Part I (40 marks)

There are 40 questions, answer all of them

Chose the correct answer by filling the corresponences letters on !"# paper
1- The minimum amount of energy required to bring about a chemical reaction is
called
$) acti%ation energy
B) enthalpy of reaction
C) Free energy
D) Standard free energy
E) Transition energy
- Catalysts are effecti!e because they
") decrease the rate of the re!erse reaction
B) stabili#e the transition state
C) ecrease the acti%ation energy of a reaction
D) increase the energy released during a reaction
E) "ll of the abo!e are correct
$- %n contrast to inorganic catalysts& en#ymes ha!e an intricately shaped surface
called the '''''''''''''
") substrate
B) cofactor
C) acti%e site
D) apoen#yme
E) holoen#yme
(- )hich of the follo*ing is a coen#yme+
") &$'P
(
B) ,n
--
C) Cu
--
D) %nsulin
E) ./ytocin
0- "lcohol dehydrogenase *ithout 1"2
-
is called a '''''''''''
$) apoen)yme
B) holoen#yme
C) substrate
D) cofactor
E) coen#yme
3- )hichof the follo*ing factors is resoonsible for the fact that *ater is a liquid
at room temperature+
") Co!alent .-4 bonds
B) %onic bonds
C) *yrogen bons
D) 4ydrophobic bonding bet*een *ater molecules
E) The molecular *eight of *ater
5- "ll of the follo*ing classes of compounds are lipids e/cept '''''''''
") fats
B) steroids
C) fatty acids
D) phosphoglycerides
+) nucleoties
6- )hich of the follo*ing is not a component of a nucleic acid 7
") 1ucleotides
,) -lucose
C) 2hosphate group
D) 2urines
E) 2yrimidines
8- Biochemistry is defined as
") the study of the life processes
,) stuies of the molecular basis of life
C) the study of li!ing organisms
D) the study of organic compounds in li!ing organisms
E) the study of li!ing compounds
19- )hich of the follo*ing is not a *aste product of li!ing organisms+
") Carbon dio/ide
B) )ater
C) :rea
D) "mmonia
+) -lycine
11- )hich of the follo*ing is not a common component of biomolecules+
") Carbon
B) 4ydrogen
C) ./ygen
D) 1itrogen
+) Chlorine
1- )hich of the follo*ing is not a type of !an der )aals force+
") Dipole-dipole interactions
B) Dipole-induced dipole interactions
C) %nduced dipole-induced dipole interactions
') Chemical bons
E) 4ydrogen bonds
1$- )hich of the follo*ing compounds is amphipathic+
") 4

.
B) C4
$
C4

C4

C4

C4
$
C) 4..CC..4
D) C*
.
C*
/
C*
/
C*
/
C!!*
E) Both " and D are correct
1(- )hich of the follo*ing statements is true of *ea; acids dissol!ed in *ater +
") They are completely ioni#ed in *ater
B) They are totally unioni#ed in *ater
C) They are partially ioni)e in water
D) The dissociation constant is a function of the p4
E) The dissociation constant is a function of the solute concentration
10- )hat is the p4 of a solution *here the concentration of hydrogen ions is /
19
-0
molar+
") 0
B) <0
C)
') 401
E) 0<$
13- )hich of the follo*ing *ould not from a suitable buffer+
") "cetic acid 7 acetate
B) Carbonic acid 7 bicarbonate
C) Bicarbonate 7 carbonate
') *yrochloric aci 2 chlorie
E) 2hosphoric acid 7 dihydrogen phosphate
15- The p4 of a solution that is 9<0 molar in acetic acid and 9<1 molar in sodium
acetate is (<$3< )hat is the p=a of acetic acid+
") (<$3
,) 4013
C) 5<53
D) $<53
E) 0<53
16- The most important buffer in blood is >>>< <
$) carbonate 2 bicarbonate buffer
B) protein buffer
C) phosphate buffer
D) lactate buffer
E) tartrate buffer
18- Salt bridges in proteins are an e/ample of >>>< <
") hydrogen bonds
,) ionic interactions
C) hydrophobic interactions
D) !an der *aals forces
E) ?ondon dispersion forces
9- )hat is the osmolarity of a solution that is 9<0 molar in trisodium phosphate+
") 9<0 molar
B) 9<0 molar
C) 9<50 molar
D) molar 400
E) 1one of the abo!e are correct
1- )hich of the follo*ing molecules *ould ha!e a dipole moment+
$) CCl
(
,) C4
$
C4
$
C) 4

') C*Cl
.
+) %

- )hich of the follo*ing molecules are *ea; acids+

") 4Cl
B) C.
$
-
C) 41.
$
') *C!
.
5
E) Both B and D
$- )hich of the follo*ing is a function of proteins+
") Structure
B) @etabolic regulation
C) Transport
D) Catalysis
+) $ll the abo%e are correct
(- )hich of the follo*ing is a nonstandard amino acid+
") Alycine
B) Cysteine
C) 65*yro7yproline
D) Baline
E) "lanine
0- )hich of the follo*ing is a heterocyclic amino acid+
") "lanine
B) Baline
C) Proline
D) Tyrosine
E) Cystine
3- )hich of the follo*ing is not a class of amino acid+
") 1one polar and neutral
B) 2olar and neutral
C) "cidic
D) Basic
+) $symmetric
5- Ai!en the follo*ing p=aCs the isoelectric point of serine is >>< <
Dp=
1
E <1& p=

E 8<10F
") <1
,) 6038
C) 8<10
D) 3<3
E) 11<$3
6- Consider the follo*ing dipeptide< )hich letter indicates the peptide bond+
CH
3
C
H
NH
2
O
N CH COOH
CH
3
A
B
C
E
D
") "
B) B
C) C
') '
E) E
8- The o!erall three-dimensional structure of a polypeptide is referred to as
>>> structure<
") primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary
E) super-quaternary
$9- The amono acid sequence of a poly peptide is referred to as >>><<structure<
$) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary
E) super-quaternary
$1- Fatty acid groups are referred to as >><< groups<
") acety
,) acyl
C) prenyl
D) isoprenoid
E) isopentenyl
$- The functions of fat include
") insulation
B) energy storage
C) *ater-repellent properties
D) Both " and B are correct
+) $ll the abo%e are correct
$$- The D1" Gbac;boneH is composed of
") an amide bond bet*een deo/yribose and a nitrogenous base<
B) a glycosidic bond bet*een deo/yribose and a nitrogenous base<
C) a phosphoiester bon between the .9 : an 69 : hyro7yl groups of
a;acent eo7yribose resiues0
D) a phosphodiester bond bet*een the C I and 0C I hydro/yl groups of adJacent
deo/yribose residues<
E) 1one of the abo!e is correct<
$(- )hich of the follo*ing carbohydrates does not belong to the family of
naturally occurring D sugars+
C=O
CH
2
OH
C - OH H
H C - OH
CH
2
OH
C - H
C - OH
CHO
H
H C - OH
CH
2
OH
C - H
C - OH
CHO
H
O H C - H
CH
2
OH
C - OH
C - H
CHO
O H
H C - OH
CH
2
OH
O H
O H
C - H
C - H
CHO
O H
H C - OH
CH
2
OH
O H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

$0- )hich of the follo*ing structures is the -anomer of glucose+
O
CH
2
OH
O
CH
2
OH
O
CH
2
OH
O
CH
2
OH
O
CH
2
OH
A)
B) C)
D)
E)
$3- The most abundant organic substance on earth is ><< <
") starch
,) cellulose
C) sucrose
D) glucose
E) Both B and D are correct
$5- The loc; and ;ey model of en#yme acti!ity proposes that each
") en#yme can react *ith only a single substrate<
B) en#yme has cofactor that promotes the catalytic acti!ity
C) substrate has a specific cofactor that binds it to the en#yme<
') en)yme bins a specific substrate because the acti%e site an substrate ha%e
complementary structures0
E) Both " and B are correct
$6) )hich of the follo*ing is not a type of o/idoreductase+
") 2ero/idase
B) 4ydro/ylase
C) Keductase
D) Dehydrogenase
+) Peptioase
$8) Consider the follo*ing reaction data<
"lanylalanine - *ater E alanine
L"lanylalanineM L)aterM Kate
9<1 9<1 1 / 19
-(
9< 9<1 / 19
-(
9<1 9< / 19
-(
9< 9< ( / 19
-(
The reaction is >>> order o!erall<
") #ero
B) first
C) secon
D) third
E) fourth
(9) 1"D24 and 1"D4 are coen#ymes found in *hich class of en#ymes+
$) 'ehyrogenases
B) ?igases
C) 4ydrolases
D) Transferases
E) Both C and D are correct
Part II (/0 marks)
45 a) +7plain how a buffer solution works0
Buffers work by chemically tyi! u" aci# a# base$ E%am"le&
HCO
3
-
' H
3
O
'
= H
2
CO
3
' H
2
O
H
2
CO
3
' OH
-
= HCO
3
-
' H
2
O
b) <hat is the p* of a buffer mi7ture containing 4" acetic aci an 006"
soium acetate= >the p?a of acetic aci is 4013@0
Aswer - (he cocetratio of acetic aci# )*+) corres"o#s to the ,HA-
term a# the cocetratio of acetate )from so#ium acetate) ).$/+)
corres"o#s to the ,A
-
- term$
(hus0 "H = 1$23 ' lo! ),.$/-4,*$.- ) = 1$13$
/5 a) 'efine the p*0
5t is the e!ati6e lo!arithm of the hy#ro!e ios )"rotos) ,H
'
-
cocetratio i a solutio$ Or "H = - lo! ,H
'
-
b) In a solution at /6
o
C >*
(
@ A >!*
5
@ A 4 7 40
51
"0 Calculate the p*0
A solutio is sai# to be eutral whe ,H
'
- = ,OH
-
-$ At 2/ C0 ,H
'
- = ,OH
-
- = *
% *.
-2
+$ Oce ,H
'
- is kow0 the "H of the solutio ca be calculate# as
follows&
"H = -lo!,H
'
-
7or a eutral solutio at 2/
o
C0 "H = -lo! )* % *.
-2
) = 2$
$- $) <hat is a titration=
5t is a "rocess i which carefully measure# 6olumes of a base are
a##e# to a solutio of a aci# i or#er to #etermie the aci#
cocetratio$
,) In a titration cur%e for (*!$c with &a!*) e7plain what shoul be in
the solution at
i0 equi%alence point=
ii0 inflection point=
At the e8ui6alece "oit0 oly the salt )NaOAc) is "reset i solutio$
At the iflectio "oit0 e8ual moles of salt a# aci# are "reset i
solutio$ 9 : ,HOAc- = ,NaOAc- a# : "H = ";a <
45 Bhow the possible tripepties those woul be mae using sufficient amounts of
glycine, alanine C phenylalanine (-ly5$la5Phe)0
(here are 22 "ossibilities&
)=ly-=ly-=ly)0 )Ala-Ala-Ala)0 )>he->he->he)0 )=ly-=ly-Ala)0 )=ly-=ly->he)0
)=ly-Ala-=ly)0 )Ala-=ly-=ly)0 )>he-=ly-=ly)0 )=ly->he-=ly)0 )Ala- Ala- =ly)0
)Ala-Ala->he)0 )=ly-Ala-Ala)0 )>he-Ala-Ala)0 )Ala-=ly-Ala)0 )Ala->he-Ala)0
)>he->he-=ly) )>he->he-Ala) )=ly->he->he) )Ala->he->he)0 )>he-=ly->he)
)>he-Ala->he)0 ' the 3
65 +7plain how en)ymes iffer from orinary chemical catalysts in some
important aspects0
*$ Hi!her reactio rates
(he rate of e?ymatically cataly?e# are *.
3
to *.
*2
!reater tha the
corres"o#i! ucataly?e# reactios a# se6eral or#ers !reater tha
those of chemically cataly?e# oes$
2$ +il#er reactio co#itios
E?ymatically cataly?e# reactios tem"erature below *..o C0
atmos"heric "ressure a# eutral "Hs$ @hile chemical catalysis
re8uires hi!h tem"erature0 "ressure a# e%tremes of "Hs$
3$ =reater reactio s"ecificity
E?ymes ha6e !rater with res"ect to their substrates )reactats) a#
"ro#ucts tha #o chemical catalysts$ No si#e "ro#ucts such as i the
e?ymatic sythesis of "roteis o ribosomes )*... A$A$)
1$ Ca"acity for re!ulatio
Cataly?e# acti6ities of e?ymes 6ary i res"ose to cocetratios of
substaces other tha their substrates a# "ro#ucts$ (he
mechaisms of re!ulatory "rocess iclu#e&
N Allosteric cotrol
N Co6alet mo#ificatio of e?ymes
N Amout of e?yme sythesi?e#
35 &ame only four (4) of the following coen)ymes (full name an abbre%iation)
an write brief notes (at least one point) about their functions0
a)- A(> )A#eosie tri"hos"hate)
*- Eer!y stora!e
2- +o#ifies A tra" alcohols to !rater reacti6ity
3- Cou"le# reactios

b)- Coe?yme A )CoA)
(rasfers acyl !rou"s
c)- 7la6ie a#eie #iucleoti#e
7AD 4 7ADH2 )Bitami B2)
+o#ifies Amio Aci#s
*- O%i#atio of amies to imies )amie o%i#ases)
2- O%i#atio of hy#rocarbos )alkaes to alkees)
#)- Nicotie A#eie Diucleoti#e )NAD4NADH)
*- NatureCs hy#ri#e re#uci! 4
o%i#i?i! Coe?yme rea!et$
2- De#uctio of C=OE O%i#atio
of FCH-OH$
3- NAD'0 D=H0 membraes
NAD>'0 D=->O3H0 cytosol
1- (he two forms #iffer by a
"hos"hate !rou" which also
cotrols the locatio i the cell$
e)- 1icotine "denine Dinucleotide O1"D27 1"D24)
5 +&' 5