MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY

Unit I

1. A substance that deforms continuously by applications of smallest shear force is
a) Fluid
b) solid
c) both a & b
d) none of the above

2. The unit for pressure
a) Newton
b) Pascal
c) Joule
d) none of the above

3. Specific weight of water at 20
o
C is
a) 9810kg/m
3

b) 9810N/ m
3

c) 9.81kg/m
3

d) all the above

4. Force acts to hold two separate bodies together is termed as
a) adhesive
b) cohesive
c) visocity
d) surface tension

5. It is the measure of resistance to shearing motion
a) viscosity
b) surface tension
c) both a & b
d) capillary rise

6. The ratio of dynamic viscosity to mass density is termed as
a) kinematic viscosity
b) Dynamic viscosity
c) both A & B
d) none of the above

7. It measures the elasticity in fluid
a) Compressibility
b) Viscosity
c) Pressure
d) none the above

8. When the pressure measured above atmospheric pressure it is called
(a) Absolute pressure
(b) static pressure
(c) vacuum pressure
(d) gauge pressure

9. Calculate the density of petrol of specific gravity 0.7
a) 700kg/m
3

b) 0.7x13.6
c) 0.7/1000
d) none of the above
10. This is the type of flow in which the velocity at any given time does not change with respective to
space
a) Steady flow
b) Laminar flow
c) Uniform flow
d) Rotational flow


11. The volume of fluid flowing across the section per second is
a) discharge
a) velocity
b) accelaration
c) all the above

12. Continuity equation is
a) Q
1
=Q
2

b) A
1
V
1
= A
2
V
2

c) Q
1
/Q
2

d) a&b

13. It is a product of mass density and gravitational acceleration
a) mass density
b) specific weight
c) specific volume
d) specific gravity

14. When fluid mechanics is applied to fluid at rest is
a) Fluid statics
b) fluid dynamics
c) both(a)&(b)
d) none of the above

15. The volume of fluid flowing across the section per second is
a) density
b) velocity
c) accelaration
d) None of the above

16. An ideal fluid is defined as the fluid which
a) is compressible
b) is incompressible
c) is incompressible and non-viscous (inviscid)
d) has negligible surface tension.

17. Newtons law of viscosity states that
a) shear stress is directly proportional to the velocity
b) shear stress is directly proportional to velocity gradient
c) shear stress is directly proportional to shear strain
d) shear stress is directly proportional to the viscosity.

18. A Newtonian fluid is defined as the fluid which
a) is incompressible and non-viscous
b) obeys Newtons law of viscosity
c) is highly viscous
d) is compressible and non-viscous

19. Kinematic viscosity is defined as equal to
a) dynamic viscosity x density
b) dynamic velocity/density
c) dynamic viscosity x pressure
d) pressure x density

20. Specific weight of mercury is
a) 13.6kg/m
3

b) 13600N/ m
3

c) 136kg/m
3

d) all the above

21.The expression inverse of mass density is
a) mass density
b) specific gravity
c) specific volume
d) none of the above

22.The ratio of specific weight of liquid to specific weight of water is
a) specific gravity
b) specific weight
c) specific volume
d) all the above

23. The compressibility of the fluid is the reciprocal of
a) density
b) viscosity
c) bulk modulus
d) none the above

24. The bulk modulus of the fluid is the reciprocal of
a) compressibility
b) viscosity
c) pressure
d) none the above

25.In capillary rise the angle of contact between mercury and glass tube is
a) 0
o

b) 228
o

c) 60
o

d) none of the above

26. The Bernoulli's equation is based on the assumption that
a) there is no loss of energy of the liquid flowing
b) the velocity of flow is uniform across any cross-section of the pipe
c) no force except gravity acts on the fluid
d) all of the above

27. What is the unit of dynamic viscosity of a fluid termed 'poise' equivalent to?
a) dyne/cm2
b) gm s/cm
c) dyne s/cm2
d) gm-cm/s
28. What are the dimensions of kinematic viscosity of a fluid?
a) LT
-2

b) L
2
T
-1

c) ML-
1
T
-1

d) ML
-2
T
-2


29. Decrease in temperature, in general, results in
a) An increase in viscosities of both gases and liquids
b) A decrease in the viscosities of both liquids and gases
c) An increase in the viscosity of liquids and a decrease in that of gases
d) A decrease in the viscosity of liquids and an increase in that of gases

30. The hydrostatic law states that rate of increase of pressure in a vertical direction is equal to
a) density of the fluid
b) specific weight of the fluid
c) weight of the fluid
d) none of the above

31. The Bernoullis equation refers to conservation of
a) Mass
b) linear momentum
c) angular momentum
d) energy


Unit II

1.The loss of pressure head for the laminar flow through pipes varies
a) as the square of velocity
b) directly as the velocity
c) as the inverse of the velocity
d) none of the above

2. For the laminar flow between two parallel plates
a) the maximum velocity = 2.0 times the average velocity
b) the maximum velocity = 1.5 times the average velocity
c) the maximum velocity = 1.33 times the average velocity
d) none of the above

3. The velocity distribution in laminar flow through a circular pipe follow the
a) parabolic law
b) Linear law
c) Logarithmic law
d) None of the above

4. When the pipes are connected in series the total rate of flow
a) is equal to the sum of the rate of flow in each pipe
b) is equal to the reciprocal of the sum of the rate of flow in each pipe
c) is the same as flowing through each pipe
d) none of the above

5. Boundary layer on a flat plate is called laminar boundary layer if
a) Reynolds Number is less than 2000
b) Reynolds number is less than 4000
c) Reynolds number is less than 5 x 10
5

d) None of the above
6. Boundary layer thickness is the distance from the surface of the solid body in the direction
perpendicular to flow, where the velocity of fluid is equal to
a) free stream velocity
b) 0.9 times the free stream velocity
c) 0.99 times the free stream velocity
d) None of the above

7. The boundary layer separation takes place if
a) pressure gradient is zero
b) Pressure gradient is positive
c) Pressure gradient is negative
d) None of the above

8. Drag is defined as the force exerted by a flowing fluid on a solid body
a) in the direction of flow
b) perpendicular to the direction of flow
c) in the direction which is at an angle of 45 degree to the direction of flow
d) None of the above

9. Lift force is defined as the force exerted by a flowing fluid o a solid body
a) in the direction of flow
b) perpendicular to the direction of flow
c) at an angle of 45 degree to the direction of flow
d) None of the above

10. Hydraulic gradient line (H.GL.) represents the sum of
a) pressure head and kinetic head
b) kinetic head and datum head
c) pressure head, kinetic head and datum head
d) Pressure head and datum head.

11. Total energy line (T.E.L.) represents the sum of
a) pressure head and kinetic head
b) kinetic head and datum head
c) pressure head and datum head
d) Pressure head, kinetic head and. datum head.

12. When the pipes are connected in series. the total rate of flow
a) is equal to the sum of the rate of flow in each pipe
b) is equal to the reciprocal of the sum of the rate of flow in each pipe is
c) the same as flowing through each pipe
d) None of the above.

13. When the pipes are connected in parallel the total rate of flow
a) is equal to the sum of the rate of flow in each pipe
b) is equal to the reciprocal of the sum of the rate of flow in each pipe is
c) both of a & b
d) None of the above.

14. The boundary-layer takes place
a) for ideal fluids
b) for real fluids
c) for pipe flow only
d) for over flat plates only

15. The boundary layer is called turbulent boundary layer if.
a) Reynoldss number is more than 2000
b) Reynoldss number is more than 4000
c) Reynoldss number is more than 5 x 10
5

d) None of the above.

16. Laminar sub-layer exists in.
a) Laminar boundary layer region
b) Turbulent boundary layer region
c) Transition zone
d) none of the above.
17. The thickness of laminar boundary layer at a distance x from the leading edge over a flat plate
varies as
a) x
4
/
5

b) x
1/2

c) x
l/5

d) none of the above
18 .The thickness of turbulent boundary layer at a distance x from the leading edge over a flat plate
varies as
a) x
4/5

b) x
l/2

c) x
l/5

d) x
3/5


19. The separation of boundary layer
a) negative pressure gradient
b) positive pressure gradient
c) zero pressure gradient
d) none of the above.

20. Loss of head at the entrance of the pipe
a) 0.5 v
2
/2g
b) v
2
/2g
c) ( V
1
-V
2
)
2/
2g
d) none of the above

21. Loss of head at the exit of the pipe
a) 0.5 v
2
/3g
b) v
2
/2g
c) ( V
1
-V
2
)
2/
2g
d) none of the above

22. Loss of head at the sudden expansion of the pipe
a) 0.5 v
2
/3g
b) 2v
2
/2g
c) ( V
1
-V
2
)
2/
2g
d) none of the above

23. Energy Loss due to friction of the pipe is given by the Darcy formula is
a) 4flv
2
/d2g
b) 2v
2
/2g
c) ( V
1
-V
2
)
2/
g
d) none of the above
24. If a fluid jet discharging from a 50 mm diameter orifice has a 40 mm diameter at its vena contracta,
then its coefficient of contraction will be
a) 0.32
b) 0.64
c) 0.96
d) 1.64

25. The velocity distribution in laminar flow through a circular pipe follows the
a) Linear law
b) Parabolic
c) Cubic power law
d) Logarithmic law

26. The minimum value of friction factor f that can occur in laminar flow through a circular pipe is
a) 0.064
b) 0.032
c) 0.016
d) 0.008

27. Which of the following is used to measure the diacharge?
a) Current meter
b) Venturimeter
c) Pitot tute
d) Hotwire anemometer

28. The major loss of energy in long pipes is due to
a) Sudden enlargement
b) Sudden contraction
c) Gradual contraction or enlargement
d) friction

29. The ratio of average velocity to maximum velocity for steady laminar flow in circular pipes is
a)
b) 2/3
c) 3/2
d) 2
30. The distance from pipe boundary, at which the turbulent shear stress is one-third of wall shear
stress is
a) 1/3 R
b) R
c) 2/3 R
d) R
Unit IV

1. A pump is defined as a device which converts
a) Hydraulic energy into mechanical energy
b) Mechanical energy into hydraulic energy
c) Kinetic energy into mechanical energy
d) None of the above.

2. A turbine is a device which converts
a) Hydraulic energy into mechanical energy
b) Mechanical energy into hydraulic energy
c) Kinetic energy into mechanical energy
d) Electrical energy into mechanical energy
3. Efficiency of the jet of water having velocity V and striking a series of vertical plates moving with a
velocity u is maximum when
a) u = 2V
b) u= V/2
c) u=3V/ 2
d) u= 4V/2

4. The net head (H) on the turbine is given by
a) H= Gross Head + Head lost due to friction
b) H= Gross Head Head lost due to friction
c) H = Gross Head + V2/ 2g Head lost due to friction
d) None of the above

5. Hydraulic efficiency of a turbine is defined as the ratio
a) Power available at the inlet of turbine to power given by water to the runner
b) Power at the shaft of the turbine to power given by water to the runner
c) Power at the shaft of the turbine to the power at the inlet of turbine
d) None of the above

6. Mechanical efficiency of a turbine is the ratio of
a) Power at the inlet to the power at the shaft of turbine
b) Power at the shaft to the power given to the runner
c) Power at the shaft to power at the inlet of turbine
d) None of the above

7. The overall efficiency of a turbine is the ratio of
a) Power at the inlet of turbine to the power at the shaft
b) Power at the shaft to the power given to the runner
c) Power at the shaft to the power at the inlet of turbine
d) None of the above

8. A turbine is called impulse if at he inlet of the turbine
a) total energy is only kinetic energy
b) total energy is only pressure energy
c) total energy is the sum of kinetic energy and pressure energy
d) none of the above

9. Francis turbine is
a) an impulse turbine
b) a radial flow impulse turbine
c) an axial flow turbine
d) a reaction radial turbine

10. Flow ratio is defined as the ratio of
a) velocity of flow at inlet to the velocity given (2gH)


b) Velocity of runner at inlet to the velocity of flow at inlet
c) Velocity of runner to the velocity given by (2gH)


d) None of the above

11. The speed ratio foe Pelton wheel varies from
a) 0.45 to 0.50
b) 0.6 to 0.7
c) 0.3 to 0.4
d) 0.8 to 0.9

12. Unit speed is the speed of a turbine when it is working
a) under unit head and develops unit power
b) Under unit head and discharge one m3/ sec
c) Under unit head
d) None of the above

13. Unit discharge is the discharge of a turbine when
a) The head on turbine is unity and it develops unit power.
b) The head on turbine is unity and it moves at unit speed
c) The head on the turbine is unity
d) None of the above
14. Unit power is the power developed by a turbine when
a) head on turbine is unity and discharge is also unity
b) head = one metre and speed is unity
c) head on turbine is unity
d) one of the above

15. Main characteristics curves of a turbine means
a) Curves at constant speed
b) Curves at constant efficiency
c) Curves at constant head
d) None of the above

16. Operating characteristics curves of a turbine means
a) curves drawn at constant head
b) Curves at constant speed
c) Curves at constant efficiency
d) None of the above

17. Governing of a turbine means
a) The head is kept constant under all condition of working
b) The speed is kept constant under all conditions
c) The discharge is kept constant under all constants
d) None of the above

18. A turbine is called impulse if at he inlet of the turbine
a) total energy is only kinetic energy
b) total energy is only pressure energy
c) total energy is the sum of kinetic energy and pressure energy
d) none of the above

19. Kaplan Turbine is
a) an impulse turbine
b) a radial flow impulse turbine
c) an axial flow reaction turbine
d) a radial flow reaction turbine

20. Flow ratio is defined as the ratio of
a) velocity of flow at inlet to the velocity given (2gH)


b) Velocity of runner at inlet to the velocity of flow at inlet
c) Velocity of runner to the velocity given by (2gH)


d) None of the above

21. Unit speed is the speed of a turbine when it is working
a) under unit head and develops unit power
b) Under unit head and discharge one m3/ sec
c) Under unit head
d) None of the above

22. Unit discharge is the discharge of a turbine when
a) The head on turbine is unity and it develops unit power.
b) The head on turbine is unity and it moves at unit speed
c) The head on the turbine is unity
d) None of the above

23. Main characteristics curves of a turbine means
a) Curves at constant speed
b) Curves at constant efficiency
c) Curves at constant head
d) None of the above

24. Operating characteristics curves of a turbine means
a) curves drawn at constant head
b) Curves at constant speed
c) Curves at constant efficiency
d) None of the above

25. The manometer head (Hm) of a centrifugal pump is given by
a) Pressure head at outlet of pump pressure head at inlet
b) Total head at inlet total head at outlet
c) Total head at outlet- total head at inlet
d) None of the above

Unit V

1.The discharge through a single acting reciprocating pump is
a) Q= ALN / 60
b) Q= 2ALN/ 60
c) Q= ALN
d) Q= 2ALN
2. Mechanical efficiency of a centrifugal pump is given by
a) Power at the impeller / S.H.P.
b) S.H.P./ Power at he impeller
c) Power possessed by water / power at the impeller
d) Power possessed water / S.H.P.

3. To discharge a large quantity of liquid by multi- stage centrifugal pump the impellers are connected
a) in parallel
b) in series
c) in parallel and in series
d) None of the above

4. Specific speed of a pump is the speed at which a pump runs when
a) head developed is unity and discharge is one cubic metre
b) head developed is unity and shaft horse power is also unity
c) discharge is one cubic metre and shaft horse power is unit.
d) None of the above

5. Air vessel in a reciprocating pump is used
a) To obtain a continuous supply of water at uniform rate
b) To increase suction head
c) To increase the delivery head
d) none of the above

6. The change in moment of fluid due to flow along a curved path results in
a) a change in pressure
b) torque
c) a change in the total energy
d) none of the above

7. Which of the following is an example of free vortex flow?
a) a whirlpool in a river
b) Flow of liquid in centrifugal pump casing
c) Flow of liquid through a hole provided at the bottom of a container
d) All of the above

8. With respect to a reciprocating pump which of the following statements is incorrect?
a) The limiting value of separation pressure head for water is 6.8 m ( absolute)
b) During suction, the separation may take place at the beginning of suction stroke
c) During delivery the separation may take place at the end of delivery
d) Indicator diagram shows variation of pressure head in the cylinder for one revolution of crank

9. Reciprocating pumps are most suited where
a) Constant heads are required on mains despite fluctuation in discharge
b) Operating speeds are much high
c) Constant supplies are required regardless of pressure fluctuations
d) None of the above.

10. Which of the following statements is incorrect for a reciprocation pump?
a) The reciprocating pump is essentially a low speed machine
b) The percentage of power saved by fitting air vessels is more in a double acting than in a single
acting pump.
c) The reciprocating pumps can handle only low viscosity liquids free from impurities.
d) None of the above

11. In a reciprocating pump the air vessels are used for which of the following purposes?
a) To get continuous supply of liquid at a uniform rate.
b) To save the power required to drive the pump
c) To run the pump at much higher speed without any danger of separation
d) All of the above

12. Which of the following types of impeller is used for centrifugal pumps dealing with muds?
a) One side shrouded
b) Two sides shrouded
c) Double section
d) Open
13. Which of the following statements is correct with reference to an impeller with backward curved
vanes?
a) It has a falling head discharge characteristic
b) It has a rising head discharge characteristic
c) It is easier to fabricate
d) It cannot run at speeds other than the design speed.

14. The delivery valve while starting centrifugal pump is kept
a) Fully closed
b) Fully open
c) Half open
d) In any position

15. Which of the following is not a dimensionless parameter?
a) Friction factor
b) Specific speed
c) Thomas cavitations parameter
d) Pressure co efficient

16. Higher specific speeds (160 to 500) of centrifugal pump indicate that the pump is of
a) Radial flow type
b) Axial flow type
c) Mixed flow type
d) All of above

17. The machine can rise the fluid pressure upto 1 atm. is called
a) Fan
b) Blower
c) Compressor
d) Pump

18. The delivery valve while starting centrifugal pump is kept
a) Fully open
b) Half open
c) In any position
d) None of the above
19. Manometric efficiency of the centrifugal pump
a) The ratio between Manometric head and the head imparted by the impeller to water
b) The ratio between Manometric head and power at the shaft
c) The ratio between Manometric head and the power output of the pump
d) None of the above

20. Overall efficiency of the centrifugal pump
a) The ratio between Manometric head and the head imparted by the impeller to water
b) The ratio between power at the impeller and power at the shaft
c) The ratio between the power output of the pump and the power input to the pump
d) None of the above

21. Slip of reciprocating pump is
a) The difference between theoretical and actual discharge of the pump
b) The ratio between theoretical and actual discharge of the pump
c) The ratio between actual and theoretical discharge of the pump
d) None of the above

21. Negative slip of reciprocating pump is
a) The difference between actual and theoretical discharge of the pump
b) The ratio between theoretical and actual discharge of the pump
c) The ratio between actual and theoretical discharge of the pump
d) None of the above

22. Negative slip of reciprocating pump occurs when
a) Delivery pipe is short
b) Suction pipe is long
c) pump is running at high speed
d) all of the above

23. If the water is in contact with one side of the piston the reciprocating pump is called
a) Double acting
b) Single acting
c) Both of a & b
d) None of the above

24. If the water is in contact with both sides of the piston the reciprocating pump is called
a) Double acting
b) Double stage
c) Both of a & b
d) None of the above

25. The discharge through a double acting reciprocating pump is
a. Q= ALN / 60
b. Q= 2ALN/ 60
c. Q= ALN
d. Q= 2AL

26. Which one is the best example for rotodynamic pump?
a) Gear pump
b) Vane pump
c) Reciprocating pump
d) Centrifugal pump

27. The vane angle made in centrifugal pump at inlet is _______________
a) Between relative velocity vector and flow velocity vector
b) Between absolute velocity vector and flow velocity
c) Between flow velocity and tangential velocity vector
d) Between relative velocity vector and tangential velocity vector

28. The gear pump is worked as ________ pump
a) Centrifugal
b) Reciprocating
c) Rotary
d) Piston