, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh.


Subject: Letter of Transmittal.

Dear Sir

With due respect, I want to draw your kind attention that I am a student of Bachelor of Science in
Electrical and Electronic Engineering (BSEEE). For completion of my graduation I have done
my practicum in Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant and have prepared this report
titled as "A study of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant of EGCB".

I tried my level best to make the report ingenious by integrating the most complete information
available and also by implementing my competency and learning. I hope this report will serve its
best and the readers will come to know the operation of visual basic that may motivate them to
work with this program. If any unwilling mistake has been found or anything need to be include
or any clarification is needed please feel free to contact me.



Yours Sincerely


_______________
Faujul Kabir
ID # 10105132
Program: BSEEE


Page | V


Training Certificate Training Certificate Training Certificate Training Certificate







































Page | VI

Student Declaration Student Declaration Student Declaration Student Declaration



I hereby declare that I have uniquely prepared this report which is entitled as "A study of
Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant of EGCB" after completion of two months
practical work in Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant, a power plant of Electricity
Generation Company of Bangladesh.

I also confirm that the report is only prepared to fulfill the academic requirement and not for any
other purpose. It will not be used with the interest of any other competitor.















____________________
Faujul Kabir
ID # 10105132
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
IUBAT - International University of Business Agriculture and Technology







Page | VII

Acknowledgement Acknowledgement Acknowledgement Acknowledgement

All praise is to the Supreme Being; creator and ruler of the universe, Almighty Allah, whose
mercy keeps us alive and to pursue my education in Electrical and Electronics Engineering and
to complete the Practicum Report. Also gratefulness to my parents by whose inspiration Im
going to complete my graduation.

This Practicum Report which is entitled as "A study of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking
Power Plant of EGCB" in Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant is the concrete
effort of a number of people. In the process of conducting this report, I would like to express my
gratitude and respect to some generous persons for their immense help and enormous
cooperation.

First of all I would like to pay appreciation to Honorable Vice Chancellor Prof. Dr. M.
Alimullah Miyan for giving me chance to prepare my research about this splendid topic.

I am very much grateful to my respected Course Coordinator Engr. Abul Bashar for his
painstaking guidance and constant inspiration to do this report. I would like to thank my
respected faculty Dr. Md. Azizul Huq for his guidance.

After that I would like to express my special gratitude to Engr. Md. Saiful Islam, Executive
Engineer (Electrical) and Engr. Md. Aminul Haque Khan, Executive Engineer (Technical). I
am very much grateful to my respected supervisor Engr. Abu Sayeed, Sub Divisional Engr.
(Electrical), Engr. Md. Golum Mortuza Khan, Deputy Manager (Technical), Engr.
Nandhipan Das, Sub Divisional Engr. (I&C) and Foreman Mr. Jibon for their diligent struggle
for my practical experience and encourage me to do this work.

Finally I also feel it is important to acknowledge and thanks to my classmates, friends especially
to those who appreciate me to do this internship program in a power plant.


Author


_______________
Faujul Kabir
ID # 10105132
Program: BSEEE

Page | VIII

Executive Summery Executive Summery Executive Summery Executive Summery

This project paper provides a summary assessment of "A study of Siddhirganj 2120 MW
Peaking Power Plant of EGCB".

In this report I have tried to focus on Gas Booster Compressor, Gas Turbine, Generator, Sub-
station equipments, Switchgear & Protective Relays of 2120 MW gas turbine power plant in
Siddhirganj. That means I have showed the overall power generating process of Siddhirganj
2120 MW Peaking Power Plant.

The main raw material of a gas turbine generator is natural gas. Natural gas goes through the gas
turbine and works as a prime mover. The prime movers mechanical energy then goes through
the alternator and its output is electrical energy. The power plant supply power to the national
grid. Two generators provide 240 MW power in which each of rated voltage 11KV. After
generation, The Voltage is stepped up to 132 KV using a power transformer because the national
grid voltage is 132 KV.

Auxiliary transformers are used for internal supply. There is also one diesel generator to supply
power when the plant blacks out. All the switchgear and protection devices are placed in safe
area. The plant has the modern control system with Mark VI and it is controlled by experienced
manpower. The power plant also has Central Control Room (CCR), Mechanical & Electrical
Workshop and Instrumentation and Control (I&C) department. All the equipments of this power
plant are functionalized by latest technology as well as each set up of instruments are well set by
proper methods. If any faults occur, operation team informs the maintenance team for solving it
and maintenance team helps them as quickly as possible.

During the period of my internship, I have learnt function of Gas Booster Compressor, Gas
Turbine, Generator, Sub-station, Controlling System of all machinery, how power is being
distributed to the national grid as well as various types of electrical equipment such as, AC
motor, DC motor, Relay, magnetic contactor, sensor etc.

This report will satisfy the thirst of knowledge about how electricity produced that means the
source of power, electrical machines and apparatus used in this plant for generating power. My
effort will be successful if this report makes the analyzer understand the process how power is
generated.

Page | IX

Table of Content
Preparatory Part
Topics Page No.
Title Fly I
Title Page II
Submission of practicum report III
Letter of Transmittal IV
Training Certificate V
Student Declaration VI
Acknowledgement VII
Executive Summary VIII
Table of Content IX
List of Figures XV
List of Tables XVIII


CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION
Topics Page No.
1.1 Origin of the Report 1
1.2 Objectives 1
1.2.1 Broad Objectives 1
1.2.2 Specific Objectives 1
1.3 Scope 1
1.4 Background 1
1.5 Methodology 2
1.6 Limitations 2






Page | X


CHAPTER 02 ORGANIZATIONAL OVERVIEW

Topics Page No.

2.1 Background of EGCB Ltd 3
2.2 Board of Directors of EGCB Ltd. 3
2.3 Contact Address of EGCB Ltd. 3
2.4 Vision of EGCB Ltd. 4
2.5 Mission of EGCB Ltd. 4
2.6 Quality Policy 4
2.7 Core Value 4
2.8 Objectives 4
2.9 Strategies 5
2.10 Completed Project 5
2.11 Upcoming Project 5

CHAPTER 03 PLANT OVERVIEW
Topics Page No.

3.1 Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant Project 6
3.2 Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant 7
3.3 Land Lease Agreement 7
3.4 Power Purchase Agreement 7
3.5 Model of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant 8
3.6 Single line diagram of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant 9
3.7 Organogram of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant 10
CHAPTER 04 GAS TURBINE
Topics Page No.
4.1 General Details 11
4.2 Gas Turbine details in Siddhirganj 2120 MW Power Plant 11
Page | XI

4.3 Gas Turbine Functional Description 12
4.4 Gas Turbine Construction Features 13
4.3.1 Compressor 13
4.3.2 Combustion 16
4.3.3 Turbine 20
4.5 Exhaust Frame and Diffuser 26
CHAPTER 05 GAS TURBINE GENERATOR
Topics Page No.
5.1 Generator 28
5.2 Generator Types 28
5.2.1 Rotating-armature Generators 28
5.2.2 Rotating-field Generators 29
5.3 Polyphase Generators 30
5.4 Generator Details of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant 31
5.5 Different parts of Generator 33
5.5.1 Stator 33
5.5.2 Rotor 34
5.5.3 Bearings 36
5.5.4 Coupling 36
5.6 Excitation System 36
5.6.1 Rectifier Wheels 36
5.6.2 Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) 37
5.6.3 Main Exciter 38
5.6.4 Pilot Exciter 38
5.7 Functional Description of Excitation System 38
5.8 Exciter Details of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant 39
5.9 Generator Protections 40
5.9.1 Over Current Protection 40
5.9.2 Over Voltage Protection 40
5.9.3 Frequency Protection 40
5.9.4 Frequency Relay 40
Page | XII

5.9.5 Rotor Earth Fault Protection 41
5.9.6 Under Excitation (Loss of field) Protection 41

CHAPTER 06 SUBSTATION AND SWITCHGEAR
Topics Page No.
6.1 Substation 42
6.1.1 Substation Arrangement of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Power Plant 43
6.1.2 Substation Layout of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Power Plant 43
6.2 Elements of a Substation 44
6.3 Power Transformer 45
6.4 Mid Voltage Unit Auxiliary Transformer 46
6.5 Auxiliary Transformer 47
6.6 Instrument Transformer 48
6.6.1 Current Transformer 48
6.6.2 Potential Transformer 49
6.7 Transformer Protection 50
6.7.1 Differential Protection 50
6.7.2 Protective Relay 50
6.7.3 Over-current Relay 50
6.7.4 Distance Relay 50
6.7.5 Buchholz Relay 51
6.8 Lightning Arrester 52
6.9 Isolator 52
6.10 Switchgear 54
6.11 Circuit breaker 54
6.12 Circuit Breaker Used in Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant 55
6.12.1 Molded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB) 55
6.12.2 Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) 55
6.12.3 Air Break circuit breaker 56
6.12.4 Vacuum circuit breaker 57
6.12.5 SF
6
Circuit Breaker 58
6.13 Protective Relay 59
Page | XIII

6.13.1 Over Current Relay 60
6.13.2 Distance Relay 60
6.13.3 Frequency Relay 61
6.13.4 Trip Relay 61
6.14 Fire Safety Measures 62

CHAPTER 07 OPERATION
Topics Page No.
7.1 Gas Booster Compressor 63
7.1.1 Induction Motor 63
7.1.2 Gear Box 63
7.1.3 Centrifugal Compressor 63
7.1.4 Specification of Gas Booster Compressor 64
7.1.5 Schematic Diagram of Gas Booster Compressor 65
7.2 Plant Air and Instrument Air 67
7.3 Water Treatment Plant 67
7.4 Lubricating Oil Pumps 67
7.4.1 Main Lube Pump 67
7.4.2 Auxiliary Lube Oil Pump 67
7.4.3 Emergency Lube Oil Pump 68
7.4.4 Mist Eliminator 68
7.5 Start Up Sequence 69
7.6 Shut Down Sequence 72
7.7 Schematic Diagram of Overall Control System Used in Siddhirganj 2X120 MW
Peaking Power Plant 75
7.8 SPEEDTRONIC MARK-VI Control System 81
7.8.1 Common Terminology used in Gas Turbine Logics 81
7.9 Daily Log Sheet of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant 82
7.10 Daily Generation Report of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power
Plant 83
7.11 Palnt Thermal Efficiency& Other Data of Siddhirganj 2120 MW
Peaking Power Plant 89

Page | XIV

CHAPTER 08 CONCLUSION

Topics Page No.
8.1 My Achievements 91
8.2 Problems Faced 91
8.3 Recommendations 91

Supplementary Part
Topics Page No.
Appendix 92
Acronyms 95
Work Cited 97


















Page | XV

List of Figures
Topics Page No.

Figure 3.1: Opening Ceremony of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant 6
Figure 3.2: Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant 7
Figure 3.3: Model of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant 8
Figure 3.4: Single line diagram of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant 9
Figure 3.5: Organogram of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant 10
Figure 4.1: Idealized Brayton cycle 11
Figure 4.2: Air extracted from compressor between the sixteenth and seventeenth stage
wheels 13
Figure 4.3: 17th stage Compressor Rotor 14
Figure 4.4: Compressor Stator Casing 15
Figure 4.5: Compressor stator and Compressor Stator Blades 16
Figure 4.6: Combustion Chamber looking DOWNSTREAM 17
Figure 4.7: Combustion Liner and Transition Piece 18
Figure 4.8: Crossfire Tubes 19
Figure 4.9: 3 stages Turbine Unit 21
Figure 4.10: Turbine 1
st
Stage Bucket 22
Figure 4.11: Turbine Stator 23
Figure 4.12: Turbine 1
st
stage nozzle 24
Figure 4.13: Internal view of Turbine 26
Figure 4.14: Exhaust Frame 27
Figure 5.1: Rotating-armature Generator 28
Figure 5.2: Rotating-field Generator 29
Figure 5.3: Simplified Three-Phase AC Generator 30
Figure 5.4: Three-Phase AC Generator 31
Figure 5.5: Generator Compartment of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant 32
Figure 5.6: A Stator 33
Figure 5.7: Stator Winding 34
Figure 5.8: A Fully Completed Rotor 35
Figure 5.9: Rectifier Wheel 37
Page | XVI

Figure 5.10: AVR of Siddhirganj 2120 MW PPP 37
Figure 5.11: Block diagram of Brushless Exciter 38
Figure 6.1: Substation switchyard in Siddhirganj Power Plant 42
Figure 6.2: Single Line Diagram of Siddhirgonj 2 120 MW Peaking Power Plant 43
Figure 6.3: Power transformer at Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant 45
Figure 6.4: Mid Voltage Unit Auxiliary Transformer of Siddhirganj 2120 MW
Power Plant 47
Figure 6.5: Auxiliary Transformer of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Power Plant 48
Figure 6.6: Current transformer 49
Figure 6.7: Potential Transformer 49
Figure 6.8: Buchholz Relay 51
Figure 6.9: Lightning Arrester 52
Figure 6.10: Isolator 53
Figure 6.11: Me at switchyard of Siddhirganj 2120 PPP of EGCB 53
Figure 6.12: Switchgear Panel at Siddhirganj 2120 MW Power Plant 54
Figure 6.13: Molded Case Circuit Breaker 55
Figure 6.14: Miniature Circuit Breaker 55
Figure 6.15: Air Break Circuit Breaker 56
Figure 6.16: Vacuum Circuit Breaker 57
Figure 6.17: SF
6
Circuit Breaker 58
Figure 6.18: Relays used in Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant 59
Figure 6.19: Over Current Relay 60
Figure 6.20: Distance Relay 60
Figure 6.21: Frequency Relay 61
Figure 6.22: Trip Relay 61
Figure 6.23: CO
2
cylinders for fire safety at the Siddhirganj 2120 MW PPP of EGCB 62
Figure 7.1: Gas Booster Compressor Cooling Water System 65
Figure 7.2: Gas Booster Compressor Lube Oil System 65
Figure 7.3: Gas Booster Compressor Process Gas System 66
Figure 7.4: Gas Booster Compressor Bearing Temperature, Vibration & Displacement
System 66
Figure 7.5: Mist Eliminator 68
Figure 7.5: Timers & Counters Control System 75
Figure 7.6: Wheelspace Temperature Control System 75
Page | XVII

Figure 7.7: Bearing Temperature Control System 76
Figure 7.8: Vibration Control System 76
Figure 7.9: DLN (Dry Low NOx) Control System 77
Figure 7.10: Flame Control System 77
Figure 7.11: Exhaust Control System 78
Figure 7.12: Synchronization Control System 78
Figure 7.13: IGV (Inlet Guide Vane) Control System 79
Figure 7.14: Startup Control System 79
Figure 7.15: Central Control Room of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant 80
Figure 7.16: Daily Log Sheet 82
























Page | XVIII

List of Tables
Topics Page No.
Table 2.1: Board of Directors of EGCB Ltd. 3
Table 3.1: Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant Project 6
Table 5.1: Generator Details of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant 32
Table 5.2: Main Exciter details of Siddhirganj 2120 PPP 39
Table 5.3: Pilot Exciter details of Siddhirganj 2120 PPP 39
Table 6.1: Elements of a Substation 44
Table 6.2: Specification of Power Transformer 46
Table 6.3: Specification of Mid Voltage Unit Auxiliary Transformer 46
Table 6.4: Specification of Auxiliary Transformer 47














CHAPTER
01
INTRODUCTION


Page | 1

1.1 Origin of the Report
As a partial fulfillment of Bachelor of Science in Electrical & Electronics Engineering
program I have done this practicum report. My report is entitled as "A Study of Siddhirganj
2120 MW Peaking Power Plant of EGCB" in EGCB Ltd. Based on this tow months
duration practical experience I have done this report and I have worked under the instruction
of Engr. Md. Saiful Islam, Executive Engineer (Electrical), Engr. Abu Sayeed, Sub
Divisional Engr. (Electrical), Engr. Md. Golum Mortuza Khan, Deputy Manager
(Technical), Engr. Nandhipan Das, Sub-Divisional Engineer (I&C).

1.2 Objectives
1.2.1 Broad Objectives
The main objectives are to extrovert my theoretical knowledge to the practical field with
adequate conceptualization and understanding the performance of the parameters in case of
Power Generation, Operation, Controlling and Protection of Generator, Gas Turbine,
Transformer and also Switchgear and Protection systems etc.

1.2.2 Specific Objectives

The specific objectives of this report include:

Study on Gas Turbine, Generator, Transformer, Switchyards
Study on Switchgear and Protective Relays
Maintenance of Electrical Machines (LV & MV) and Equipments
Test and check the equipments of substation
Identify different types of problem which arise for operating the plant

1.3 Scope
This report will cover the types of machinery used in Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power
Plant, the operating and controlling of these machines, transformer, switchyards and its
protection systems, what equipment is placed in which zone, how the equipment has been
synthesized etc. The scope will be limited to only this type of power generation, substation &
protection system.

1.4 Background
Power Plant is one of the few important issues in Bangladesh in generating huge foreign
direct investment and also a significant number of employment opportunities. This industry is

Page | 2

one of the major driving forces of national economy and with the continuous development of
technologies worldwide the great demand for electrical energy is a notable feature of the
modern civilization. Most of this energy is needed for lighting, heating, domestic appliance,
industrial electrical machinery. The importance of electric supply in everyday life has
reached such a stage that it is desirable to protect the power system from harm during fault
conditions and to ensure maximum continuity of supply. In the Power sector, Power industry
of Bangladesh promises to bloom further in the coming years. In our country the crisis of
electricity in national grid is a common problem where in industrial sector the electricity is
required for 24 hours in a day. The Power Development Board of Bangladesh always trying
to overcome this problem by supplying uninterrupted power supply.
1.5 Methodology
Both primary and secondary data were collected for the purpose of this report. The report is
concentrated of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant.

Primary Data: Primary Data were collected from the books about power plants, the
User Manual handbooks, Personal interviews with the Engineers, Technicians of the
company, official documents of the company and plant Operation Manuals.

Secondary data: Secondary data has been collected from the online sources.

1.6 Limitations
This report has some limitations as I could not get the soft copy of data from the computers of
company for confidential reasons. I also got very little chance to take photos because some
areas are restricted and sensitive. That is why I could gather some photos only from non-
restricted area of the company. Therefore, it was not possible to present a complete report
like- statistics, financial involvement etc regarding the topic or the opportunity. During the
report, it had to be taken care of that the report does not contain any company confidential
information and harm the organization in their strategic stance. Two months are not enough
time for an authentic study.




CHAPTER
02
ORGANIZATIONAL OVERVIEW


Page | 3

2.1 Background of EGCB Ltd.
On 23rd November 1996 BPDB formed Meghnaghat Power Company (MPC) Ltd. On 16th
February 2004 the Meghnaghat Power Company (MPC) Ltd. has been re-named as
Electricity Generation Company of Bangladesh (EGCB) Ltd. (an Enterprise of BPDB).
Electricity Generation Company of Bangladesh (EGCB) Ltd. (An Enterprise of Bangladesh
Power Development Board) was incorporated with Registrar of joint stock companies on
February 16, 2004 to produce and sale of Electricity. EGCB has a plan to become a leading
electricity generation company across the country. Electricity generation-related business
services are among the fastest growing and key area of the economy, EGCB intends to
capitalize on the opportunity in that area. The company's major share is currently held by
BPDB.
2.2 Board of Directors of EGCB Ltd.
1.
Foiz Ahamed, Addl. Secretary (Admin), Power Division,
MPEMR.
- Chairman
2. Shamima Akhtar, Division Chief (Power), Planning Commission - Director
3. Obaidur Rahman, Director, FBCCI - Director
4.
Shah Mohammad Ashraful Hoque, Advocate, Bangladesh
Supreme Court
- Director
5.
Neelufar Ahmed, Director General (DG-2), Prime Minister's
Office
- Director
6. Syed Mabinul Haque, DG, Monitoring Cell, Finance Division. - Director
7. Md. Abduhu Ruhullah, Chairman, BPDB. - Director
8. Md. Farukuzzaman, Dy-Secretary (Dev.), Power Division. - Director
9. S.M. Monjurul Haque, Memebr, IEB. - Director
10. Jalal Uddin Ahmed Choudhury, Member (Generation), BPDB. - Director
11. Brig Gen. Md. Nazrul Hasan (Retd.), Managing Director, DPDC - Director
12. Md. Mostafa Kamal, Managing Director, EGCB Ltd. - Director

Table 2.1: Board of Directors of EGCB Ltd.

2.3 Contact Address of EGCB Ltd.

Corporate Office Site Office

BTMC Bhaban Siddhirganj, Narayanganj
7-9, Kawran Bazar, Dhaka - 1215 Tel: 02-7694100
Tel: +88-02-9134029, +88-02-9134032 Fax: 02-7694100
Fax: +88-02-9118345
email: egcb_ltd@yahoo.com
info@egcb.com.bd

Page | 4

2.4 Vision of EGCB Ltd.
"Generation of quality electricity for the betterment of the Nation"
2.5 Mission of EGCB Ltd.
"To excel in electricity business by generation efficient, reliable and cost effective electricity
in an environmentally responsible manner to satisfy our customers"
2.6 Quality Policy
"EGCB is engaged in power generation business. To ensure this EGCB will establish, operate
and maintain generation facilities in a cost effective manner. In this process EGCB shall
develop and maintain its human, organizational, technological and material resources to
ensure continued suitability. The policy will be reviewed from time to time for its continual
improvement."
2.7 Core Value
E: Excellence: We will make every effort in the pursuit of achieving business Excellence.
G: Good Governance: We will manage our business honestly, ethically and in a transparent
manner to establish Good Governance and to earn the trust and respect of all our
stakeholders.
C: Commitment: We will always keep our Commitment to our stakeholders, in the process,
we will work together in a spirit of cooperation and trust, taking responsibility and do what is
right.
B: Boldness: We will always inculcate boldness in all our decisions and actions to constantly
improve our performance for meeting the challenges of the future.
L: Leadership: We will exercise Leadership by example, demonstrating that we apply our
respective professional competencies for creating a work environment to achieve our mission.
2.8 Objectives
During project implementation phase:
To ensure timely construction and commissioning of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking
Power Plant.
To ensure timely construction and commissioning of Siddhirganj 450 MW Combined
Cycle Power Plant (Erstwhile 2150 MW peaking power plant).
To ensure timely construction and commissioning of Haripur 360 MW Combined
Cycle Power Plant.


Page | 5

2.9 Strategies
Maintaining suitable organizational system to make it functional to cater to the
present and future need and to develop a well-knit management team.
Ensuring proper staffing with appropriate job description for every position. In the
process to develop human resources continuously.
Designing and implementing appropriate reward and incentive schemes to motivate
employees and ensure their commitment to the organization.
Delegating adequate financial and administrative authority matching with
responsibility to the respective officials/executives at different levels.
Allocating appropriate resources and logistic support depending on the requirement.
Undertaking need-based training programs and human resources development
initiatives for the officers and staff of EGCB.
Introducing modern management approach and an organizational procedures
(operation, maintenance, inventory & procurement, personnel etc.) to be developed,
standardized and implemented for improving organizational effectiveness.
Support of the govt., Donor etc. to be utilized to take up new projects for generation
of electricity.
Becoming cost effective by undertaking different measures for cost reduction and
efficient fund management.
Generate surplus income to invest in growth of the company. In the process to
enhance capacity of the plant by replacing old machines and increase generation
capacity by adding modern machines.
2.10 Completed Project
Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant Project of EGCB Ltd.
Haripur 360 MW Combined Cycle Power Plant Project of EGCB Ltd.
2.11 Upcoming Project
Siddhirganj 335 MW Combined Cycle Power Plant Project of EGCB Ltd.





CHAPTER
03
PLANT OVERVIEW


Page | 6

3.1 Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant Project
The construction of Siddhirganj 2120 MW
Peaking Power Plant Project has been
completed on the bank of the river Shitalakhya
within the Siddhirganj power station premises
funded by Asian Development Bank.

Electricity Generation Company of Bangladesh
Limited signed a contract with Bharat Heavy
Electricals Limited (BHEL) as EPC contractor
for the above project on 31 January, 2007. 1st
Unit was put on test run on 20 November, 2009
and it was inaugurated by the Honorable Prime
Minister on 14 February, 2010. The 2nd Unit
was put on test run on 26 May, 2010. The 2nd
Unit was taken over from the EPC contractor
on October 14, 2010. COD of both units was
effective from February 5, 2012.

Figure 3.1: Opening Ceremony of Siddhirganj
2120 MW Peaking Power Plant


Item Particulars
Contractor Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
(BHEL), India
Site Siddhirganj, Narayanganj
Mode of Financing GOB & ADB
No. of Unit 2 (Two)
Capacity 211.76 MW (2 x 105.88 MW)
Fuel Natural Gas
Contract Signed 31 January, 2007
Contract Effective Date 16 June, 2007
Inaugurated by Honorable Prime Minister
(Unit - 1)
14 February, 2010
Commercial Operation Date 5 February, 2012


Table 3.1: Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant Project

Page | 7

3.2 Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant
















Figure 3.2: Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant

3.3 Land Lease Agreement
Land Lease Agreement was signed between EGCB Ltd. & BPDB on 29 August, 2011 for
4.17 acres of land at Siddhirganj power station area on rental basis for the period of 23 years.
3.4 Power Purchase Agreement
A Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) for 2x120 MW Peaking Power Plant at Siddhirganj was
signed between EGCB Ltd. and BPDB on 29 August, 2011 for the period of 22 years.


Page | 8

3.5 Model of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant


Figure 3.3: Model of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant


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3.6 Single line diagram of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant





















Figure 3.4: Single line diagram of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant




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3.7 Organogram of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant

























Figure 3.5: Organogram of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant
Chief Engineer
Manager (Admin) - 1
Deputy Manager (Admin) - 1
Asstt. Manager (Admin) - 1
Junior AM (Admin) - 1
Sub Divisional Engr. (Tech) - 1

Manager (Accounts) - 1
DM (Accounts) - 1
AM (Accounts) - 1
JAM (Accounts) - 1
Superintending Engr. - 1
(Operation)
Superintending Engr. - 1
(Maintenance)
Office Asstt./Com. Opt. - 1
Security cum Fire
Fighting Supervisor - 1
Executive Engr. (Operation) - 1
Sub Divisional Engr. (General) - 1
Sub Divisional Engr. (Shift) - 1
Sub Divisional Engr. (HSEQ) - 1
Assistant Engr. (Shift) - 12
Sub Assistant Engr. (Shift) - 8
Sub Divisional Engr. (Tech) - 1
Office Asstt./Com. Opt. - 1
Store Keeper - 2
Executive Engr. (Elect. Maint.) - 1
Sub Divisional Engr. (Tech) - 1
Sub Assistant Engr. (Tech) - 2
Executive Engr. (Inst., Measuring,
Control and DCS) - 1
Sub Divisional Engr. - 1
Assistant Engr. - 2
Sub Assistant Engr. (Tech) - 2
Executive Engr. (Mech., Civil
Maintenance &Workshop) - 1
Sub Divisional Engr. (Tech) - 1
Assistant Engr. (Tech) - 2
Sub Assistant Engr. (Tech) - 2






CHAPTER
04
GAS TURBINE

4.1 General Details
Gas Turbine is a modern Power generating equipment.
compresses it to sufficiently high
combustion, which takes place by in
combustion products are generated which are expanded in the turbine where Heat energy of
hot combustion products is converted in to mechanical energy of shaft which in turn utilized
for generating power in Generator.

Compression is carried out by Axial Flow compressor
combustion chambers, Expansion of hot combustible gases is carried
Burnt Gases are exhausted to atmosphere or utilized for steam
four processes are carried out in only one Factory
Turbine. Drawing shows the Typical Brayton
Turbine. Gas Turbine operates on
segments namely Compression, Heat addition, Expansion and Exhaust.

Process is explained in following diagram on
Figure
4.2 Gas Turbine details in Siddhirganj
Type
Model
Turbine Type
Turbine Stage
R.P.M
Output
No. of Combustor
Compressor Stage
Exhaust Temperature (C

All Gas Turbines are Frame -9E machines of GE France make and Mark
Power generating equipment. It takes the air from atmosphere
t to sufficiently high pressure, same pressurized air is then utilized for
, which takes place by in combustion chamber by addition of fuel, there by hot
generated which are expanded in the turbine where Heat energy of
converted in to mechanical energy of shaft which in turn utilized
generating power in Generator.
ed out by Axial Flow compressor, Heat addition is done
, Expansion of hot combustible gases is carried out in Turbine and
Burnt Gases are exhausted to atmosphere or utilized for steam generation in GTs. All of these
four processes are carried out in only one Factory assembled Unit which is called Gas
Turbine. Drawing shows the Typical Brayton cycle and also shows the components of Gas
Turbine. Gas Turbine operates on Brayton Cycle. Brayton cycle is having divided in four
Heat addition, Expansion and Exhaust.
Process is explained in following diagram on P-V and T-S curve.

Figure 4.1: Idealized Brayton cycle

.2 Gas Turbine details in Siddhirganj 2120 MW Power Plant
Open Cycle, Single Shaft, Industrial
PG-9171E
Axial Flow
3 (Three)
3000
170000 HP
14 (Fourteen)
17 (Seventeen)
C ) 543
9E machines of GE France make and Mark-VI controlled.

Page | 11
It takes the air from atmosphere
is then utilized for
, there by hot
generated which are expanded in the turbine where Heat energy of
converted in to mechanical energy of shaft which in turn utilized
, Heat addition is done by Fuel in
in Turbine and
generation in GTs. All of these
assembled Unit which is called Gas
shows the components of Gas
Brayton Cycle. Brayton cycle is having divided in four

Cycle, Single Shaft, Industrial
controlled.

Page | 12

PG 9171 E stands for-

PG - Packaged Generator
9 - Frame 9
17 - 17 * 10,000 HP
1 - Single shaft
E - Machine series
4.3 Gas Turbine Functional Description
When the turbine starting system is actuated and the clutch is engaged, ambient air is drawn
through the inlet plenum assembly, filtered, then compressed in the 17th stage, axial flow
compressor. For pulsation protection during start-up, the 11th stage extraction valves are
open and the variable inlet guide vanes are in the closed position.

When the speed relay corresponding to 95 per cent speed actuates, the 11th stage extraction
bleed valves close automatically and the variable inlet guide vane actuator energizes to open
the inlet guide vanes (I.G.V.) to the normal turbine operating position. Compressed air from
the compressor flows into the annular space surrounding the fourteen combustion chambers,
from which it flows into the spaces between the outer combustion casings and the combustion
liners. The fuel nozzles introduce the fuel into each of the fourteen combustion chambers
where it mixes with the combustion air and is ignited by both (or one, which is sufficient) of
the two spark plugs.

At the instant one or both of the two spark plugs equipped combustion chambers is ignited,
the remaining combustion chambers are also ignited by crossfire tubes that connect the
reaction zones of the combustion chambers. After the turbine rotor approximates operating
speed, combustion chamber pressure causes the spark plugs to retract to remove their
electrodes from the hot flame zone. The hot gases from the combustion chambers expand into
the fourteen separate transition pieces attached to the aft end of the combustion chamber
liners and flow towards the three stage turbine section of the machine. Each stage consists of
a row of fixed nozzles followed by a row of rotatable turbine buckets. In each nozzle row, the
kinetic energy of the jet is increased, with an associated pressure drop, and in each following
row of moving buckets, a portion of the kinetic energy of the jet is absorbed as useful work
on the turbine rotor. After passing through the 3rd stage buckets, the exhaust gases are
directed into the exhaust hood and diffuser which contains a series of turning vanes to turn
the gases from the axial direction to a radial direction, thereby minimizing exhaust hood
losses. Then, the gases pass into the exhaust plenum.

The resultant shaft rotation is used to turn the generator rotor, and drive certain accessories.




Page | 13

4.4 Gas Turbine Construction Features
Gas Turbine mainly divided in three sections
Compressor
Combustion system
Turbine

4.4.1 Compressor

Introduction
The axial flow compressor is consisting of compressor rotor and the enclosing casing. The
compressor casing consisting of Inlet Guide Vanes, 17 stages of rotor and stator blades and 2
exit guide vanes. In the compressor, air is compressed in stages by series of alternate rotor
and stator airfoil-shaped blades. The rotor blade supply the force needed to compress the air
in each stage and stator blade guides the air so that it enters the following rotor stage at
proper angle. The compressed air exits through the compressor discharge casing to the
combustion chambers.
Air is extracted from the compressor for turbine cooling, bearing sealing and during start-up
pulsation control.

Compressor Rotor
The compressor rotor is an assembly of 15 individual wheels, 2 stub shafts, through bolts, and
compressor rotor blades. The first stage blades are mounted on the wheel portion of the
forward stub-shaft.
Each wheel and wheel portion of each stub-shaft has slots broached around its periphery:
rotor blades are inserted into these slots and they are in axial position by stacking at each end
of slot. The seventeenth stage wheel has long extension as a flow passage for turbine cooling
air that is extracted from compressor between the sixteenth and seventeenth stage wheels.













Page | 14

Figure 4.2: Air extracted from compressor between the sixteenth and seventeenth stage
wheels
The air is used to cool:
1. 1st and 2nd stage buckets
2. 2nd stage Aft & 3rd stage forward rotor wheel space
3. Also maintains turbine rotor at Compressor Discharge Temperature (355C)
4. 1st stage wheel space is cooled by air passes through high pressure pacing seal at aft
end of compressor rotor

The forward stub shaft is machined to provide the active and inactive thrust faces and journal
for No.1 bearing, as well as the sealing surfaces for the No.1 bearing oil seals and the
compressor low air pressure seal.

Stages 5, 6, 7 & 8 compressor rotor blades are coated with specialized material to avoid
corrosion due to moisture formation at this region


Figure 4.3: 17th stage Compressor Rotor
Compressor Stator
The stator of compressor is mainly consists of Four major sections
Inlet Casing
Forward Compressor Casing
Aft compressor Casing
Compressor discharge casing.



Page | 15


Figure 4.4: Compressor Stator Casing

These sections, in conjunction with the Turbine shell and exhaust frame form the primary
structure of Gas Turbine. They support the rotor at bearing points and constitute the outer
wall of gas path. The casing bore is maintained to close tolerances with respect to rotor blade
tips for maximum efficiency. The stator blade for stage 1 through 4 is mounted by similar
dovetails into ring segments. The ring segments are inserted into circumferential grooves in
casing and are held in place with locking keys. In stages 5 through 17, the stator blades and
exit guide vanes are inserted directly into circumferential grooves in casing. Locking is used
as with the blade ring design.


Page | 16


Figure 4.5: Compressor stator and Compressor Stator Blades

4.4.2 Combustion
Introduction
The combustion system is the reverse flow type which includes 14 combustion chambers
having the components like:
Combustion Liners
Flow sleeves
Transition pieces
Cross fire Tubes
Flame detectors
Fuel Nozzles
Spark plugs

Hot gases generated from burning the fuel in combustion chambers, are used to drive the
Turbine. In reverse flow system high pressure air from compressor discharge is directed
around the transition pieces and into the annular spaces that surrounds each of 14 combustion
liners. Compressor discharge air which surrounds the liner flows radially inward through
small holes in liner wall and impinges against rings that brazed to liner wall. This air then
flows right toward the liner discharge end and forms a film of air that shields the liner wall
from the hot combustion gases. Fuel is supplied to each combustion chamber through a
nozzle that functions to disperse and mix the fuel with proper amount of combustion air.




Page | 17

Combustion chambers
Discharge air from axial flow compressor enters the combustion chambers from the cavity at
the center of the unit. The air flows upstream along the outside of combustion liner towards
liner cap. This air enters the combustion chamber reaction zone through the fuel nozzle swirl
tip and through metering holes in both the cap and liner. The hot combustion gases from the
reaction zone passes through a thermal soaking zone and then in to dilution zone where
additional air is mixed with the combustion gases. Metering holes in dilution zone allow the
correct amount of air to enter and cool the gases to the desired temperature. Along the length
of the combustion liner and in the liner cap are openings whose function is to provide a film
of air for cooling the walls of the liner and cap. The transition pieces direct the hot gases from
the liners to the Turbine nozzle


Figure 4.6: Combustion Chamber looking DOWNSTREAM


Page | 18


Figure 4.7: Combustion Liner and Transition Piece
Spark Plugs
Combustion is initiated by means of the discharge from two high voltages, retractable
electrode spark-plugs installed in adjacent combustion chambers. These spring -injected and
pressure retracted plugs receive their energy from ignition transformers. At the time of firing,
a spark at one or both of these plugs ignites the combustion gases in the chamber, the gases
the remaining chambers are ignited by cross-fire through the tubes that interconnect the
reaction zones of remaining chambers. As rotor speed increases, chambers pressure causes
the spark plugs to retract and the electrodes are removed from the combustion zones.(spark
plug locations at CC: 13 & 14)
Ultraviolet flame detectors
During the starting sequence, it is essential that an indication of the absence of flame to be
transmitted to control system. For this reason, a flame monitoring system is used consisting
of four sensors which are installed on tow adjustment combustion chambers and electronic

Page | 19

amplifier which is mounted in the Turbine control panel. The ultraviolet flame sensor consists
of flame sensor, containing a gas filled detector. The Gas within this flame sensor detector is
sensitive to the presence of ultraviolet radiation which is emitted by a hydrocarbon flame. A
DC voltage, supplied by amplifier, is impressed across the detector terminals. If flame is
present, the ionization of gas in the detector allows conduction in the circuit which activates
the electronics to give an output defining flame. Conversely, the absence of flame will
generate an opposite output defining " No flame ".

The four flame detectors are located in the combustion chamber No 4 , 5 , 10 , 11 out of
total 14 combustion chambers.

Fuel nozzles
Each combustion chamber is equipped with a fuel nozzle that emits a metered amount of fuel
into the combustion liner. Gases fuel is admitted directly into each chamber through metering
holes located at the outer edge of the swirl plate. When liquid fuel is used, it is atomized in
the nozzle swirl chamber by means of high pressure air. The atomized fuel/air mixture is then
sprayed into the combustion zone. Action of the swirl tip imparts a swirl to the combustion
air with the result of more complete combustion and essentially smoke free operation of the
unit.
Crossfire tubes

The 14 combustion chambers are interconnected by means of cross fire tubes. These crossfire
tubes propagate the flame to other combustion chambers.


Figure 4.8: Crossfire Tubes




Page | 20

4.4.3 Turbine
The three stage turbine section is the area in which energy in the form of high energy,
pressurized gas produced by compressor and combustion section is converted in to
mechanical energy.

Rotor
The turbine rotor assembly consists of two wheel shafts: the first, second, and third-stage
turbine wheels with buckets; and two turbine spacers. Concentricity control is achieved with
mating rabbets on the turbine wheels, wheel shafts and spacers. The wheels are held together
with through bolts, Selective positioning of rotor members is performed to minimize balance
corrections.

The forward wheel shaft extends from the first-stage turbine wheel to the aft flange of the
compressor rotor assembly. The journal for the no. 02 bearing is a part of the wheel shaft.

The aft wheel shaft connects from the third-stage turbine wheel to the load coupling. It
includes no 03-bearing journal.

Spacers between the first and second, and between the second and third-stage turbine wheels
determine the axial position of the individual wheels. These spacers carry the diaphragm
sealing bands. The spacer forward face includes radial slots for cooling air passages. The 1-2
spacer also has radial slots for cooling air passages on the aft face.

Turbine rotor must be cooled to maintain reasonable operating temperatures and therefore,
assure a longer turbine service life. The turbine rotor is cooled by means of a positive flow of
relatively cool( relative to hot gas path air) air extracted from the compressor. Air extracted
through the rotor, ahead of the compressor 17th stage, is used for cooling the 1st and 2
nd
stage
buckets and the 2nd stage aft and 3rd stage forward rotor wheel spaces. This air also maintains
the turbine wheels, turbine spacers, and wheel shaft at approximately compressor discharge
temperature to assure low steady state thermal gradients thus ensuring long wheel life.

The first stage forward wheel space is cooled by air that passes through the high pressure
packing seal at the aft end compressor rotor. The 1st stage aft and 2
nd
stage forward wheel
spaces are cooled by compressor discharge air that passes through the stage-1 shrouds and
then radially inward through the stage-2 nozzle vanes. The 3rd aft wheel space cooled by
cooling air that exits from the exhaust frame cooling unit




Page | 21



Figure 4.9: 3 stages Turbine Unit

Buckets
The turbine buckets increase in size from the first stage to the third stage. Because of the
pressure reduction resulting from energy conversion in each stage, an increased annulus area
is required to accommodate the gas flow. The first stage buckets are the first rotating surfaces
encountered by extremely hot gases leaving the first stage nozzle. Each first stage bucket
contains a series of longitudinal air passages for bucket cooling. The holes are shaped and
sized to obtain optimum cooling of airfoil with the minimum of compressor extraction.
Like the first-stage buckets, the second-stage buckets are cooled by span wise air passages
the length for the air-foil. Since the lower temperatures surrounding the bucket shanks do not
require shank cooling, the second-stage cooling holes are fed by a plenum cast into the bucket
shank. Span wise holes provide cooling air to the airfoil at a higher pressure than a design
with shank holes. This increases the cooling effectiveness in the airfoil so airfoil cooling is
accomplished with minimum penalty to the thermodynamic cycle.

The third stage buckets are not internally air cooled; the tips of these buckets, like the second-
stage buckets, are enclosed by a shroud which is a part of the tip seal. The shrouds interlock
from bucket to bucket to provide vibration damping.




Page | 22


Figure 4.10: Turbine 1
st
Stage Bucket

Stator
Turbine shell
The turbine shell controls the axial and radial positions of the shrouds and nozzles. It deter-
mines turbine clearances and the relative positions of the nozzles to the turbine buckets. This
positioning is critical to gas turbine performance.

Hot gases contained by the turbine shell are a source of heat flow into the shell. To control
the shell diameter, it is important that the shell design reduces the heat flow into the shell and
limits its temperature. Heat flow limitations incorporate insulation, cooling, and multi-layered
structures. The external surface of the shell incorporates cooling air passages. Flow through
these passages is generated by an off base cooling fan.

Structurally, the shell forward flange is bolted to flanges at the aft end of the compressor
discharge casing and combustion wrapper. The shell aft flange is bolted to the forward flange
of the exhaust frame. Trunnions cast onto the sides of the shell are used with similar
trunnions on the forward compressor casing to lift the gas turbine when it is separated fromits
base.



Page | 23



Figure 4.11: Turbine Stator

Turbine nozzles
In the turbine section, there are three stages of stationary nozzles which direct the high
velocity flow of the expanded hot combustion gas against the turbine buckets, causing the
rotor to rotate. Because of the high pressure drop across these nozzles, there are seals at both
the inside diameters and the outside diameters to prevent loss of system energy by leakage.
Since these nozzles operate in the hot combustion gas flow, they are subjected to thermal
stresses in addition to gas pressure loadings.

First stage nozzle

The first stage nozzle receives the hot combustion gases from the combustion system via the
transition pieces. The transition pieces are sealed to both the outer and inner sidewalls on the
entrance side of the nozzle, so minimizing leakage of compressor discharge air into the
nozzles. The 18 cast nozzle segments, each with two partitions (or airfoils) are contained by a
horizontally split retaining ring which is center-line supported to the turbine shell on lugs at
the sides and guided by pins at the top and bottom vertical center-lines. This permits radial
growth of the retaining ring, resulting from changes in temperature while the ring remains
centered in the shell.

The aft outer diameter of the retaining ring is loaded against the forward face of the first stage
turbine shroud and acts as the air seal to prevent leakage of compressor discharge air between
the nozzle and shell. On the inner sidewall, the
nozzle inner load rail against the first
discharge casing. The nozzle is prevented from moving forward by four lugs welded to the aft
outside diameter of the retaining ring at
These lugs fit in a groove machined in the turbine shell just forward of the first stage shroud
T-hook. By moving the horizontal joint support block and the bottom centerline guide pine,
the lower half of the nozzle can be rolled out with

Figure
Second stage nozzle

Combustion gas exiting from the first stage buckets is again expanded and
the second stage turbine buckets by the second stage nozzle.

The second stage nozzle is made of
The male hooks on the entrance and exit sides of the sidewall
aft side of the first stage shrouds and on the forward
maintain the nozzle concentric with the turbine
groove fit between nozzle and shrouds
segments are held in a circumferential
the nozzle outer sidewall. The
discharge air.

Third stage nozzle

The third stage nozzle receives the hot gas as it leaves the second stage
velocity by pressure drop and directs this flow against the third

the nozzle and shell. On the inner sidewall, the nozzle is sealed by direct bearing of the
inner load rail against the first-stage nozzle support ring bolted to the compressor
prevented from moving forward by four lugs welded to the aft
retaining ring at 45 degrees from vertical and horizontal centerlines.
a groove machined in the turbine shell just forward of the first stage shroud
By moving the horizontal joint support block and the bottom centerline guide pine,
the lower half of the nozzle can be rolled out with the turbine rotor in place.
Figure 4.12: Turbine 1
st
stage nozzle
Combustion gas exiting from the first stage buckets is again expanded and redirected against
the second stage turbine buckets by the second stage nozzle.
The second stage nozzle is made of 16 cast segments, each with three partitions (or air
The male hooks on the entrance and exit sides of the sidewall fit into female grooves on the
aft side of the first stage shrouds and on the forward side of the second stage shrouds to
maintain the nozzle concentric with the turbine shell and rotor. This close fitting tongue
groove fit between nozzle and shrouds acts as an outside diameter air seal.
segments are held in a circumferential position by radial pins from the shell into axial slots in
second stage nozzle partitions are cooled with compressor
The third stage nozzle receives the hot gas as it leaves the second stage buckets,
velocity by pressure drop and directs this flow against the third stage buckets.

Page | 24
nozzle is sealed by direct bearing of the
nozzle support ring bolted to the compressor
prevented from moving forward by four lugs welded to the aft
ntal centerlines.
a groove machined in the turbine shell just forward of the first stage shroud
By moving the horizontal joint support block and the bottom centerline guide pine,

redirected against
partitions (or air-foils).
fit into female grooves on the
second stage shrouds to
shell and rotor. This close fitting tongue-and-
acts as an outside diameter air seal. The nozzle
radial pins from the shell into axial slots in
second stage nozzle partitions are cooled with compressor
buckets, increases its

Page | 25

The nozzle consists of 16 cast segments, each with four partitions (or airfoils). It is held at the
outer sidewall forward and aft sides in grooves in the turbine shrouds in a manner identical to
that used on the second stage nozzle. The third stage nozzle is circumferentially positioned by
radial pins from the shell.

The turbine shell and the exhaust frame complete the major portion of the Gas Turbine stator
structure. The turbine nozzles , shrouds , No-3 bearing and turbine exhaust diffuser are
internally supported from these components.

The turbine shell controls the axial and radial positions of the shrouds and nozzles.
Resultantly, it controls turbine clearances and relative positions of the nozzles to the turbine
buckets. This positioning is critical to the gas turbine performance.

Hot gases contained by turbine shell are the source of heat flow into the shell.bTo control the
shell diameter , it is important to reduce the heat flow into shell by design and to cool it to
limit it's temperature. Heat flow limitations incorporate insulation , cooling, and multi-
layered structures. The cylindrical portion of shell is cooled by fifth stage air flowing axially
through the shell and out through holes in the aft vertical flange into the exhaust frame. The
air is then used for further cooling of exhaust frame and third stage aft wheel space.

Structurally , the shell forward flange is bolted to the bulk head at the aft end of compressor
discharge casing. The shell aft flange is bolted to the exhaust frame cast onto sides of shell
are used to aid in lifting the gas turbine when it is separated from its base , should this ever by
necessary.

Diaphragms

Attached to the inside diameters of both the second and third stage nozzle segments are the
nozzle diaphragms These diaphragms prevent air leakage past the inner sidewall of the
nozzles and the turbine rotor. The high/low, labyrinth-type seal teeth are machined into the
inside diameter of the diaphragm. They mate with opposing sealing lands on the turbine rotor.
Minimal radial clearance between stationary parts (diaphragm and nozzles) and the moving
rotor are essential for maintaining low inter stage leakage; this results in higher turbine
efficiency.

Shrouds

Unlike the compressor balding, the turbine bucket tips do not run directly against an integral
machined surface of the casing but against annular curved segments called turbine shrouds.

The primary function of the shrouds is to provide a cylindrical surface for minimizing tip
clearance leakage.


Page | 26

The secondary function is to provide a high thermal resistance between the hot gases and the
comparatively cool shell. By accomplishing this function, the shell cooling load is drastically
reduced, the shell diameter is controlled, the shell roundness is maintained, and important
turbine clearances are assured. The shroud segments are maintained in the circumferential
position by radial pins from the shell. Joints between shroud segments are sealed by
interconnecting tongues and grooves.


Figure 4.13: Internal view of Turbine

4.5 Exhaust Frame and Diffuser
The exhaust frame assembly (figure here after) consists of the exhaust frame and the exhaust
diffuser. The exhaust frame is bolted to the aft flange of the turbine shell.

Structurally, the frame consists of an outer cylinder and inner cylinder interconnected by ten
radial struts. On the inner gas path surfaces of the two cylinders are attached the inner and
outer diffusers. The no.3 bearing is supported from the inner cylinder.

The exhaust diffuser, located at the extreme aft end of the gas turbine, bolts to, and is
supported by, the exhaust frame. The exhaust frame is a fabricated assembly consisting of an
inner cylinder and an outer divergent cylinder that flairs at the exit end at a right angle to the

Page | 27

turbine centerline. At the exit end of the diffuser between the two cylinders are five turning
vanes mounted at the bend. Gases exhausted from the third turbine stage enter the diffuser
where velocity is reduced by diffusion and pressure is recovered. At the exit of the diffuser,
turning vanes direct the gases into the exhaust plenum. Exhaust frame radial struts cross the
exhaust gas stream. These struts position the inner cylinder and n0.3 bearing in relation to the
outer casing of the gas turbine. The struts must be maintained at a uniform temperature in
order to control the center position of the rotor in relation to the stator. This temperature
stabilization is accomplished by protecting the struts from exhaust gases with a metal fairing
fabricated into the diffuser and then forcing cooling air into this space around the struts.

Turbine shell cooling air enters the space between the exhaust frame and the diffuser and
flows in two directions. The air flows in one direction into the turbine shell cooling annulus
and also down through the space between the struts and the airfoil fairings surrounding the
struts and subsequently into the load shaft tunnel and turbine third-stage aft wheelspace.


Figure 4.14: Exhaust Frame





CHAPTER
05
GAS TURBINE GENERATOR


Page | 28

5.1 Generator

Electrical generators are devices that convert mechanical energy into electric energy. The
mechanical energy in turn is produced from chemical or nuclear energy in various types of
fuel, or obtained from renewable sources such as wind or falling water. Most alternators use a
rotating magnetic field. In principle, any AC electrical generator can be called an alternator,
Alternators in power stations driven by turbines are called turbo-alternators or primover.AC
generator or Alternators operate at the same fundamental principles of electromagnetic
induction as DC generator. They also consist of an armature winding and magnetic field. But
there is important difference between the two. Whereas in DC generators the armature rotates
and the field system is stationary, the arrangement in armature is just the reverse of it. In their
case standard construction consist of armature winding mounted on a stationary element
called stator and field windings on a rotating element called rotor.
5.2 Generator Types
Rotating-armature generators
Rotating-field Generators
5.2.1 Rotating-armature Generators


Figure 5.1: Rotating-armature Generator

In the rotating armature AC generator as illustrated in Figure 4.1, the stator provides a
stationary electromagnetic field. The rotor, acting as the armature, rotates in the field, cutting
the lines of force and producing the desired output voltage. The output voltage is taken from

Page | 29

the rotor by the slip rings and brushes. One slip ring is attached to each end of the rotating
loop. The brushes make sliding electrical contact with the slip rings. The generator's AC
output voltage can be transferred from the slip rings through the brushes to an external
circuit. Rotating armature AC generators are typically used in applications involving small
amounts of power. With larger amounts of power, a great deal more current flow occurs
through the slip rings and brushes. It is difficult and expensive to build slip rings and brushes
to carry large amounts of current. Therefore, most large AC generators are rotating field
generators.
5.2.2 Rotating-field Generators
Figure 5.2: Rotating-field Generator
The rotating field AC generator as illustrated in Figure 4.2 is by far the most widely used
generator. In this type of generator, direct current from a separate source is passed through
windings on the rotor by means of slip rings and brushes. This maintains a rotating
electromagnetic field of fixed polarity (similar to a rotating bar magnet). The rotating
magnetic field of the rotor extends outward and cuts through the armature windings
embedded in the surrounding stator. As the rotor turns, alternating voltages are induced in the
windings because

magnetic fields of first one polarity and then the other cut through them. Because the output
power is taken from stationary windings, the output may be connected through fixed
terminals. The advantage in this type of construction is that larger amounts of currents can be

Page | 30

handled because there are no sliding contacts and the whole output circuit is continuously
insulated.
5.3 Polyphase Generators
Most electric power is generated and distributed as three-phase rather than single-phase
power for the following reasons:

The cost of transmission is less than for the same voltage and power in a single-phase
system.

A three-phase generator has a 180% greater capacity than a single phase generator of
the same physical size.

Single-phase voltage and power is easily available from a three-phase system by
merely tapping any two of the power leads.

A three-phase AC generator is designed to produce three-phase AC power by building more
coils in the stator around the rotor. The three coils are equally spaced 120 apart around the
inside of the stator. The armature coils are wired so that the generator has three separate
output voltages that differ in phase by 120.

Figure 5.3: Simplified Three-Phase AC Generator


Figure 4.3 illustrates a simplified three-phase, two pole AC generator. Each of the three coils
generates an AC voltage sine wave as illustrated in Figure 4.4 (a) and 4.4 (b). The voltage
wave (phase) B begins one third of the way into the A wave cycle, and the C wave begins
two thirds of the way into the A wave cycle. This relationship is caused by the position of the
coils in the stator. When the voltage in phase A has reached its peak positive value and is

Page | 31

returning to zero, the voltage in phase B has reached its peak negative value and is beginning
to return to zero. The voltage in phase C has passed zero and a negative voltage is being
induced. During a three-phase voltage cycle, the overall voltage induced is never zero.

Figure 5.4: Three-Phase AC Generator
5.4 Generator Details of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant
The power plant includes Gas turbine, generator and the auxiliary equipment needed for power
production. The gas turbine and the generator are mounted on a common base frame,
constituting a generating set. In Siddhirganj 2120 MW power plant there are 2 Power
generating units.






Page | 32

Type TARI 1080-36P
Manufacture BHEL, India
Drive Gas Turbine
Output power 108600KW
Apparent power 135750 KVA
P.f 0.80
R.P.M 3000
Phase 3
Stator Volt. 11000V
Stator Current 7125A
Rotor Volt. 370V
Rotor Current 817A
Cooling CACW
Total Weight 210 Tons
Year 2008

Table 5.1: Generator Details of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant


Figure 5.5: Generator Compartment of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant



Page | 33

5.5 Different parts of Generator
5.5.1 Stator
Stator is a stationary part of a generator which is a tight construction supporting and
enclosing stator winding, core. The generator is driven by a direct coupled by gear box with
gas turbine at the speed of 3000 rpm. The generator is designed for continuous rated output.
Temperature detector or other devices installed or connected within the machine, permits the
winding core and cooling temperature, pressure and purity in machine.

Figure 5.6: A Stator

Stator frame

The stator frame is used for housing armature conductors. It is made of cylindrical section
with two end shields which are gas tight and pressure resistant. The stator frame
accommodates the electrically active parts of stator i.e. the stator core and stator winding.
The fabricated inner cage is inserted in the outer frame after the stator has been constructed
and the winding completed.

Stator core

The stator core is stacked from the insulated electrical sheet steel lamination and mounted in
supporting rings over the insulated dovetail guide bars. In order to minimize eddy current
losses core is made of thin laminations. Each lamination layer is made of individual sections.
The ventilation ducts are imposed so as to distribute the gas accurately over the core and in
particularly to give adequate support to the teeth. The main features of core are:

1. To provide mechanical support.
2. To carry efficiently electric, magnetic flux.
3. To ensure the perfect link between the core and rotor.


Page | 34

Stator winding
The stator winding is the noble part of the generator .It composed of conductors wedged into
the magnetic core. It is the winding that the electrical energy is generated, and it is from the
winding that is energy must be channeled outside.
There are two distinct parts of the winding:

1. The straight part which the magnetic core,
2. The end windings which are outside the core and which serve to connect bars of different
slots together, thereby completing the winding.
Each conductor must be capable of carrying rated current without overheating. The stator
winding consists of two layers made up of individual bars. Windings for the stators are made
of copper strips wound with insulated tape which is impregnated with varnish, dried under
vacuum and hot pressed to form a solid insulation bar. These bars are then placed in the stator
slots and held in with wedges to form the end turns. These end turns are rigidly placed and
packed with blocks of insulation material to withstand heavy pressure. The electrical
connection between top and bottom bars is made by connecting sleeve. Class F insulation
is used.


Figure 5.7: Stator Winding

5.5.2 Rotor
The moving or rotating part of generator is known as rotor. The axial length of shaft of the
rotor is very large as compared to its diameter in case of generators. It is coiled heavily (field
coils) as it has to support large amount of current and voltage. Rotor revolves in most

Page | 35

generators at a speed of 3000 RPM. Field coils are wound over it to make the magnetic poles
and to maintain magnetic strength the winding must carry a very high current.

Figure 5.8: A Fully Completed Rotor

Rotor shaft
Rotor shaft is a single piece. The longitudinal slots are distributed over its circumference. The
rotor consists of electrically active portion and two shaft ends approximately 60 % of rotor
body circumference have longitudinal slots which hold the field winding. Slots pitch is
selected so that the two solid poles are displaced by 180 degree the rotor wedges act as
damper winding within the range of winding slots.
Rotor winding
Rotor winding involves coiling of rotor. Rotor coils are made of pure copper +0.2% silver,
which has high tensile as well as temperature bearing properties. The coil doesnt deform
even at high temperatures as on adding silver the thermal stresses are eliminated. Rotor
winding is also known as field winding which is wound in longitudinal slots in rotor. The
windings consist of several coils inserted into the slots and series connected such that two
coil groups form one pole. Each coil consists of several series connected turns, each of which
consists of two half turns connected by brazing in the end section. The rotor bearing is made
of silver bearing copper ensuring an increased thermal stability. The individual turns of coils
are insulated against each other by interlayer insulation. The slot wedges are made of high
electrical conductivity material and thus act as damper windings. At their ends the slot
wedges are short circuited through the rotor body. When rotor is rotating at high speed, the
centrifugal forces tries to lift the winding out of slots, they are contained by wedges.

Page | 36

5.5.3 Bearings
The generators are provided with pressure lubricated self-aligning type journal bearing to
ensure higher mechanical stability and reduced vibration in operation. The bearings are
provided with suitable temperature element to monitor bearing metal temperature in
operation. The temperature of each bearing monitored with two RTDs embedded in the
bearing sleeve such that the measuring point is located directly below Babbitt. Bearing have
provision for vibration pickup to monitor shaft vibration. To prevent damage to the journal
due to shaft current, bearings and coil piping on either side of the non-drive and bearings are
insulated from the foundation frame.
5.5.4 Coupling
Coupling is made with screws and fitting between the Generator and exciter rotor. The
screws are made out of low alloy steel with high mechanical properties. This coupling
provided torque transmission between the generator and exciter rotor.
5.6 Excitation System
The basic use of exciter system is to produce necessary DC for field windings of generator
system. The brushless exciter mainly consists of
Rectifier wheels
Main exciter
Pilot exciter
Metering and supervisory equipment
5.6.1 Rectifier Wheels
The main components to the rectifier wheel are the silicon diodes which are arranged in the
rectifier wheel in a three phase bridge circuit. One diode each is mounted in each aluminum
alloy heat sink and connected in parallel associated with each diode is a fuse which serves to
switch off the diode if it fails. It supplies DC to the generators field from main exciters AC
output.

Page | 37


Figure 5.9: Rectifier Wheel
5.6.2 Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)
Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) forms a part of the excitation system for a brush-less
generator. The AVR is connected in series to the pilot exciter. The AVR controls the power
fed to the exciter field, and hence the main field, to maintain the machine output voltage
within the specified limits, compensating for load, speed, temperature and power factor of the
generator. The AVR is linked with the main stator windings and the exciter field windings to
provide closed loop control of the output voltage with load regulation of +/- 1.0%.


Figure 5.10: AVR of Siddhirganj 2120 MW PPP

Page | 38

5.6.3 Main Exciter
Three-phase main exciter is a six pole revolving armature unit. Arranged in the stator frame
are the poles with the field and damper winding and a quadrature-axis measuring coil for
measurement of the field current. The rotor consists of stacked laminations which are
compressed by through bolts over compression rings. The three phase winding is inserted in
the slots of the laminated rotor.
5.6.4 Pilot Exciter
The three phase pilot exciter is a six pole revolving field unit with permanent-magnet poles.
The frame accommodates the laminated core with the three phase winding. The rotor has
mounted pole. Each pole is housed in a non magnetic metallic enclosure through which the
cooling air circulates.
5.7 Functional Description of Excitation System
The three-phase pilot exciter has a revolving field with permanent-magnet poles. The three-
phase AC generated by the permanent-magnet pilot exciter is rectified and controlled by the
AVR to provide a variable DC current for exciting the main exciter. The three-phase AC
induced in the rotor of the main exciter is rectified by the rotating rectifier bridge and fed to
the field winding of the generator rotor through the dc lead in the rotor shaft. A common shaft
carries the rectifier wheel, the rotor of the main exciter and the permanent-magnet rotor of the
pilot exciter. The shaft is rigidly coupled to the generator pilot exciter. The generator and
exciter rotors are thus supported on a total of three bearing.

Figure 5.11: Block diagram of Brushless Exciter





Page | 39

5.8 Exciter Details of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant
Main Exciter
Type EAR 54/34-30/6-4
Manufacture BHEL, India
Output 583KW
R.P.M 3000
Phase 3
Volt. 550V
Current 1060A
Insulation Class F
Year 2007
Table 5.2: Main Exciter details of Siddhirganj 2120 PPP

Pilot Exciter
Type EAP 30/12-30/6
Manufacture BHEL, India
Pole 6
R.P.M 3000
Phase 3
Volt. 180V
Current 26A
Year 2007

Table 5.3: Pilot Exciter details of Siddhirganj 2120 PPP






Page | 40

5.9 Generator Protections

The core of an electrical power system is the generator. The conversion of the fundamental
energy into its electrical equivalent requires a prime mover to develop mechanical power as
an intermediate stage. The nature of this machine depends upon the source of energy and in
turn this has some bearing on the design of the generator. Gas is the main fuel in the EGCB
power plant. Some important generator protections used at EGCB are -

Over Current Protection
Over Voltage Protection
Frequency Protection
Frequency Relay
Rotor Earth Fault Protection
Under Excitation (Loss of field) Protection

5.9.1 Over Current Protection

If a short circuit occurs, the circuit impedance is reduced to a low value and therefore a fault
is accompanied by a large current. Over-current relays sense fault currents and also over-load
currents.

5.9.2 Over Voltage Protection

Over-voltage protection serves to protect the electrical machine and connected electrical plant
components from the effects of inadmissible voltage increase. Over voltage can be caused by
incorrect manual operation of the excitation system, faulty operation of the automatic voltage
regulator, (full) load shedding of a generator, separation of the generator from the system etc.

5.9.3 Frequency Protection

The frequency protection function detects abnormally high and low frequencies of the
generator. If the frequency lies outside the admissible range, appropriate actions are initiated,
such as separating the generator from the system. An increase in system frequency occurs
when large load-share is removed from the system and a decrease in system frequency occurs
when the system experiences an increase in real power demand.

5.9.4 Frequency Relay

The frequency of induced electromotive force (EMF) of synchronous generators is
maintained constant by constant speed. A frequency relay works at a predetermined value of
frequency. It may be an over-frequency relay, an under-frequency relay, or a combination of
both. Frequency relays are used in generator protection and for load-frequency control.



Page | 41

5.9.5 Rotor Earth Fault Protection

Rotor earth fault protection is used to detect earth faults in the excitation circuit of
synchronous machines. An earth fault in the rotor winding does not cause immediate damage.
However, if a second earth fault occurs it constitutes a winding short-circuit of the excitation
circuit. The resulting magnetic imbalances can cause extreme mechanical forces which may
destroy the machine.

5.9.6 Under Excitation (Loss of field) Protection

The under excitation protection protects a synchronous machine from asynchronous operation
in the event of faulty excitation or regulation and from local overheating of the rotor.
Furthermore, it avoids endangering network stability by under excitation of large
synchronous machines.






CHAPTER
06
SUBSTATION AND SWITCHGEAR


Page | 42

6.1 Substation
A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system.
Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several
other important functions. Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may
flow through several substations at different voltage levels. A substation that has a step-up
transformer increases the voltage while decreasing the current, while a step-down transformer
decreases the voltage while increasing the current for domestic and commercial distribution.
A substation is a high-voltage electric facility. It is used to switch generators, equipment and
circuits or lines in and out of system.


Figure 6.1: Substation switchyard in Siddhirganj Power Plant
Main specific parts of substation are:
Power and Auxiliary transformers
Local network for Connection point
Bus bars, circuit breakers, disconnections
Measuring point for control center - Potential and current transformers
Fuses, Relays and other protection device



Page | 43

6.1.1 Substation Arrangement of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Power Plant
The substation arrangement of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Power Plant is
1. At Generating Stations: Using power transformer step up voltage to higher level say 11
KV to 132 KV.
2. At load center: Where voltage is getting down 11 KV to 400 Volts using transformer and
this is near to be load center.
6.1.2 Substation Layout of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Power Plant
Substation layout consists essentially in arranging a number of switchgear components in an
ordered pattern governed by their function and rules of spatial separation.














Figure 6.2: Single Line Diagram of Siddhirgonj 2 120 MW Peaking Power Plant


Page | 44

6.2 Elements of a Substation
Substations have one or more transformers, switching and control equipment. In a substation,
circuits breakers are used to interrupt any short-circuit or overload currents that may occur on
the network. Substations do not usually have generators, although a power plant may have a
substation nearby. Other devices such as power factor correction capacitors, synchronizer and
voltage regulators may also be located at a substation. The main equipments of a substation
are shown below:
Equipment Function
Bus-bar

Incoming and outgoing lines are connected to the bus- bars.
Isolator

Disconnect a part of the system for general maintenance and repair
under no load condition for safety.
Earthling Switch

Discharge the over voltage to earth.
Circuit Breaker

Which can automatic open or close a circuit under normal as well
as fault condition.
Lightning Arrestor

To discharge lightning over voltages and switching over voltages to
earth.
Current Transformer

Step down current to know the ratio for control and protection.
Voltage Transformer

Step down voltage to know the ratio for control and protection.
Series Reactors

Reduce the short circuit current or starting current.
Power Transformer
Step up or step down the voltage and transfer power at the same
frequency.
Coupling Capacitor

Provide connection between high voltage line and power line
current carrier equipment.
Series Capacitors

Compensation of series reactance of long lines.
Shunt capacitors

Provide compensation to reactive loads of lagging power factors.
Neutral Grounding
Resistor
Limit the earth current.

Table 6.1: Elements of a Substation

Page | 45

6.3 Power Transformer
Generation of Electrical Power in low voltage level is very much cost effective. Hence
Electrical Power is generated in low voltage level. Theoretically, this low voltage leveled
power can be transmitted to the receiving end. But if the voltage level of a power is
increased, the electric current of the power is reduced which causes reduction in ohmic or I
2
R
losses in the system. Because of these, low leveled power must be stepped up for efficient
electrical power transmission. This is done by step up transformer at the sending side of the
power system network. As this high voltage power may not be distributed to the consumers
directly, this must be stepped down to the desired level at the receiving end with help of step
down transformer. These are the use of electrical power transformer in the Electrical Power
System.


Figure 6.3: Power transformer at Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant
Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant has two 132/11 KV three phase power
Transformer.



Page | 46

The details information of power transformers is given bellow:
Manufacture BHEL, India 2008
Rating 170 MVA
Rated Voltage LV-11 KV, HV-132 KV
Rated Current LV-7138.15 A, HV-594.85A
No. of Phase Three (3- )
Frequency 50 Hz
Tapping 5 (Five) Step, 5%
Type of Cooling ONAN/ONAF/OFAF
Connection Symbol YNd1
Maximum Temp. Rise Oil-50 C, Winding-55
Oil 60800 Liter
Weight of Core and Coil 94800 Kg
Total Weight 205200 kg

Table 6.2: Specification of Power Transformer

6.4 Mid Voltage Unit Auxiliary Transformer
MVUAT or Mid Voltage Unit Auxiliary Transformer is used as a step down transformer here
at Siddhirganj 2120 MW Power Plant. It steps down the voltage to 6.6KV from 11KV for
auxiliary plant equipments that require 6.6KV to operated such as GBC and starting motor. In
Siddhirganj 2120 MW Power Plant There are two MVUAT for two units. The details
information Mid Voltage Unit Auxiliary is given below:
Manufacture BHEL, India 2008
Rating 12.50 MVA
Rated Voltage LV-6.6 KV, HV-11 KV
Rated Current LV-1045.92A, HV-656.08A
No. of Phase Three (3- )
Frequency 50 Hz
Tapping 5 (Five) Step, 5%
Type of Cooling ONAN/ONAF
Connection Symbol Dyn1
Maximum Temp. Rise Oil-50 C, Winding-55
Oil 10600 Liter
Weight of Core and Coil 15000 Kg
Total Weight 35500kg

Table 6.3: Specification of Mid Voltage Unit Auxiliary Transformer

Page | 47


Figure 6.4: Mid Voltage Unit Auxiliary Transformer of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Power Plant
6.5 Auxiliary Transformer
Auxiliary transformer is used to supply low voltage for AC power system inside substation
such as lighting, air conditioners and other AC supply system. The Plant has 4 auxiliary
transformers. The detail information about the transformers is given below:
Manufacture EMCO Ltd, India 2008
Rating 1600 KVA
Rated Voltage LV-440 KV, HV-6.6 KV
Rated Current LV-2200A, HV-140A
No. of Phase Three (3- )
Frequency 50 Hz
Type of Cooling ONAN
Connection Symbol Dyn11
Maximum Temp. Rise Oil-50 C, Winding-55
Oil 920 Liter
Weight of Core and Coil 2070 Kg
Total Weight 4550 Kg

Table 6.4: Specification of Auxiliary Transformer





Page | 48


Figure 6.5: Auxiliary Transformer of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Power Plant

6.6 Instrument Transformer

Instrument transformers are used for accurate and reliable current and voltage measurements
for secondary equipments such as meters, protection relays and other devices measurements
which provide safe and efficient operation of transmission networks. Instrument transformers
include:

Current Transformer (CT)
Potential Transformer (PT)

6.6.1 Current Transformer

A current transformer is used in high voltage circuits where it is not possible to measure
current directly. CT steps down high current to very low current that can be handled easily
and thus can be read. Its secondary is connected to an ammeter of very small capacity
(usually 5 A) but its scale is calibrated according to actual values. A current transformer is
selected according to the ratio of maximum load current and required current. For EGCB
power plant, the CT ratio is 800/1 for 132 KV line current.










Page | 49



Figure 6.6: Current transformer

6.6.2 Potential Transformer

Potential transformers have a large number of primary turns and a small number of secondary
turns and may be either single phase or three phase units. For EGCB the PT ratio is 1200/1
for 132 KV line. This means that the PT converts the 132 KV voltage into 110 V voltage,
measures the voltage with a meter and applies a user programmed multiplier (1200) to this
number (110 V) to calculate the original voltage. The output seen by the user is after the
multiplication.














Figure 6.7: Potential Transformer

Page | 50

6.7 Transformer Protection

In a transformer, fault occurs due to insulation breakdown, aging of insulation, overheating
due to over excitation, oil contamination and leakage or reduced cooling. Hence a reliable,
secure and fast protection system for the transformer is essential to minimize the damage. In
order to get an early warning and to minimize the damage in case of fault, it is necessary to
equip the transformer with monitors and protective relays. Some important transformer
protections used at EGCB are -

Differential Protection
Protective Relay
Over-current Relay
Distance Relay
Buchholz Relay

6.7.1 Differential Protection

The differential relay compares between primary current and secondary current of power
transformer. If there is any unbalance found, the relay will actuate and inter-trip both the
primary and secondary circuit breaker of the transformer.

6.7.2 Protective Relay

The choice of protection depends upon several aspects such as type and rating of the
protected equipment, its importance, location, probable abnormal conditions, cost etc. A fault
is a defect in an electrical circuit due to which the flow of current is diverted from the
intended path. The protective relaying senses the abnormal conditions in a part of the power
system due to a fault and gives an alarm or isolates that part from the healthy system.

6.7.3 Over-current Relay

Over-current relaying is the simplest and cheapest, the most difficult to apply, and the
quickest to need readjustment or even replacement as a system changes. If a short circuit
occurs, the circuit impedance is reduced to a low value, and therefore a fault is accompanied
by large current. Over current relays sense fault currents and also overload currents. It is
generally used for phase and ground-fault protection.

6.7.4 Distance Relay

Distance relays are double actuating quantity relays with one coil energized by current. When
over-current relay does not work properly, distance relay should be considered. During a fault
on a transmission line, the fault current increases and the voltage at fault point reduces. If
fault is nearer the relay, measured voltage is lesser. If fault is further from the relay, measured

Page | 51

voltage is more. Hence assuming constant fault resistance, each value of V/I measured from
relay location corresponds to distance between the relaying point and the fault along the line.
Hence such protection is called distance protection.

6.7.5 Buchholz Relay

In the field of electric power distribution and transmission, a Buchholz relay is a safety
device mounted on some oil-filled power transformers and reactors, equipped with an
external overhead oil reservoir called a "conservator". The Buchholz Relay is used as a
protective device sensitive to the effects of dielectric failure inside the equipment. I saw
Buchholz relay on the top of the 11/132 KV transformer.



Figure 6.8: Buchholz Relay








Page | 52

6.8 Lightning Arrester
A lightning arrester is a device used in electrical power systems to protect the insulation and
conductors of the system from the damaging effects of lightning. The typical lightning
arrester has a high-voltage terminal and a ground terminal. When a lightning surge travels
along the power line to the arrester, the current from the surge is diverted through the arrester,
in most cases to earth. I saw lightning arrester near the 11/132 KV transformer (132 KV
side).


Figure 6.9: Lightning Arrester

6.9 Isolator

Isolator is used to isolate the circuit permanently after a fault. The main difference between
isolator and circuit breaker is that isolator is an off-load device, whereas circuit breaker is an
on-load device. An off-load device is a switch where there is no current passing through it
when it is switched. In an on-load device current passes through when it is switched. There
are three isolators at 132 KV switch yard at EGCB, both of which are motor operated (can be
control from the control room) and manual gear operated.



Page | 53


Figure 6.10: Isolator



Figure 6.11: Me at switchyard of Siddhirganj 2120 PPP of EGCB

Page | 54

6.10 Switchgear
The term switchgear, used in association with the electric power system, or grid, refers to
electrical equipments like isolators, fuses, relays, circuit breakers which intended to connect
and disconnect power circuits are known collectively as switchgear. Switchgear is used in
connect with generation, transmission, distribution and conversion of electric power for
controlling, metering, protecting and regulating devices.

Figure 6.12: Switchgear Panel at Siddhirganj 2120 MW Power Plant

6.11 Circuit breaker
A circuit breaker (CB) is an automatic switch that stops the flow of electric current in a
suddenly overloaded or otherwise abnormally stressed electric circuit. During abnormal
conditions, when excessive current develops, a circuit breaker opens to protect equipment and
surroundings from possible damage due to excess current. A CB does not need to be replaced
like a fuse after each operation. It can be reset either manually or automatically to its normal
operating condition.




Page | 55

6.12 Circuit Breaker Used in Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant
6.12.1 Molded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB)
Molded case circuit breaker operation as like as thermal or thermal-magnetic operation and
rated current start from100A. The MCCB may be used as an incoming device, but it is more
generally used as an outgoing device on the load side of a switchboard. It is normally
mounted into a low-voltage switchboard or a purpose-designed panel board.





Figure 6.13: Molded Case Circuit Breaker
6.12.2 Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB)
Miniature circuit breakers rated current not more than 100A. Trip characteristics normally are
not adjustable. The miniature circuit breaker (MCB) has a contact system and means of arc
quenching, a mechanism and tripping and protection system to open the circuit breaker under
fault conditions.





Figure 6.14: Miniature Circuit Breaker




Page | 56

6.12.3 Air Break circuit breaker
In air circuit breakers air is used as arc quenching media. These circuit breakers employ high
resistance interruption principle. The arc is rapidly lengthened by means of the arc runners
and arc chutes and the resistance of the arc is increased by cooling, lengthening and splitting
the arc. The arc resistance increases to such an extent that the voltage drop across the arc
becomes more than the supply voltage and the arc extinguished. Air breaker circuit breakers
are used in d.c circuits and a.c circuits up to 12 kV. Magnetic field is utilized for lengthening
the arc in high voltage air break circuit breaker. The arc resistance is increased to such an
extent that the system voltage cannot maintain the arc and the arc get extinguished.
Specification of Air Break circuit breaker is given below:
Type :AH-12D-CS
Rated frequency :50 -60Hz
Rated Voltage :415V
Rated Current :1250 A
Breaking capacity :50KA(for 1sec)
Supply Voltage Tripping :110 V/DC
Supply Voltage Closing : 110 V/DC

Figure 6.15: Air Break Circuit Breaker




Page | 57

6.12.4 Vacuum circuit breaker
Vacuum circuit breaker with rated current up to 3000 A, these breakers interrupts the current
by creating and extinguishing the arc in a vacuum container. Vacuum circuit breakers tend to
have longer life expectancies between overhaul than do air circuit breakers. In a vacuum
circuit breaker, two electrical contacts are enclosed in a vacuum. One of the contacts is fixed,
and one of the contacts is movable. When the circuit breaker detects a dangerous situation,
the movable contact pulls away from the fixed contact, interrupting the current.

Specification of Vacuum Circuit Breaker is given below:

Type :B/BARET
Rated frequency :50Hz
Rated Voltage :7.2KV
Short Time Current :40 A
Duration of short circuit : 1sec
Rated Short circuit breaking current :16KA
Making Capability :100KAP
Impulse Withstand :60KVP
Spring Coil :110V


Figure 6.16: Vacuum Circuit Breaker

Page | 58

6.12.5 SF
6
Circuit Breaker
A circuit breaker in which the current carrying contacts operate in sulphur hexafluoride or
SF
6
gas is known as an SF
6
circuit breaker. SF
6
has excellent insulating property. SF
6
has
high electro-negativity. That means it has high affinity of absorbing free electron. Whenever
a free electron collides with the SF
6
gas molecule, it is absorbed by that gas molecule and
forms a negative ion. SF
6
Circuit Breakers has a superior arc quenching medium so the arcing
time is very short. The SF
6
Circuit Breakers have been found very effective for high power
and high voltage service.

Specification of SF
6
Circuit Breaker is given below:
Type :ETK 24
Rated frequency :50Hz
Rated Voltage :12-17.5kV
Rated Current :1250 A
Duration of short circuit : 3sec
Rated Short circuit breaking current :16KA
Lightning impulse withstand voltage : 125KV
Rated break time :45-50ms
Rated make time :65-70ms




















Figure 6.17: SF
6
Circuit Breaker


Page | 59

6.13 Protective Relay
AC power system is covered by several protection zones. Each protective zone covers one or
two components of the system. The neighboring protective zones overlap so that no part of
the system is left unprotected. During the abnormal situation, the protective relaying senses
the condition and closes the trip circuit of the circuit breaker.
The protective schemes for large electrical equipment comprise several types of protective
systems. For low voltage equipment of relatively small ratings, fuses and thermal relays are
generally adequate. The protective schemes for large power system equipment is generally
designed with due regards to power swings, power system stability and associated problems.

Types of Protective Relays:

Differential Relay
Over current/earth fault Relay
Frequency Relay
Trip Relay
Lockout Relay
Distance Relay
Time Relay



Figure 6.18: Relays used in Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant



Page | 60

6.13.1 Over Current Relay

An "over current relay" is a type of protective relay which operates when the load current
exceeds a preset value. In a typical application the over current relay is connected to a current
transformer and calibrated to operate at or above a specific current level. When the relay
operates, one or more contacts will operate and energize to trip (open) a circuit breaker.









Figure 6.19: Over Current Relay

6.13.2 Distance Relay

The most common form of protection on high voltage transmission systems is distance relay
protection. Power lines have set impedance per kilometer and using this value and comparing
voltage and current the distance to a fault can be determined. The ANSI standard device
number for a distance relay is 21.












Figure 6.20: Distance Relay





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6.13.3 Frequency Relay
Frequency relays monitor for overshooting and undershooting against the set frequency
thresholds in 50 Hz or 60 Hz systems. The frequency relay is designed to be used for the protection of
power generators and other AC equipment against over frequency and under frequency






Figure 6.21: Frequency Relay

6.13.4 Trip Relay
In a protection system the trip circuit of the circuit breaker is crucial. If an interruption occurs
in the trip circuit a possible network fault will not be disconnected and would have to be
cleared by another protection upstream in the power system.









Figure 6.22: Trip Relay




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6.14 Fire Safety Measures

There were a couple of cylinders having Carbon-Di-Oxide gas. This gas can be used through
pipes in combustion chamber and other important areas. Gas containing capacity of each
cylinder is 6000 Kg. It can be controlled by both automatic and manual process.
























Figure 6.23: CO
2
cylinders for fire safety at the Siddhirganj 2120 MW PPP of EGCB




CHAPTER
07
OPERATION


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7.1 Gas Booster Compressor

Gas booster compressor (GBC) is an important part of the Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking
Power Plant. It is used to boost up the speed of the gas. The gas supplied from Titas is not
fully pressurized enough for combustion. There are a lot of pneumatic valves in this plant.
Some get air from bottom and some get air from top. The ones which get air from the top are
called air to open and the ones which get air from the bottom are called air to close. It has a
suction line and a discharge line. The discharge gas has high temperature and pressure.
Discharge temperature is 135C and pressure is 25 kg. Gas cooler is used to reduce the
temperature of the gas. When the turbine is not started, the discharge gas is again fed into the
suction line through an anti-surge valve. Anti-surge valve is used to reduce the pressure of the
feeder gas.

Gas booster compressor consists of -

Induction Motor
Gear Box
centrifugal compressor

7.1.1 Induction Motor

GBC use induction motor for start GBC, An induction or asynchronous motor is a type of AC
motor where power is supplied to the rotor by means of electromagnetic induction. These
motors are widely used in industrial drives, particularly poly phase induction motors, because
they are robust and have no brushes. Their speed can be controlled with a variable frequency
drive.

7.1.2 Gear Box

The fixed speed motor speed does not fall within the compressor speed operational window a
speed changing gearbox is required. The gearbox is used to increase the motor speed to match
compressor gas. For induction motor systems, the gearbox ratio selection should take into
account the slip speed of the motor in the effective speed.
7.1.3 Centrifugal Compressor
Gas from a pure natural gas wellhead might have sufficient pressure to feed directly into a
pipeline transport system. Gas from separators has generally lost so much pressure that it
must be recompressed to be transported. Turbine driven compressors gain their energy by
using a small proportion of the natural gas that they compress. The turbine itself serves to
operate a centrifugal compressor, which contains a type of fan that compresses and pumps the
natural gas through the pipeline. Some compressor stations are operated by using an electric
motor to turn the same type of centrifugal compressor. This type of compression does not

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require the use of any of the natural gas from the pipe; however it does require a reliable
source of electricity nearby. The compression includes a large section of associated
equipment such as scrubbers (to remove liquid droplets) and heat exchangers, lube oil
treatment etc.

7.1.4 Specification of Gas Booster Compressor

No. of compressor : 03 (Three)

Compressor:
Compressor Type : BCL406
First Critical Speed : 5800 rpm
Power Required : 1562 KW
Casing Design Temp : 150
0
C
Suction Pressure : 10.0 Kg/Cm
2

Discharge Pressure : 26.85 Kg/Cm
2

Max
m
Discharge Pressure : 29.0 Kg/Cm
2

Gear Box
Rated Power : 2222 KW
Input/output speed : 1485/11366
Pin /Gear : 26/199

Motor:
KW : 2020 KW
Volt : 6600 Volt
Rated Amps : 209 amps
Rpm : 1492 rpm
Insulation Class : F
Bearing Type : Tapered Roller














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7.1.5 Schematic Diagram of Gas Booster Compressor





Figure 7.1: Gas Booster Compressor Cooling Water System




Figure 7.2: Gas Booster Compressor Lube Oil System

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Figure 7.3: Gas Booster Compressor Process Gas System





Figure 7.4: Gas Booster Compressor Bearing Temperature, Vibration & Displacement
System





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7.2 Plant Air and Instrument Air

An air compressor is used to produce instrument air, plant air, and nitrogen. Carbon
molecular fid (CMF) is used to absorb the carbon related material. Oxygen is also absorbed
by CMF. Instrument air is used in different types of pneumatic valve and in journal bearing.
Lube (lubricating) oil is used for the operation of journal bearing. As it is a mechanical
contact, it cannot be 100% leakage free. So the lube oil can leak out from the bearing. To stop
the leaking, instrument air is used as a filling to pressurize the lube oil. This filling is used
only at GBC. Since lube oil and instrument air can react with each other, nitrogen is used as a
barrier to hinder the reaction. Nitrogen is also used inside different pipes when the operation
at the plant remains turned off for a long time. This is used to stop the corrosion of the pipe.

7.3 Water Treatment Plant

Water treatment plant is necessary to make it useful for the plant. Here water is used for
cooling. Mineralized water is not directly used in the plant. It is full of different minerals,
anions and cations. If the mineralized water is used, it will react with metal, which is not
desired. At the water treatment plant, the water from the river Shitalakhya is treated. First the
anions and cations are removed and then make the water is de-mineralized by reverse
osmosis process. Reverse osmosis is a process that various industry uses to clean water.
Different types of motor and pumps are used in this process. The driving force of the reverse
osmosis process is applied pressure.

7.4 Lubricating Oil Pumps
Lubrication to the bearing header is supplied by three lube pumps:
The main lube supply pump is a positive displacement type pump mounted in and
driven by the accessory gear.
The auxiliary lube supply pump is a submerged centrifugal pump driven by an A.C
motor.
The emergency lube supply pump is a submerged centrifugal pump driven by a D.C
motor.
7.4.1 Main Lube Pump

The main lube pump is built into the inboard wall of the lower half casing of the accessory
gear. A splinted quill shaft drives it from the lower drive gear. The output pressure to the
lubrication system is limited by a back-pressure valve to maintain system pressure.

7.4.2 Auxiliary Lube Oil Pump

The auxiliary lube pump is a submerged centrifugal type pump driven by an A.C. motor. It
provides lubricant pressure during start-up and shut-down of the gas turbine when the main

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pump cannot supply sufficient pressure for safe operation.

7.4.3 Emergency Lube Oil Pump

The emergency lube pump is a D.C., motor-driven pump, of the submerged centrifugal type.
This pump supplies lube oil to the main bearing header during an emergency shutdown in the
event the auxiliary pump has been forced out of service because of loss of A.C. power, or for
other reasons.

7.4.4 Mist Eliminator

The main function of mist eliminator is to remove the oil vapor and to maintain the negative
pressure at the tank to avoid the pressurization of tank and preventing the lube oil leakage
from tank. The lube comes along with the vapor is filtered and diverted back to tank and oil
vapor is thrown out to the atmosphere. Normally tank pressure is to be maintained around 50
mmwc below the atmospheric pressure.













Figure 7.5: Mist Eliminator




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7.5 Start Up Sequence


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7.6 Shut Down Sequence

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7.7 Schematic Diagram of Overall Control System Used in Siddhirganj
2X120 MW Peaking Power Plant


Figure 7.5: Timers & Counters Control System














Figure 7.6: Wheelspace Temperature Control System


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Figure 7.7: Bearing Temperature Control System



Figure 7.8: Vibration Control System



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Figure 7.9: DLN (Dry Low NOx) Control System


Figure 7.10: Flame Control System


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Figure 7.11: Exhaust Control System



Figure 7.12: Synchronization Control System

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Figure 7.13: IGV (Inlet Guide Vane) Control System


Figure 7.14: Startup Control System




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Figure 7.15: Central Control Room of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant









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7.8 SPEEDTRONIC MARK-VI Control System
The Top block in the diagram is the interface data processor called < I >. It includes monitor,
key board and printer. Its main functions are driving the operator displays, managing the
alarm process and handling operator commands. < I > also does the system configuration and
down loaded, off-line diagnostics for maintenance, and implements interface to remote
operator stations and plant distributed control systems.

The common data processor < C > collects the data for display, maintains the alarm buffers,
generates and keeps diagnostic data, and implements common I/O for non critical signals and
control actions Turbine supervisory sensors such as wheel space thermocouples come directly
to < C >. The < I > processor communicates with < C > using peer-to-peer communication
link which permits one or more < I > processors. < C > gathers data from control processors
by participating on voting link.

At the core of SPEEDTRONIC Mark-V control are three identical processors called < R >, <
S >, < T >. All critical control algorithms, turbine sequencing and primary protective
functions are handled by these processors. They also gathers data and generates most of the
alarms.

An independent protective module < P > is internally triple redundant. It accepts speed
sensors, flame detectors and potential transformer inputs to perform emergency electronic
over speed, flame detection and synchronizing functions. The hardware voting for < P >
solenoid outputs is accomplished on a trip card associated with the module. The trip card
merges trip contact signals from the emergency over speed, the main control processors,
manual trip push buttons and other hard wired customer trips.

Over speed and synchronization functions are independently performed In both triple
redundant control and triple-redundant protective hardware, which reduces the probability of
machine over speed or out of phase synchronization to the lowest availability values.

7.8.1 Common Terminology used in Gas Turbine Logics

12 # Over Speed Mechanism 49 # Overload Protection
20 # Solenoid Valve 63 # Pressure Switch
23 # Heating Device 65 # Servo-Valve
26 # Temperature Switch 71 # Level Detecting System
33 # Limit Switch 77 # Speed Sensor
39 # Vibration Detector 88 # Electric Motor
43 # Manual Switch 90 # Modulating Valve
45 # Fire Detector 96 # Pressure Transmitter



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7.9 Daily Log Sheet of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant




Figure 7.16: Daily Log Sheet





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7.10 Daily Generation Report of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power
Plant




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7.11 Palnt Thermal Efficiency& Other Data of Siddhirganj 2120 MW
Peaking Power Plant
























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CHAPTER
08
CONCLUSION


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8.1 My Achievements

Before the internship, I had learned many theories and working principles of power system
and related equipments in relative academic courses. However from the internship I acquired
practical knowledge about power system engineering and its equipments. I always tried to
relate what I saw at the power plant to my academic courses. My communication skills also
improved through communicating with different mentors. Most importantly I have gathered
practical experience on how electricity is generated. Therefore, I believe I made good
achievements with my industrial training which will help me a lot in my future.

8.2 Problems Faced

There were some problems which I faced during the internship period. The problems are
given below:

During the course of my internship, due to low gas pressure, I was never able to
observe full load of the power plant.
I would have liked to learn more thoroughly about all the sections at the power plant
but was unable to do so due to the short length of the internship period.
I had very little academic knowledge about the mechanical sections of a power plant.

8.3 Recommendations

There were some recommendations which I want to suggest -

The exhaust gas coming out through the chimney has a temperature of 543 C. This
exhaust gas pollutes the environment. I suggest them by extracting the heat energy
from the exhaust gas and recycle it for other purpose.

During my industrial training period, I saw that the plant tripped several times. I asked
the Shift Engr. about the reasons. He told me that the main reason is temperature of
journal bearing of gas booster compressor is increase and vibration of generator shaft
is increase. I suggest them for proper maintenance of journal bearing of gas booster
compressor and shaft of generator.

Sometime I saw that some engineers avoid some sensors alarm. So that the plant may
have a big problem. So I suggested them that to take care of sensors alarm. So that
there will be no possibility of big problem.

They havent sufficient engineers in maintenance section. If more faults occurred at a
time, power generation will interrupted for a long time which makes loss for the
company.





SUPPLEMENTARY PART


Page | 92

Appendix

A
Active Power: The product of the voltage across a branch of an alternating-current circuit
and the component of the electric current that in phase with the voltage.
Air Compressors: An air compressor or a gas compressor operates on the simple principle of
taking in a quantity of air or a certain gas and increasing its pressure many times over by
reducing its volume.
Ampere (amp): A unit used to define the rate of flow of electricity (current) in a circuit;
units are one coulomb (6.28 x 10
18
electronics) per second.
Apparent Power: The product of the root-mean-square voltage and the root-mean-square
current delivered in an alternating-current circuit, no account being taken of the phase
difference between voltage and current.
Auxiliary Transformer: Local distribution transformer used for the local electrical supply of
the diesel power plant
B
Breather: Silica gel placement on the transformer
Bus-bar: The metal (often copper) bar system which is the distribution media for the 3-phase
high voltage system in the power plant .

C
Capacitor: An electric circuit element used to store charge temporarily, consisting in general
of two metallic plates separated and insulated from each other by a dielectric.
Circuit Breaker: An automatic switch that stops the flow of electric current in a suddenly
overloaded or otherwise abnormally stressed electric circuit.
Current: The rate of flow of electricity. The unit of the ampere (A) defined as 1 ampere = 1
coulomb per second.
Current Transformer: In electrical engineering, a current transformer (CT) is used for
measurement of electric currents. Current transformers are also known as instrument
transformers.


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D
DC: Direct current; an electric current flowing in one direction only and substantially
constant in value.

E
Electromotive Force (emf): The potential difference between the two electrodes in a cell.
The cell emf is the cell voltage measured when no current is flowing through the cell.
Exciter Current: The field current required producing rated voltage at rated load and
frequency.
Exciter Voltage: The voltage required to cause exciter current to flow through a field
winding.

F
Frequency: Number of cycles over a specified time period over which an event occurs.
G
Generator: A device that produces electric current, usually by rotating a conductor in a
magnetic field, thereby generating current through electromagnetic induction.
I
Isolator: A passive attenuator in which the loss in one direction is much greater than that in
the opposite direction; a ferrite isolator for waveguides is an example.
K
Kilowatt Hour (KWh): 1000 watt hours.
KVA: Kilovolt Amperes (1000 volt-ampere)
L
Load: The electrical demand of a process expressed as power (watts), current (amps) or
resistance (ohms).
Lightning Surge: A transient disturbance in an electric circuit due to lightning
P
Phase: A time based relationship between a periodic function and a reference. In electricity,
it is expressed in angular degrees to describe the voltage or current relationship of two
alternating waveforms.

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Potential Transformer: An instrument transformer whose primary winding is connected in
parallel with a circuit in which the voltage is to be measured or controlled and it also known
as potential transformer.
Power Factor: The extent to which the voltage zero differs from the current zero. (p.f = kW /
kVA)

R
Relay: An electromechanical device that completes or interrupts a circuit by physically
moving electrical contacts into contact with each other.
Resistance: The resistance to the flow of electric current measured in ohms (1/2) for a
conductor. Resistance is function of diameter, resistivity (an intrinsic property of the
material) and length.
Rotor: A rotor is a rotating body whose journals are supported by bearings.
Relay: An electromechanical device that completes or interrupts a circuit by physically
moving electrical contacts into contact with each other.
S
Stator: The portion of an electrical machine which contains the stationary parts of the
magnetic circuit and their windings.
Synchronization: Refer to the way in which a power generating source is connected to
another at the exact point in time when they both have the same frequency, voltage and
period.
T
Transformer: A device used to transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another. With
an alternating current, a transformer will either raise or lower the voltage
V
Voltage: An electrical potential which can be measured in volts.
Voltage Regulation: The difference between maximum and minimum steady state voltage
divided by the nominal voltage expressed as a percent of the nominal voltage.



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Acronyms

A Ampere
AC Alternating Current
ACB Air Circuit Breaker
ACDB Alternating Current Distribution
AVR Automatic Voltage Regulator
BOP Balance of Plants
BPDB Bangladesh Power Development Board
CT Current Transformer
DC Direct Current
DLN Dry Low NOx
EDG Emergency Diesel Generator
EGCB Electricity Generation Company of Bangladesh
EMF Electromotive Force
FSNL Full Speed No Load
GBC Gas Booster Compressor
GT Gas Turbine
GTG Gas Turbine Generator
GTMCC Gas Turbine Motor Control Circuit
Hz Hertz
Hp Horse Power
HT High Tension
I/C Incomer
IGV Inlet Guide Vane
KA Kilo Ampere
KVA Kilo Volt Ampere
KW Kilo Watt
LT Low Tension
MCB Miniature Circuit Breaker
MCCB Molded Case Circuit Breaker
MVUAS Medium Voltage Unit Auxiliary Station
MVUAT Medium Voltage Unit Auxiliary Transformer

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NC Normally Closed
NGR Neutral Grounding Resistance
NGT Neutral Grounding Transformer
NO Normally Open
OFAF Oil Forced Air Forced
ONAF Oil Natural Air Forced
ONAN Oil Natural Air Natural
O&M Operation and Maintenance
PPP Peaking Power Plant
PMCC Protection of Motor Control Circuit
PMG Permanent Magnet Generator
PT Potential Transformer
PFI Power Factor Improvement
RPM Revolution per Minute
SA Surging Arrestor
SAT Station Auxiliary Transformer
SF6 Sulfur Hexafluoride
SSB Station Switch Board
SWYD Switch Yard
UAT Unit Auxiliary Transformer
V Volt
VCB Vacuum Circuit Breaker



Page | 97

Work Cited
Books:
Gas Turbine Manual Frame 9E PG-9171E
Operation Manual of Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant
G. R. Nagpal, Power Plant Engineering, Khanna Publishers, Fifteenth Edition 2006
Sunil S. Rao, Switchgear Protection and Power Systems, Khanna Publishers, Twelfth
Edition 2007
V. K. Mehta, Rohit Mehta, Principle of Power System, S Chand & Company Ltd,
Fourth Edition 2008

Websites:
www.egcb.com.bd
www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_substation
www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformer
www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switchgear
www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_breaker
www.answers.com/topic/circuit-breaker
www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relay
http://emadrlc.blogspot.com/2013/01/chapter-1-introduction-to-gas-turbines.html
http://www.techtransfer.com/resources/wiki/entry/2563/
http://www.electrical4u.com/protection-system-in-power-system/
http://www.electrical4u.com/electrical-power-transformer-definition-and-types-of-
transformer/
http://www.electrical4u.com/voltage-transformer-or-potential-transformer-theory/
http://www.electrical4u.com/current-transformer-ct-class-ratio-error-phase-angle-
error-in-current-transformer
Pictures taken at Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant
Materials provided by the mentors at Siddhirganj 2120 MW Peaking Power Plant