8/25/2014 Line of Control - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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The areas shown in green are the two
Pakistani-controlled areas: GilgitBaltistan
in the north and Azad Jammu and
Kashmir (AJK) in the south. The area
shown in orange is the Indian-controlled
state of Jammu and Kashmir, and the
diagonally-hatched area to the east is the
Chinese-controlled area known as Aksai
Chin.
United Nations map of the Line of
Control. The LOC is not defined near
Siachen Glacier.
Line of Control
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The term Line of Control (LOC) known as Asia's Berlin
wall,
[1][2]
refers to the military control line between the Indian and
Pakistani-controlled parts of the former princely state of Jammu
and Kashmira line which, to this day, does not constitute a
legally recognized international boundary but is the de facto
border. Originally known as the "Cease-fire Line", it was
redesignated as the "Line of Control" following the Simla
Agreement, which was signed on 3 July 1972. The part of the
former princely state that is under Indian control is known as the
State of Jammu and Kashmir. The two parts of the former princely
state that are under Pakistani control are known as GilgitBaltistan
and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). Its northernmost point is
known as the NJ9842.
Another cease-fire line, one that separates the Indian-controlled
state of Jammu and Kashmir from the Chinese-controlled area
known as Aksai Chin, lies further to the east and is known as the
Line of Actual Control (LAC). It has been referred to as one of
the most dangerous places in the world.
[3][4]
Contents
1 Legacy
2 Pakistani and Indian positions
2.1 Pakistani position
2.2 Indian position
3 Indian Line of Control fencing
4 See also
5 References
6 Further reading
Legacy
The Line of Control divided Kashmir into two parts and closed the
Jehlum valley route, the only entrance and exit of the Kashmir Valley
at that time. This territorial division which, to this day still exists
severed many villages and separated family members from each
other.
[5][6]
The landmines planted by the Army alongsides of the line
have killed scores of innocent people and left thousands as disabled.
Without compensation, these disabled persons in the Indian Kashmir are fighting hard for their survival.
[7]
During
Coordinat es: 3456N 7646E
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Predominant Religions in NW British
India 1909
2008 Kashmir unrest, the Hindu extremist groups and the supporters of Bharatiya Janata Party blocked the
Srinagar-Jammu National highway (NH 1A). The only national highway which today connects Kashmir Valley
to the rest of India remained closed for several days which put essential commodities on halt and resulted in
widespread protest against the Indian control.
[8][9][10]
In response to the blockade, on 11 August 2008, under
the leadership of Sheikh Abdul Aziz, 50,000 to 250,000 Kashmiri protesters attempted to cross the Line of
Control to Muzaffarabad. The protesters were stopped at Uri which resulted in killing of fifteen people and
hundreds injured when police and Indian paramilitary forces fired on protesters.
[11][12][13]
A slogan raised by
the protesters was, Khooni lakir tod do aar paar jod do (Break down the blood-soaked Line of Control let
Kashmir be united again).
[14]
Pakistani and Indian positions
Pakistani position
The Pakistan Declaration of 1933 had envisioned the princely state of
Jammu and Kashmir as one of the "five Northern units of India" that
were to form the new nation of Pakistan, on the basis of its Muslim
majority. Pakistan still claims the whole of Kashmir as its own
territory, including Indian-controlled Kashmir. India has a different
perspective on this interpretation.
Indian position
Maharaja Hari Singh, King of the princely state of Jammu and
Kashmir agreed to Governor-General Mountbatten's
[15][16]
suggestion to sign the Instrument of Accession India demanded
accession in return for assistance. India claimed that the whole
territory of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir had become
Indian territory (India's official posture) due to the accession, it claims
the whole region including Azad Kashmir territory as its own.
Indian Line of Control fencing
The Indian Line of Control fencing is a 550 km (340 mi) barrier along the 740 km (460 mi) disputed 1972
Line of Control (or ceasefire line). The fence, constructed by India, generally remains about 150 yards on the
Indian-controlled side. Its stated purpose is to exclude arms smuggling and infiltration by Pakistani-based
separatist militants.
[17]
The barrier itself consists of double-row of fencing and concertina wire eight to twelve feet (2.43.7 m) in
height, and is electrified and connected to a network of motion sensors, thermal imaging devices, lighting systems
and alarms. They act as "fast alert signals" to the Indian troops who can be alerted and ambush the infiltrators
trying to sneak in. The small stretch of land between the rows of fencing is mined with thousands of
landmines.
[18][19]
The construction of the barrier was begun in the 1990s, but slowed in the early 2000s as hostilities between
India and Pakistan increased. After a November 2003 ceasefire agreement, building resumed and was
completed in late 2004. LoC fencing was completed in Kashmir Valley and Jammu region on 30 September
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2004.
[20]
According to Indian military sources, the fence has reduced by 80% the numbers of militants who
routinely cross into the Indian side of the disputed state to attack soldiers.
[21]
Pakistan has criticized the construction of the barrier, saying it violates both bilateral accords and relevant United
Nations resolutions on the region.
[22]
While The European Union has supported India's stand calling the fencing
as "improvement in technical means to control terrorists infiltration." also pointing that the Line of
Control has been delineated in accordance with the 1972 Shimla agreement.
[22]
See also
Wagah international border crossing between India and Pakistan
Indo-Bangladeshi barrier
Line of Actual Control
Kashmir conflict
Actual Ground Position Line
Wakhan
Siachen conflict
References
1. ^ "LOC will fall like Berlin wall Yasin Malik" (http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/2012/May/14/loc-will-fall-
like-berlin-wall-yasin-malik-95.asp). greaterkashmir.com. Retrieved 2013-06-19.
2. ^ "Breaching Asia's Berlin wall" (http://www.khaleejtimes.com/Displayarticle.asp?
xfile=data/editorial/2005/October/editorial_October68.xml&section=editorial&subsection=editorial).
khaleejtimes.com. Retrieved 2013-06-19.
3. ^ Analysis: The world's most dangerous place? (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/687021.stm)
4. ^ 'Most dangerous place' (http://hindu.com/thehindu/2000/03/11/stories/01110006.htm)
5. ^ Ranjan Kumar Singh, Sarhad: Zero Mile, (Hindi), Parijat Prakashan, ISBN 81-903561-0-0
6. ^ Women in Security, Conflict Management, a Peace (Program) (2008). Closer to ourselves: stories from the
journ towards peace in South Asia (http://books.google.co.in/books?
q=line+of+control+separated+villages+families+relatives+in+kashmir&btnG=Search+Books). WISCOMP,
Foundation for Universal Responsibility of His Holiness the Dalai Lam 2008. p. 75. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
7. ^ "Mines of war maim innocents" (http://tehelka.com/mines-of-war-maim-innocents/). tehelka.com. Retrieved
2013-06-19.
8. ^ Masoodi, Nazir; Razdan, Nidhi (2008-06-24). "J&K tense over land transfer to Amarnath shrine"
(http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?
id=NEWEN20080054234&ch=6/24/2008%209:54:00%20PM). NDTV. Retrieved 2013-06-19.
9. ^ "Its not Jammu or Kashmir" (http://www.hindustantimes.com/special-news-report/News-Feed/It-s-not-
Jammu-or-Kashmir/Article1-329067.aspx). hindustantimes.com. Retrieved 2013-06-19.
10. ^ "Protests in Delhi over Amarnath land transfer row" (http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/politics/protests-
in-delhi-over-amarnath-land-row_10065628.html). thaindia.com. Retrieved 2013-06-19.
11. ^ Troops open fire as 250,000 march to Muzaffarabad: APHC leader Sheikh Aziz killed
(http://www.dawn.com/2008/08/12/top4.htm)
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Further reading
Ranjan Kumar Singh, Sarhad: Zero Mile, (Hindi), Parijat Prakashan, ISBN 81-903561-0-0
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Line_of_Control&oldid=617991012"
Categories: Independent India History of Jammu and Kashmir IndiaPakistan border Border barriers
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12. ^ Amarnath row: 5 killed in firing at march to PoK (http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-08-
11/india/27890661_1_srinagar-muzaffarabad-pulwama-kashmir-valley)
13. ^ Tensions rise as Kashmiri leader Sheikh Abdul Aziz shot dead
(http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article4507868.ece)
14. ^ Arundhati Roy (2008). Aazadi for Kashmir (http://books.google.co.in/books?
id=QDEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA23&dq=line+of+control+in+kashmir+most+inhumane&output=html_text&cd=3)
. Outlook publishing. p. 23. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
15. ^ Viscount Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of British India, stayed on in independent India from 1947 to
1948, serving as the first Governor-General of the Union of India.
16. ^ Stein, Burton. 1998. A History of India. Oxford University Press. 432 pages. ISBN 0-19-565446-3. Page
368.
17. ^ "cross-border infiltration and terrorism" (http://news.indiainfo.com/2004/12/16/1612locmukherjee.html)
18. ^ "LoC fencing in Jammu nearing completion"
(http://www.hindu.com/2004/02/01/stories/2004020109130800.htm). The Hindu. Feb 1, 2004. Retrieved 23
June 2012.
19. ^ "Mines of war maim innocents" (http://www.tehelka.com/story_main49.asp?
filename=Ne3000411Mines.asp). Tehelka.
20. ^ "LoC fencing completed: Mukherjee" (http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-12-
16/india/27151889_1_loc-fencing-infiltration-barak). The Times Of India. 16 December 2004.
21. ^ "Harsh weather likely to damage LoC fencing" (http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_4-3-
2005_pg7_41). Daily Times. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
22. ^
a

b
"EU criticises Pak's stand on LoC fencing" (http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?
newsid=26872). Express India. Dec 16, 2003. Retrieved 23 June 2012.