5.

SYMMETRICAL AND UNSYMMETRICAL FAULT ANALYSIS

AIM:
To become proficient in the usage of MATLAB to find the fault currents during
symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
MATLAB 7.8
ALGORITHM:
1. Get the following data
(a) Sub transient reactance values of generators.
(b) Positive sequence reactance values of transformers
(c) Positive sequence reactance values of transmission lines.
2. Form the Thevenins equivalent circuit under fault conditions.
3. Using the Thevenins equivalent circuit, find the fault currents for Symmetrical fault,
Single line to ground fault, Line to ground fault and Double line to ground fault.
STEPS TO BE FOLLOWED:
1. Open the power world simulator.
2. Open a new case in the file menu.
3. Draw the elements of single line diagram from the available blocks and enter the data
simultaneously
4. Simulate the required fault and solve short circuit studies.
5. Print the report.
6. Study the performance of the system for various fault conditions given below.
(i) Line ground fault
(ii) Line-Line fault
(iii) Double Line-ground fault






THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS:























EXERCISE:
1. The one line diagram of a simple power system is shown in the figure below .The neutral
of each generator is grounded through a current-limiting reactor of 0.25/3 p.u. on a 100
MVA base. The system data expressed in p.u. on a common 100 MVA base is tabulated
below. The generators are running on no-load at their rated voltage and rated frequency
with their emfs in phase.


gnd gnd

gnd

gnd T1 T2 gnd

1 2



3
Determine the fault current for the following faults.
(a) A balanced three phase fault at bus 3 through a fault impedance 1 . 0 j Z
f
p.u.
(b) A single line to ground fault at bus 3 through a fault impedance 10 . 0 j Z
f
p.u.
(c) A line to line fault at bus 3 through a fault impedance 1 . 0 j Z
f
p.u.
(d) A double line to ground fault at bus 3 through a fault impedance 1 . 0 j Z
f
p.u.

Item Base MVA Voltage
Rating
X
1
X
2
X
0
G1 100 20 kV 0.15 0.15 0.05
G2 100 20 kV 0.15 0.15 0.05
T1 100 20/220 kV 0.10 0.10 0.10
T2 100 20/220 kV 0.10 0.10 0.10
L12 100 220 kV 0.125 0.125 0.30
L13 100 220 kV 015 0.15 0.35
L23 100 220 kV 0.25 0.25 0.7125

G1 G2
THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS:
























OUTPUT:
(i) Single line to ground fault (SLG) at bus 3:
9174 . 0
2
3
1
3
0
3
j I I I p.u.
0
90 752 . 2
f
I
(ii) Line to Line fault (LL)to ground fault at bus 3
0
90 974 . 1
f
I
. . 0
. . 8579 . 1
. . 8579 . 1
0
3
2
3
1
3
u p I
u p j I
u p j I

(iii) Double line fault:
0
180 936 . 3
f
I
. . 6579 . 0
. . 9438 . 1
. . 6017 . 2
0
3
2
3
1
3
u p j I
u p j I
u p j I

(iv) Three phase balanced fault:
90 125 . 3
f
I . . 35 . 0
0
3
2
3
1
3
u p j I I I
625 . 1
875 . 1
25 . 0
31
23
12

I
I
I

RESULT:
Thus, the fault currents during Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical faults were calculated for
the given system and the results were verified using the Power World Simulator
REFERENCES:
1. Hadi Saadat, Power System Anaylsis, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing, Co.Ltd, New
Delhi, 2002.
2. Elgerd, Electric Energy System Theory-An Introduction, Tata Mc-Graw Hill
publishing co.ltd, New Delhi 2003.

THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS: