Vocal Music and Instrumental Music of Palawan

Tultul(epic chant)- song in Palawan . to sing tultul is to be possessed by a Tw Tultultuln. These Epic Heroes are a type of
humanity who live in the median space and intercede between people on this earth and mpuq. They are a Benevolent
Humanity protecting the Real Men. The act of chanting thus doubles with the embodiment, in the very person of the bard, of
these heroic and semi-divine Beings. One can interpret this relationship as an act of possession in which the bard becomes a
medium. Epics are always chanted at night, ending at daybreak; it is forbidden to sing when the sun shines and during the
day. This prohibition links the epic to the night and a sacred world. Moreover, one would never chant for amusement in a
light joking manner. the tultul refers to natural celestial, atmospheric, cosmogonic, visible, and invisible events and manifests
these events in an indirect or rather allusive manner.
Ulit- The shaman sings the difficult experience of the voyage of his double, kuruduwa, by a specific chant, the lumbaga, whose
melody is in all points assimilable to any epic melodic line. And it is precisely the ordeals that the soul of the shaman
overcomes in the course of his voyagethe encounters with the Evil Doers, Lnggam or Sqitan, the discussions, the
bargaining engaged in with the Invisible Beingsthat constitute the shamanic chant. In a seance of ulit, for instance, this
acolyte follows the double of the shaman up to the jar of the Master of Rice, mpuq t Parj, and through his own body-trance
manifests the state of drunkenness of the shamans very soul. In the same manner, the accompanist with a small ring flute
follows the voice of the bard. According to my observation, the companion of the shamans double or of the bards voice was
always one and the same personKlulut, the acolyte of Usuyand this association does not seem to be mere chance.
Finally, the experience of acquiring clairvoyant power and creative power are closely related, as we shall see. In addition, in
the Bagobo language, in Mindanao, the term ulit actually means epic. This permutation of meaning of the same lexical item
between the two languages, Bagobo and Palawan, is certainly very revealing of the conceptual ambivalence of ulit and tultul,
which is conveyed by the very person of the bard-shaman and his practice in this society of the Sulu Sea cultural area, as has
also been observed in other Southern Philippine societies.
Aruding -An instrument made of a small piece of bamboo. This is called "jaw's harp" in English. It is placed near the mouth
and blown to produce sound.
This musical instrument can be made by using a bolo or "itak". A stick of bamboo is carved and a pebble is stuck to help
produce the sound while an extract of honey is used to put the pieces together. An ideal tool to make this delicate instrument
would be a small knife because the intricate design of the instrument demands the use of a thin, sharp object.
Babarak- smallest bamboo flute in Palawan
Suling- bamboo ring flute
Basal(Gong)- a circular metal platelike percussion instrument, usually having a turned-down rim
Kusyapiq(lute)- On the Philippines the long boat-lute with two strings is still quite popular in some areas. It exists under
many different names, although they all look quite similar : kudlung, fagelung, hegalong, hagelung, kudyapi, kutyapi, kusyapi,
ketiyapi, etc. It is mainly called kudlung in the south and kudyapi in the north. For the kudyapi used by the Palawan tribe see
under.
Pagang(bamboo Zither)- Penan bamboo harp which is made of bamboo.

Peoples of Palawan

Palawan, the largest province inthe Philippines, is home toseveral indigenous ethnolinguistic groups:1. Batak- which means
"mountain people" in Cuyonon is a group ofindigenous Filipino people that resides in the northeast portionof Palawan. They
live in the rugged interiors of northeasternPalawan. Living close to nature, they are a peaceful and shypeople. These people
believe in nature spirits, with whom theycommunicate through a babaylan or medium.
Palaweos - Native-born lowland dwellers - They are religious, disciplined and have a highly developed community spirit -
Language : Cuyonon & Agutaynen3. Palawano - also known as Palawan, is one of the unique indigenous peoples of Palawan.
They are part of the large Manobo-based linguistic groups of southern Philippines. They traditionally hunt using soars and
bamboo blowguns. - The Taawt Bato means "people of the rock". They are not actually a separate language or ethnic group,
but rather a small community of traditional southwestern Palawanos .
Tagbanwa - or "people of the world," are found in central and northern Palawan. They practice shifting cultivation of upland
rice, which is considered a divine gift, and are known for their rice wine ritual called pagdiwata. Central Tagbanwas are found
in the western and eastern coastal areas of central Palawan. They are concentrated in the municipalities of Aborlan, Quezon,
and Puerto Princesa.


A Software is the collection of instructions, Programing or codding, which we can only see, Feel or can imagin about it`s logic.

A Hardware is the Physical component of the Computer system, Which we can touch.

A people is the user that interface between the computer hardware or computer software

Rules of Articles

Articles Rule 1: With singular count nouns, use 'a' if indefinite or "the" if definite.


My daughter wants to buy a dog this weekend. (Indefinite-It could be any dog)
The dog in the backyard is very cute.(Definite- The one in the backyard)


Examples

1. He requested a puppy for his birthday.
2. He wanted the puppy he played with at the pet shop.
3. She ordered a hamburger without onions.
4. Did you drink the coke I just ordered?

Articles Rule 2: With plural count nouns use either "the" or nothing, never 'a'.

1.Come and look at the children. (definite)
2.Children are always curious. (indefinite)
3.She loves flowers. (indefinite)
4.The flowers in her garden are beautiful. (definite)
5.Do you like reading grammar rules?
6.Do you like reading the grammar rules on this page?

Articles Rule 3: With non-count nouns, use either "the" or nothing.

He has experience. (if indefinite or mentioned for the first time)
He has the experience necessary for the job. (if definite or mentioned before)

1.The medicine the doctor prescribed had unpleasant side effects.
2.Writing in a second language is especially challenging.
3.Have you studied the history of South Africa?
4.History reminds us that events repeat themselves.

Articles Rule 4: If a plural or non-count noun is followed by [of + noun], "the" is preferred.

1.The languages of Asia are unrelated to English.
2.The wines of France are famous.
3.The birds of North America are beautiful.
4.X Museum of Art is having X exhibit of the paintings of Picasso.

Special Rules for Articles


1. Adjectives as Nouns

When referring to a group of people by use of an adjective rather than a noun, use "the".
the elderly the disabled the unemployed
the rich the sick the needy
the homeless the young the restless

2. Names of Countries

Some countries are preceded by "the", usually if the name is plural, contains an adjective, or includes "of".
The United States The Soviet Union The Republic of Congo
America Russia Spain
Japan Chine Mexico

3. Cities and Streets use nothing
Chicago Fifth Avenue San Francisco
Highway 5 London Kennedy blvd.

4. Rivers, Oceans, Seas, Groups of Mountains & Islands use "the"
the Amazon the Atlantic the Mediterranean
the Cascades the Hawaiian Islands the Bahamas

5. Numbers

Cardinal numbers(1,2,3) use nothing
World War 2 Page 7 Chapter 1
Mission 1 Paragraph 5 Channel 6

Ordinal numbers (1st,2nd,3rd) use "the"
The Second World War the seventh page the first chapter
the first mission the fifth paragraph the sixth channel

6. Titles of People

When a title is given with a name, use nothing
President Mitchael Queen Mary Professor Scott


When a title is used without a name, use "the"
The president the queen the professor

7.Schools

When a school has "of" in its title, use "the"
The University of Arizona The University of London Chapter 2

When a school does not have "of" in its title, use nothing
Lincoln High
School
Arizona State
University
Liverpool John Moores
University

8. Location versus Activity

When referring to an activity, use nothing
I am going to school now.(activity-study)
He is always on time for class. (activity-learn)


When referring to the location, use "the"

The meeting is at the school. (location-campus)
They are remodeling the movie theater. (location-building)
The new student had trouble finding the class. (location-classroom)

9. When the object is the only one that exists, use "the"
the earth the human race the world
the moon the sun the universe

10. When you use expressions that identify part of a larger group, use "the"

-One of the students
-None of the students
-Both of the students
-All of the students

Grammar Rules for Possessive Nouns
Five basic grammar rules cover the majority of instances where writers encounter possessive nouns.
Rule #1: Making singular nouns possessive
Add an apostrophe + s to most singular nouns and to plural nouns that do not end in s.
Youll use this rule the most, so pay particular attention to it. English has some words that are plural but do not
add an s. Words like children, sheep, women and men are such words. These plural words are treated as if they
were singular words when making noun possessives.
Examples:
Singular nouns: kittens toy, Joes car, MLBs ruling
Plurals not ending in s: womens dresses, sheeps pasture, childrens toys
Rule #2: Making plural nouns possessive
Add an apostrophe only to plural nouns that already end in s.
You dont need to add an extra s to plural nouns that already end with the letter s. Simply tuck the apostrophe
onto the end to indicate that the plural noun is now a plural possessive noun.
Examples:
Companies workers
Horses stalls
Countries armies
Rule #3: Making hyphenated nouns and compound nouns plural
Compound and hyphenated words can be tricky. Add the apostrophe + s to the end of the compound words or the
last word in a hyphenated noun.
Examples:
My mother-in-laws recipe for meatloaf is my husbands favorite.
The United States Post Offices stamps are available in rolls or in packets.
Rule #4: Indicating possession when two nouns are joined together
You may be writing about two people or two places or things that share possession of an object. If two nouns
share ownership, indicate possession only once, and on the second noun. Add the apostrophe + s to the second
noun only.
Examples:
Jack and Jills pail of water features prominently in the nursery rhyme.
Abbot and Costellos comedy skit Whos On First is a classic act.
Rule #5: Indicating possession when two nouns are joined, and ownership is separate
This is the trickiest of all, but thankfully youll probably need this rule infrequently. When two nouns indicate
ownership, but the ownership is separate, each noun gets the apostrophe + s. The examples below may help you
understand exactly what this means.
Example:
Lucys and Rickys dressing rooms were painted pink and blue. (Each owns his or her own dressing room, and
they are different rooms).
Senator Obamas and Senator Clintons educations are outstanding. (Each senator owns his or her education, but
they attained separate educations).

Possessive pronouns are those designating possession. They may also be used as substitutes for noun phrases,
and they are typically found at the end of a sentence or clause. There are only a few possessive pronouns in the
English language, and there are only two specific rules for using them correctly. Keep these rules in mind when
using possessive pronouns, and youll discover that writing properly is easier.
Like its name suggests, a possessive pronoun indicates ownership.
Possessive pronouns do not contain apostrophes.
A possessive pronoun is used to avoid repeating information that has already been made clear. These useful
pronouns make sentences less confusing, as youll see when you read the following sentences containing
examples of possessive pronouns.
Examples of Possessive Pronouns
The following sets of sentences illustrate how possessive pronouns provide clarity. Possessive pronoun examples
are italicized.
This is my cat, not your cat. (Sounds repetitive)
This cat is mine, not yours.
I didnt have my book so Jenny lent me her book. (Sounds repetitive)
I didnt have my book, so Jenny lent me hers.
Your car is a lot faster than my car. (Sounds repetitive)
Your car is a lot faster than mine.
Common Noun Examples
Possessive pronouns are often accompanied by common nouns. The following are some examples of common
nouns that are frequently used in the same sentences as possessive pronouns.
I
It
You
Me
This
That
Him
Her
They
We
Them

Indefinite Pronouns
Indefinite pronouns, like collective nouns, can be singular or plural, depending on how they are used in a sentence.
Singular indefinite pronouns take a singular verb; plural indefinite pronouns take a plural verb. Here are some
guidelines to follow:
Indefinite pronouns that end in -one are always singular. These words include anyone, everyone, someone, and one.
Indefinite pronouns that end in -body are always singular. These words include anybody, somebody, nobody.
The indefinite pronouns both, few, many, others, and several are always plural.
You Could Look It Up
Indefinite pronouns refer to people, places, objects, or things without pointing to a specific one. See Parts of
Speech for a complete description of indefinite pronouns.
The indefinite pronouns all, any, more, most, none, and some can be singular or plural, depending on how they are
used.


Demonstrative pronouns are easy to remember because they are often accompanied by a demonstration: when
we speak, we use our hands to show them. For the demonstrative pronouns this, that, these, and those, we point
with our finger or gesture with our hands in the general direction of the thing were talking about. For the
demonstrative pronouns none and neither, we often make a gesture implying rejection or emptiness.
This: singular and close to the speaker
Ill have this little chocolate cake.
That: singular and relatively far away from the speaker
Ill also have that strawberry cake, the one on the bottom shelf.
These: plural and close to the speaker
Ill have three of these walnut biscuits.
Those: plural and relatively far away from the speaker
Are those butter tarts? Ill have four of those, please.
How many sugar-free, all-natural cookies? None, thanks.

Numbers in English
In English, we have several different categories of numbers.
The main category is Cardinal numbers. Cardinal numbers are the regular ones: one, two, three, four, etc.
Id like to order fifteen pizzas, please.
Rome fell about 1600 years ago.
My phone number is 555-8593.
The Cardinal numbers can be used in the negative. This can be seen when reading about weather or financing, for
example.
Its minus ten degrees outside!
That cat is so stupid, I think his I.Q. is -4.
Catys bank balance is somewhere around -$100.
The next category of numbers is the Ordinal numbers. We use these to show the order of something, such as with
dates. They are based on the Cardinal numbers but have different endings.
The woman was in her ninth month of pregnancy and was feeling uncomfortably large.
Sasha came in third in the race.
He was born on May 5th.
Just as we can have negative numbers, we can also have parts of numbers; these are the fractions and decimals.
I only had half a cup of tea this morning.
The television screen took up two-thirds of the wall.
The average North American family is said to have 2.3 children.
The business annual income only increased by 0.7% last year.






























Talambuhay ni Jesse Robredo

Si Jesse Manalastas Robredo ay isang politikong Pilipino na
naglingkod bilang Kalihim ng Kagawaran ng Interyor at Pamahalaang
Lokal (DILG) sa administrasyon ni Pangulong Benigno Aquino III
mula 2010 hanggang sa kanyang kamatayan ngayong 2012. Dati ring
kasapi si Robredo ng Partido Liberal.
Simula noong 1988, naglingkod nang anim na taning si Robredo
bilang alkalde ng Lungsod ng Naga sa Camarines Sur, mula 1988
hanggang 1998, at muli mula 2001 hanggang 2010, noong siya'y
ipinili ni Pangulong Aquino bilang Kalihim ng Interyor at
Pamahalaang Lokal. Bilang pagkilala sa kaniyang tungkulin bilang
alkalde ng Lungsod ng Naga, ginawaran si Robredo ng Gawad Ramon
Magsaysay para sa Panunungkulan sa Pamahalaan noong 2000, ang
unang alkalde mula sa Pilipinas na ginawaran ng ganitong parangal.
Noong 18 Agosto 2012, ay nag Crash ang eroplanong sinasakyan ni
Kalihim Robredo sa may pampang ng Lungsod ng Masbate.
[2]

Nakatakda siyang umuwi sa Naga upang dalawin ang kaniyang anak
na lalahok sa isang paligsahan sa paglalangoy. Ayon sa DILG,
sumaklolo ang piloto ng eroplano sa Paliparan ng Masbate upang
humiling ng pahintulot na magsagawa ng pangkagipitang paglapag ng
eroplano. Gayunpaman, hindi naabutan ng eroplano ang paliparan at
lumapag ito sa dagat.
[3][4]
Nakunan naman ang bangkay ni Robredo
noong 21 Agosto, tatlong araw makatapos ang aksidente, sa lalim na
54 metro (180 talampakan) sa ilalim ng antas ng dagat