Summer C6A Group 2

1
1. You are required to carry out a series of tests on solution F and G in order to identify ions
present in the solutions.
Identification of F and G
You are provided with aqueous solutions of two compounds labelled F and G. You are required
to identify one cation and one anion in each. Carry out the following tests on F and G, recording
your observations and inferences in the spaces provided.
(a) To 1 cm
3
of F add aqueous sodium hydroxide drop by drop until no further change is
seen. Shake the test tube gently as you add the aqueous sodium hydroxide.
Observations Inference





(4)
(b) To 2 cm
3
of F add 6 drops of aqueous barium chloride followed by 10 drops of
hydrochloric acid.
Observations Inference





(3)
(c) Suggest the formula of the compound in F.



(1)
(d) (i) To 2 cm
3
of G add IO drops of aqueous sodium hydroxide. Shake the test tube
gently. Divide the contents of this tube between two test tubes and save for tests (ii)
and (iii).
Observation Inference





(1)
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2

(ii) To one portion of the mixture add 4 cm
3
of aqueous sodium hydroxide and shake
the mixture.
Observation Inference





(3)
(iii) To the second portion of the mixture add 4 cm
3
of aqueous ammonia and shake the
mixture.
Observation Inference





(2)
(e) To 2 cm
3
of G add 2 cm
3
of dilute nitric acid followed by a few drops of aqueous silver
nitrate.
Observation Inference





(2)
(f) To 2 cm
3
of G add 6 drops of dilute hydrochloric acid followed by 6 drops of aqueous
chlorine.
Observation Inference





(2)
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3

(g) Suggest the formula of the compound in G.



(1)
(Total 19 marks)

2. You are required to carry out a series of tests on two organic compounds, H and I. You are to
use information from the tests and spectroscopic data to identify H and I.
Identification of two organic compounds
The two organic compounds H and I contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only.
Carry out the following tests on H and I, recording your observations and inferences in the
spaces provided. In the Inferences column record the functional group, by name or formula, that
may be suggested by your observations. You are not expected to identify H and I in your
inferences.
(a) To 2 cm
3
of aqueous 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine add 6 drops of H and shake the test tube
gently
Observation Inference





(2)
(b) To 3 cm
3
of aqueous silver nitrate add aqueous sodium hydroxide drop by drop until a
grey precipitate is formed. Allow the precipitate to settle, then pour off as much as
possible of the supernatant liquid. To the precipitate add aqueous ammonia until the
precipitate just dissolves. Add 6 drops of H, shake the test tube gently and warm it in a
beaker of hot water.
Observation Inference





(2)
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Summer C6A Group 2
4

(c) The mass spectrum of compound H is shown below.
100
80
60
40
20
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e

I
n
t
e
n
s
i
t
y
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
m/e

Suggest a formula for the molecular ion for compound H based on its m/e value.
Write your answers in the table below.
Compound m/e value Full structural formula
Molecular ion
H

(2)
(d) To one sample of I add 1 cm
3
of aqueous sodium carbonate while shaking the test tube
gently.
Observation Inference





(2)
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5

(e) To the second sample of I add 1 cm
3
of ethanol followed by 4 drops of concentrated
sulphuric acid. Warm the mixture for about 1 minute in a beaker of hot water. Pour the
mixture into 50 cm
3
of aqueous sodium carbonate in a 100 cm
3
beaker.
Cautiously smell the contents of the beaker.
Observation Inference





(3)
(f) The mass spectrum of compound I is given below.
100
80
60
40
20
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e

I
n
t
e
n
s
i
t
y
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
m/e

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Suggest a formula for the molecular ion for compound I based on its m/e value.
Write your answers in the table below.
Compound m/e value Full structural formula
Molecular ion
I

(2)
(Total 13 marks)

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Summer C6A Group 2
7

3. You are required to measure the boiling temperature of liquid, J.
Measuring the boiling temperature of a liquid
You are provided with a sample of a liquid, J, with a boiling temperature between 70 C and 90
C, and a set of apparatus suitable for measuring the boiling temperature of J.
You are required to find the narrow temperature range within which J boils.
Heat
Thermometer
Sealed capillary tube
Rubber ring
Ignition tube
Water
Liquid being tested
Stirrer
Gauze
Tripod

Procedure
1. Place about 1 cm
3
of liquid J in the ignition tube and fix the tube to the side of the
thermometer using the rubber ring.
2. Clamp the thermometer in a beaker of water as shown in the diagram above.
3. Place the capillary tube in the ignition tube with its open end below the surface.
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4. Heat the water until its temperature is about 65 C, stirring all the time. Notice that small
bubbles slowly escape from the capillary tube. Then heat much more gently, still stirring,
until the stream of bubbles is rapid and continuous, at which point read the temperature
of the water bath and record it in Table 1. This is the boiling temperature of J. Stop
heating immediately.
5. Continue to stir the water bath as it cools and read the temperature at which bubbles stop
escaping from the capillary tube. Record the temperature in Table 1. This is the second
recording of the boiling temperature of J.
Table 1
Temperature rising Temperature falling
Boiling temperature/ C
Table 2 lists the boiling temperatures of three compounds.
Table 2
Compound Boiling temperature/ C
Butanal 76
Butanone 80
2-methylpropan-2-ol 83
(a) Suggest which, if any, of these compounds may be J.
...............................................................................................................................
(5)
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(b) Explain why you might be uncertain as to which of the three compounds is J, and suggest
reasons why this method of finding a boiling temperature may not correctly identify a
liquid. Suggest an improved method of finding boiling temperatures accurately.
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(5)
(Total 10 marks)

4. You are required to plan a procedure to prepare, purify and identify a derivative of a ketone.
Planning an experiment
Aldehydes and ketones may be able to be identified by chemical tests and by finding their
boiling temperature. However, if the identity of the aldehyde or ketone is still uncertain, a 2,4-
dinitrophenylhydrazine derivative may be prepared, purified and identified from its melting
temperature.
Plan a procedure by which you could identify a ketone by preparing, purifying and identifying
its 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivative. Include one safety precaution in your plan. Assume
that the ketone is one of those listed below. You are not expected to describe the technique for
measuring the melting temperature.
Propanone Butanone Pentan-3-one Pentan-2-one
Melting temperature of
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
derivative / C
126 116 156 144
You are not expected to carry out your planned procedure.
(Allow one lined page for the answer)
(Total 8 marks)


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