R.

GANESH NARAYANAN
Screws
Used for fastening, transmitting power or motion, lifting body
Square threaded jack - screw jack
V-thread is also possible
W- AXIAL LOAD
M APPLIED MOMENT ABOUT AXIS OF
SCREW
M = r x P
L LEAD DISTANCE Advancement per
revolution
Pitch distance between two consecutive
threads
HELIX ANGLE
M
Upward
motion
R. GANESH NARAYANAN

2r
L
W

R
P = M/r
One full thread
of screw
To raise load
M
F
angle of friction
R
P
w
+
tan (+) = P/W = M/rW
=> M = rWtan (+)
Where = tan
-1
(L/2r)
To lower load unwinding condition

P = M/r
W
R
<
Screw will remain in place
self locking
=> M = rWtan (-)
= In verge of un-winding
Moment required to
lower the screw
R. GANESH NARAYANAN

P = M/r
W
R

> Screw will unwind itself

=> M = rWtan (-)
Moment required to
prevent unwinding
R. GANESH NARAYANAN
Beer/Johnston
A clamp is used to hold two pieces of wood
together as shown. The clamp has a double
square thread of mean diameter equal to 10 mm
with a pitch of 2 mm. The coefficient of friction
between threads is
s
= 0.30.
If a maximum torque of 40 Nm is applied in
tightening the clamp, determine (a) the force
exerted on the pieces of wood, and (b) the torque
required to loosen the clamp.
Lead distance = 2 x pitch = 2 x 2 = 4 mm
r = 5 mm
( )
30 . 0 tan
1273 . 0
mm 10
mm 2 2
2
tan
= =
= = =
s s
r
L

= 3 . 7
= 7 . 16
s

(double square thread)

R. GANESH NARAYANAN
a) Forces exerted on the wooded pieces
M/[r tan (+)] = W
W = 40 / [(0.005) tan (24)] = 17.96 kN
b) the torque required to loosen the clamp
M = rWtan (-) = 0.005 (17.96) tan (9.4)
M = 14.87 Nm
R. GANESH NARAYANAN
The position of the automobile jack shown is
controlled by a screw ABC that is single-
threaded at each end (right-handed thread at
A, left-handed thread at C). Each thread has
a pitch of 2 mm and a mean diameter of 7.5
mm. If the coefficient of static friction is 0.15,
determine the magnitude of the couple M
that must be applied to raise the automobile.
Beer/Johnston
FBD joint D:
Fy = 0 => 2F
AD
sin254 kN=0
F
AD
= F
CD
= 4.73 kN
By symmetry:
4 kN
F
AD
F
CD
25 25
D
R. GANESH NARAYANAN
FBD joint A:
4.73 kN
F
AC
F
AE
= 4.73
25
25
A
Fx = 0 => F
AC
2(4.73) cos25=0
F
AC
= 8.57 kN
L = Pitch = 2 mm
W = F
AC
= 8.57

R
Joint A
P = M/r
(7.5)

Here is used instead of used earlier

M
A
= rWtan (+) = (7.5/2) (8.57) tan (13.38) = 7.63 Nm
Similarly, at C, M
c
= 7.63 Nm (by symmetry); Total moment = 7.63 (2) = 15.27 Nm
R. GANESH NARAYANAN
The three identical rollers are stacked on a horizontal surface as
shown. If the static friction coefficient
s
is the same for all
pairs of contacting surfaces, find the minimum value of
s
for
which the rollers will not slip
Take M
0
= 0 => F1 = F2
F
2
reaches limiting value
s
N
2
before F
1
i.e, N
1
> N
2
M
A
= 0 =>
s
= 0.268
Find the horizontal force P on the wedge necessary to initiate
movement of the 40 kg cylinder;
s
= 0.25. find the friction
force F
B
at point B.
A
B
P
10
P = 98.7 N; FB = 24.8 N
R. GANESH NARAYANAN
In the gear-pulling assembly shown, the square-threaded screw
AB has a mean radius of 0.9375 in. add a lead of 0.25 in.
Knowing that the coefficient of static friction is 0.10, determine
the couple which must be applied to the screw to produce a
force of 1000 lb on the gear. Neglect friction at end A of the
screw.
M = 134 lb-in
R. GANESH NARAYANAN
Journal & Thrust bearing
Journal bearings provide lateral support to rotating shafts
Thrust bearings provide axial support
Journal bearing - Axle friction
Thrust bearing - Disc friction
shaft
bearing
shaft
bearing
R. GANESH NARAYANAN
Friction between two
ring shaped areas
Friction in full circular area
- DISK FRICTION (Eg., Disc clutch)
Consider Hollow shaft (R1, R2)
M Moment required for shaft
rotation at constant speed
P axial force which maintains
shaft in contact with bearing
R. GANESH NARAYANAN
Couple moment required to overcome friction
resistance, M
Equilibrium conditions and moment equations are
necessary to solve problems
R. GANESH NARAYANAN
A .178 m-diameter buffer weighs 10.1 N. The
coefficient of kinetic friction between the buffing
pad and the surface being polished is 0.60.
Assuming that the normal force per unit area
between the pad and the surface is uniformly
distributed, determine the magnitude Q of the
horizontal forces required to prevent motion of
the buffer.
Beer/Johnston
Mo = 0 => (0.2) Q M = 0; Q = M / 0.2
M = 2/3 (0.6) (10.1) (0.178/2) = 0.36 Nm
Q = M / 0.2 = 0.36/0.2 = 1.8 N
O
M
Q - Q
0.2 m
R. GANESH NARAYANAN
Belt friction
Draw free-body diagram for PP element of belt
( ) 0
2
cos
2
cos : 0 =

+ =

N T T T F
s x


( ) 0
2
sin
2
sin : 0 =

+ =

T T T N F
y
dT / T =
S
d
dT / T =
S
d
T
1
T
2
0

ln (T
2
/T
1
) =
S
; T
2
/T
1
= e
S
Consider flat belt, cylindrical
drum
angle of
contact
R. GANESH NARAYANAN

V- Belt
T
2
/T
1
= e
S /sin (/2)
ln (T
2
/T
1
) =
S
; T
2
/T
1
= e
S
Applicable to belts passing over fixed drums; ropes wrapped around a post;
belt drives
T2 > T1
This formula can be used only if belt, rope are about to slip;
Angle of contact is radians; rope is wrapped n times - 2n rad
In belt drives, pulley with lesser value slips first, with
S
remaining same
R. GANESH NARAYANAN
Beer/Johnston
A flat belt connects pulley A to pulley B. The
coefficients of friction are
s
= 0.25 and
k
= 0.20
between both pulleys and the belt.
Knowing that the maximum allowable tension in
the belt is 600 N, determine the largest torque
which can be exerted by the belt on pulley A.
Since angle of contact is smaller, slippage will occur on pulley B first.
Determine belt tensions based on pulley B; = 120 deg = 2/3 rad
( )
N 4 . 355
1.688
N 600
688 . 1
N 600
1
3 2 25 . 0
1 1
2
s
= =
= = =
T
e
T
e
T
T

R. GANESH NARAYANAN
( )( ) 0 N 600 N 4 . 355 m c 8 : 0 = + =
A A
M M
m c N 8 . 1956 =
A
M
Check for belt not sliping at pulley A:
ln (600/355.4) = x 4/3 => = 0.125 < 0.25
R. GANESH NARAYANAN
A 120-kg block is supported by a rope which is
wrapped 1.5 - times around a horizontal rod.
Knowing that the coefficient of static friction
between the rope and the rod is 0.15, determine
the range of values of P for which equilibrium is
maintained.
Beer/Johnston
P
W = 9.81 X 120
= 1177.2 N
= 1.5 turns = 3 rad
For impending motion of W up
P = W e
s
= (1177.2 N) e
(0.15)3
= 4839.7 N
For impending motion of W down
P = W e
s
= (1177.2 N) e
(0.15)3
= 286.3 N
For equilibrium: 286 N P 4.84 kN
R. GANESH NARAYANAN
In the pivoted motor mount shown, the weight W of
the 175-N motor is used to maintain tension in the
drive belt. Knowing that the coefficient of static
friction between the flat belt and drums A and B is
0.40, and neglecting the weight of platform CD,
determine the largest couple which can be
transmitted to drum B when the drive drum A is
rotating clockwise.
Beer/Johnston
For impending belt slip: CW rotation
= radians
Obtain FBD of motor and mount; M
D
= 0 => find T1 and T2
Obtain FBD of drum at B; M
B
in CCW; M
B
= 0; Find M
B
T1 = 54.5 N, T2 = 191.5 N
M
B
=10.27 N.m