PT INCO Ni Laterite Block Modeling - 2010!08!23

PT.
International Nickel Indonesia Mines & Exploration

PT. INTERNATIONAL NICKEL INDONESIA
LATERITE GEOLOGICAL BLOCK MODELING
AND RESOURCE ESTIMATION
Mineral Resources & Mineral Reserves Group PT.INCO, August 2010
PT. International Nickel Indonesia Mines & Exploration
Presentation Outlines
1. Regional & Local Geology
2. Introduction: Block Modeling & Resource Estimation
3. Data Validation and Geological Validation
4. Geological Domaining and EDA
5. Wireframing, Sample Selection and Compositing
6. Variography
7. Estimation Parameters
8. Block Model Check
9. Volume Variance Correction
10.Ore definition
11.Resource Classification
Regional & Local Geology
J akarta
Makassar
peridotites that have been
serpentinised to varying
degrees.
In Sorowako and Petea
the rocks are dominantly
harzburgite and lherzolite
with lesser dunite and rare
pyroxenite.
Geomorphology
Sorowako
Petea
Matano Lake
Towuti Lake
West Type Deposit - Profile
West Type Deposit Bedrock Pinnacle
East Type Deposit - Profile
Ore Type Classification
CLASS PARAMETERS WEST BLOCK ORE TYPES EAST BLOCK & PETEA ORE TYPES
Main ore types -1Type-1 -1Type-2 -1Type-3 -1Hi Olivine -1Lo Olivine -6 -18
Ultramafic rock Generally harzburgite with some dunite Generally lherzolite at Sorowako East Block; generally harzburgite at Petea.
Level of serpentinisation Nil <5% Low5-10% Low10-15% Low10-15% Medium15-25% High 30-60% V.High >60%
Magnetic susceptibility Very low Generally low Very high
SiO
2
/MgO ratio 2.2 2.6 1.8 2.0 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.6
Iron content High: 20-24% High: 20-24% Low: 15-18%
Optimum screen size -1 -1 -1 -6 -18
Screen rec. ROM to DKP 25-30% 35% 35% 50% 60%
Alternate screen size No alternate size available No alternate size -6 -18 Entire ROM
Screen recovery at alternate size No alternate size available No alternate size 50% 60% 67%
Hardness of boulders Extremely hard Very hard Medium hard Medium hard Soft Soft
Fracture density Very low Medium Medium Medium High Very high Very high
Difficulty of mining High Medium(+) Medium(-) Low Low Low Low
Saprolite thickness (auger) <1.5m 1.54.5 m >4.5m Note used for classifying East Block ore types
Olivine content in the benf. ore Medium Medium Medium Low Low Low Low
Olivine content in the rocky frc. High High Low Low Low
OB thickness Medium Generally high except at Petea
Ore thickness High Medium
Geological Block Modeling
and
Resource Estimation
PT.INCO Strategic Mineral Resources &
Mineral Reserves
Exploration
PTI MRMR
Mine Planning / Design
Public Reporting
(Stock Exchanges)
Project Development Expansion Projects
LOM
PTI Strategic Planning
Introduction
The following slides summarized the geological block modeling and
resources estimation activity at PT International Nickel
Indonesia. Improvement and development are conducted
continuously based on:
1. The yearly MRMR readiness assessment and review
2. An external audit findings and recommendations; AMEC (2005,
2007, 2008) and Golder (2010)
3. Continuous studies to support the operation and to improve
resources estimation best practices.
PT.INCO Block Models
Block model production
increases as the
exploration, drilling
activities, and project
development increase in
all PTI concession area.
PT. INCO Block Models
29
21
23
40
69
33
20
14
12
24
25
35
3 3 3 3
6 6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Year
F
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
block model week manpower
Block Modeling duration increases as
there are improvements in best practice
protocols and raising of major and trace
elements
Notes:
2004-2005 Sorowako Project Area (SPA)
2006 SPA and Bahodopi
2007 SPA, Bahodopi, and Pomalaa
2008 SPA, Bahodopi, Pomalaa, SOA, and SCD
Introduction
Key Factors:
1. The quality of the interpretation (geological domaining) and
subsequent modelling is predicated by a thorough validation of
the drill hole data with emphasis on chemistry.
2. The quality of the geologic interpretations/wire frames will
reflect on the quality of the block model and any conclusions
derived from it.
3. There is no sophisticated geostatistic technique to correct for
a poor interpretation. Be rigorous in validating the resultant
models as mistakes are easy to make but at times hard to
detect.
PT.INCO Resource Estimation General Flow
Exploration Project
(geological interpretation, mapping, sampling, drilling, logging)
Sample House
(sample preparation, acquire assays data, sample QAQC)
Geo-Evaluation & Validation
(acquire drill hole data, geological domains & validation)
3D Modeling & Estimation
(peer review & technical report)
Lab. Process & Technology
Reporting & Classification
(Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves)
Pit Designing & Planning
Reconciliation
PT. INCO Block Modeling General Flow
Grade Estimation (OK)
Assays & Collars
Ore Definition Ni Volume Variance Correction
Data Preparation Create Drillhole
Wireframing
Sample Selection & Compositing Block Model Prototype
Unfold Composite Samples
Output: Final Block Model with Grade and Product
Parameters: Cut-off Grade,
Ore and Waste Thickness
Prepare Block Model to Vulcan format
Output: Block Model Ready to be Imported to Vulcan
Geo-Evaluation &
Data Validation
Geological Domaining &
Exploratory data analysis
Yes
No
Variography and
Estimation Parameters
Technical Report
& Peer Review
Automatic Check
Visual Check
Check using tool
Validation
F
a
t
a
l

F
l
a
w
Grade Estimation (NN)
Drill hole Database & Data Validation
Create Assays Data Definition Create Collars Data Definition
Read Assays
Input: Assays Input: Collars
Set Grades value < 0.001 to blanks
Output: Assays.dm Output: Collars.dm
Create Drill holes Database
Output: Drill holes Database (Holes.dm);
Drill Holes summary; Drill Holes Errors
Statistics
Univariate Statistics of Assays
V
e
r
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
Visual
Check
Read Collars
HQ3 ~ 2.406
-1" FRAC -6" FRAC TOT FRAC
REC1 REC6 RECTOT
DW1 DW6 DWTOT
NI1 NI6 NITOT
CO1 CO6 COTOT
FE1 FE6 FETOT
SIO21 SIO26 SIO2TOT
MGO1 MGO6 MGOTOT
CR1 CR6 CRTOT
AL1 AL6 ALTOT
MN1 MN6 MNTOT
CA1 CA6 CATOT
H2O1 H2O6 H2OTOT
Geo Validation
- geological error.
- collars error against topography.
Topography
Fe-MgO
Geological Domain & EDA
What do we look for?
- Does volume properly isolate the
domain being evaluated?
- Is it consistent with the geological
control rule?
Only related sample should be used
and dont want to mix population
What do we look for: Outliers, trends, mixed population, bias of any sort & systematic
Why it is important: Garbage in Garbage out
indication of misclassification
Geological Model
- topography as top of limonite
- topography as reference for underlying layers
Wireframing Use GPR (Development)
GPR testing at Songko, J anuary 2010
GPR testing at Songko Quary, J anuary 2010
Drillhole only for Wireframing
Drillhole & GPR for Wireframing
slagc
Bloulder
Soft material
Limonite
Saprolite
Bedrock
Sample Composite
Drill holes Database
Capture samples in layer limonite, saprolite and bedrock
Parameters: composite length,
minimum gap, maximum gap,
minimum composite length
Limonite samples Saprolite samples Bedrock samples
Composite Drill holes samples
Composited Limonite Composited Saprolite Composited Bedrock Check compositing
Sample regularization
Unfolding
Truncated
Proportional
Unfolding illustrations
Transforms a set of
Cartesian Coordinate
System into Unfolded
Coordinate System [UCS] as
defined by a stratified
geological unit.
Unfold make a spatial
correlation in a proportional
space and geometry.
Variography
- 11 elements of experimental variogram in each layer.
- Variogram map to evaluate degree of anisotropy.
- Zonal anisotropy treatment .
What do we look for?
- Quality of the experimental variograms
- Sill vs sample variance
- Appropriate model(s) used
- Appropriate Ranges
Why is it important?
- Variogram is foundation of geostatistics
- Used as a critical input to Kriging
- Used to determine weights in estimation
- Process is Data driven
Estimation Parameters
Estimation parameter
Search strategy
Search ellipsoid
The search strategy should
be honored the drillhole
spacing
Block Model Check
What do we look for:
- Does the model honor the sample data?
- Does the model honor the search ranges?
- Do all the blocks have been estimated?
Why is it important:
- Verify that the estimation parameters were appropriate?
- Verify that the correct data was used?
Block Model Check
Nave QQ Plot
Parallel Modeling: Regardless of
the method, the global mean should
still be the same.
Global Descriptive Statistics
Block Model Check
NN Model
OK Model
Visual Inspection Plan View
Plan view visual inspection.
Compare the grade distribution
in NN and OK model. Make
sure the estimation run
correctly
Block Model Check
Visual Inspection Section View
Compare the grade distribution in NN and OK model. Make sure the estimation run correctly.
NN Model
OK Model
Volume Variance Correction
Regression methods such as Kriging may result in an over-smoothing or under-smoothing of
the grade variability producing a block grade distribution with a variance that is lower or higher
than expected. This expected variance can be calculated using Kriges relationship which
states that the dispersion variance for the samples within the deposit is the sum of the
dispersion variance of samples within the blocks and the dispersion variance of the blocks
within the deposit
To capture the variability within short range (distance), the close space drilling is needed. Also
regarding the SMU, the variability within the sort range is needed as the references for the variance
inside the SMU.
Volume Variance Correction
volume variance
calculation
OK
NN
COR
Limonite Saprolite
OK
NN
COR
Block Model Ore Definition
Estimated
Block Model
Create Simulated Drill holes
Composite Simulated Drill holes in zone LIMONITE and SAPROLITE
Using ORE and WASTE criteria
Parameters:
Cut-off Grade (cog),
Minimum Ore Thickness,
Maximum Waste Thickness
Assign ORE and WASTE products to composite using cog
Merge with original simulated Drill holes
Reclassify WASTE above ORE became OB and
WASTE below ORE became BZ
Assign BZ product to all bedrock composite
Create Block Model Product
PRODUCT
Block Model
Block Model Transfer
Datamine Block Model
Block Model converted to Vulcan
The block model ready for external peer
review by:
- Long-term plan mine engineer
- Grade control geologist
If there is no serious findings, the block
model approved by MRMR geologist,
Mine engineers and Grade Control
geologist as valid block model.
Peer review MRMR, LTP, GC
Resource Classification
Current resource classification criteria: Current resource classification criteria:
+/ +/- -15% on tonnes and grade on a quarterly basis for measured, on 15% on tonnes and grade on a quarterly basis for measured, on
an annual basis for indicated and on a global basis for inferred an annual basis for indicated and on a global basis for inferred (90% (90%
level of confidence) level of confidence)
PTI criteria: 25 or 50m for measured, 100m for indicated PTI criteria: 25 or 50m for measured, 100m for indicated
Measured Indicated Inferred
Drill spacing (m) 25 or 50 100 200
Sampling type Core drill Core drill Core and/or Auger drill
Other improvement in resource classification: Other improvement in resource classification:
Geostatistical drilling Geostatistical drilling
Steep slope denser drilling Steep slope denser drilling
PT.INCO Mineral Resources & Mineral Reserves
Mineral Reserves
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
D
K
P

(
M
t
)
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
MRMR (year)
PTI Mineral Resources
Measured Indicated Inferred
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
D
K
P

(
M
t
)
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
MRMR (year )
PTI Mineral Reserves
Proven Probable
Mineral Resources
THANK YOU
THANK YOU

PT INCO Ni Laterite Block Modeling - 2010!08!23

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