ME 569 HW #1 Due: September 17, 2014

The simplest thermodynamic model of an internal combustion engine is a single-zone model wherein the
cylinder contents are considered uniform, the mass is considered constant, heat can be lost to the chamber walls,
and combustion is modeled as a heat addition to the system. The volume of the system, V , changes with time
according to the kinematic relationship
V
V
c
= 1 +
r
c
1
2
2
4
L
a
+ 1 cos
s

L
a

2
sin
2

3
5
where V
c
is the clearance (minimum) volume, r
c
is the compression ratio, L is the connecting rod length, 2a is
piston stroke, and is the crank position (where top dead center, i.e., minimum volume corresponds, to 0).

a) Show that you can manipulate a first law balance, neglecting heat loss to the chamber wall, to obtain the
following relationship

where is the specific heat ratio. Please show your analytical development and identify all necessary
assumptions.

Using EES or Matlab (preferred), develop a model that uses measured cylinder pressure to calculate the heat
release rate, as a function of for the data provided on the course website using the assumptions given
below. You can further assume that the trapped mass is constant and equal to the value at -120 degrees with an
assumed temperature of 320 K, and that the mixture is a stoichiometric octane-air mixture.

Please answer the following questions using these parameters:

Displacement Volume Bore Compression Ratio Stroke Connecting Rod Length
Vdisp D rc 2a L
0.6 liter 8.89 cm 10 9.682 cm 17.592 cm


b) Calculate and plot the heat release rate [J/deg] as a function of crank angle, for the closed portion of the cycle (-
120 < < 93 CA degrees) for:
=
air
(T),
=
air
(T
init
),
=1:392 7:5(10
5
)T,
= max
(

0
+
1
T[K]

HT
; where ;
1
= 10
5

1:02
2
3:309:44

;

HT
=0:0386
2
0:0838+1:33,
= (1 x
b
)n
comp
+x
b
n
exp
, where n
comp
and n
exp
are the compression and expansion polytropic
coefficients, and is the cumulative energy release fraction. Note this will require an iterative solution.

Explain your results and comment on any issues that appear in the data.

c) Rassweiler and Withrow, in 1938, derived an expression for the cumulative burned mass fraction as

where is the measured polytropic coefficient, and the subscripts and refer to spark time and exhaust
valve opening, respectively. Analytically derive this expression.

d) Compare the results of the Rassweiler-Withrow method to your results above at 2500 and 7500 rpm for an
assumed spark time of -35 CA degrees.

e) Estimate the closed-cycle heat transfer [J] at each engine speed.