LESSON

2
LECTURE
COMPONENTS CONSTRUCTION AND
DESIGN
SUB-OBJECTIVE
At the end of the Lesson the Tranees !"" #e a#"e to des$r#e !tho%t error
$o&'onents $onstr%$ton and des(n)
*)+ EVAPORATOR
The evaporator shell is a rectangular vessel and consists of 19 flash stages
with a partition plate between each successive stage. The first 16 stages form
the heat recovery section and the last 3, stages form the heat rejection
section. For !"1 desal units ## stages for !"1 desal units. The first 19
stages form the heat recovery section and the last 3 stages form the heat
rejection section. $ee %"#"#.
&ach stage contains a single bundle of condensing tubes with a water bo' at
each end.
(nside each stage there is a flashing device, a demister, a distillate tray and a
distillate trough. The flashing device has a series of mechanically adjustable
orifices to allow regulation of the brine level at each stage.
See ,() --2-*) Te$hn$a" data of the e.a'orator)
,() --2-*)
MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE MODULE 8
LESSON 2 PAGE 1 DESALINATION
(tem )o. (*F+1,1 " -*F+1,1
)ame &vaporator
Type ross tube type, multi"stage flash evaporator with brine recirculating
system.
)o. of $tages!eat recovery section 16 stages
!eat rejection section 3 stages
Total 19 stages
.esign Temp. Flash chamber side
" recovery 1#/ 0
" rejection 1#/ 0
"Tube side
" recovery 1#/ 0
" rejection 1+ 0
.esign ressure Flash chamber side 1 bar 2 and full vacuum
"Tube side
" recovery 9./6 bar 2 and full vacuum
" rejection +./ bar 2
!eat transfer 3rea " !eat recovery section 46,%%/ m5
" !eat rejection section 9,#%% m5
)o. of Tubes " !eat recovery section 63,31#
" !eat rejection section 4,+%1
Tube length " !eat recovery section 1+,1// mm
" !eat rejection section 1+,/// mm
Tube $ide " !eat recovery section #+.6 mm 6-..7 ' 1./ mm
thic8ness.
!eat rejection section #6./ mm 6-..7 ' 1.# mm
6Thic8ness7
!ydrostatic test Flash chamber side 1.+ bar 2 at the top pressure
tube side.
" recovery 13.+9 bar 2
" rejection 4.+ bar 2
.imensions 3,%// mm 6!eight7 '
11,1// mm 6*idth7 '
+%,/1/ mm 69ength7
*eight &mpty 1,41/ ton
.uring operation #,%#/ ton
Flooded +,13/ ton
MODULE 8 MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE
DESALINATION LESSON 2 PAGE 2
,() --2-2) / --2-0) E.a'orator 1Sta(e No) *2 *-3 / *4)5
MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE MODULE 8
LESSON 2 PAGE 3 DESALINATION
*)* MATERIALS
$ea water and brine are corrosive. Therefore, special consideration for
prevention of corrosion is necessary in selecting construction materials
for the evaporator.
The bottom plate of the shell is of 3149 stainless steel clad. Front, rear,
and side plates are of 3169 stainless steel clad. the ceiling plate is of
3/19 stainless steel clad.
!ot brine is highly corrosive. Therefore, tubes and tube sheets are of
copper"nic8el, but tube sheets of the heat rejection section are made of
aluminum"bron:e.
Flashing devices, distillate troughs and demisters are of 3169 stainless
steel.
2)+ BRINE 6EATER
The low pressure e'haust steam enters the shell side of the brine heater and
is condensed on the outside surface of the tubes. The recycle brine is heated
to the re;uired ma'imum for entry to stage 1 of the evaporator. 3 small
amount of steam condensate is used for the desuperheater, the remainder
pumped bac8 to the power plant.
MODULE 8 MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE
DESALINATION LESSON 2 PAGE 4
,() --2-7) Brne 6eater)
2)* MATERIALS
$team is supplied to the shell side and condensate is used for high pressure
boiler feed water. The shell is made or carbon steel.
!ot brine flows through the tubes. 3s hot brine is highly corrosive, the tube
surface must be made of special anti"corrosive materials.
Tube and tube sheets are of 4/<3/ copper"nic8el alloy. Tube supports,
impingement baffles and vent baffles are of 3/19 stainless steel. The water
bo' is of alloy clad steel 6carbon steel base and 9/<1/ copper"nic8el alloy
clad7.
MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE MODULE 8
LESSON 2 PAGE 5 DESALINATION
0)+ DE AERATOR
3s you have learnt from lesson 1 the deaerator removes non"condensable
gases from the sea water ma8e up.
The o'ygen content of the sea water is further reduced by injecting sodium
sulphite after passing through the deaerator.
The structure of the deaerator is shown in Fig. %"#"6.
,() --2-8 Deaerator)
0)* MATERIALS
The shell is made of carbon steel and the inside surface of the shell plate is
lined with neoprene rubber to prevent the shell plate from corrosion by hot sea
water. *ate distributor pipes, stripping steam pipes and gratings for pac8ings
layer are made of F= 6Fiber =einforced lastics7 to prevent corrosion.
ac8ings and spray no::les are made of polypropylene.
7)+ VACUUM S9STEM
The vacuum system consists of a pre"condenser and three stages ejectors
and condensers, arranged in series. The detailed structure of the ejector is
shown in Fig. %"#"4.
MODULE 8 MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE
DESALINATION LESSON 2 PAGE 6
,() --2-:) E;e$tor)
MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE MODULE 8
LESSON 2 PAGE 7 DESALINATION
,() --2-2) IPre Condenser)
MODULE 8 MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE
DESALINATION LESSON 2 PAGE 8
,() --2--) Ist) Inter Condenser
MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE MODULE 8
LESSON 2 PAGE 9 DESALINATION
,() --2-4)
7)* MATERIALS
&jectors are made of stainless steel to prevent corrosion by steam with sea
water mist. The air chamber, the steam no::le and the spray no::le are of
3169 stainless steel. The diffuser is of 3169 and F3169 stainless steel. The
steam chest is of 3169T stainless steel.
3lmost all p>arts of condensers are made of F= to prevent corrosion by hot
sea water.
MODULE 8 MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE
DESALINATION LESSON 2 PAGE 10
8)+ BRINE BLO< DO<N PUMP
-ne only per unit, and is used to discharge part of the concentrated brine from
the last stage to the out fall canal. 3s in the previous pump, the bearing sea
water system supplies the lubricating and sealing water.
0apacity
#,3%/m
3
<hr
=?
41/
motor output
1++ 8*
,() --2-*+) Brne P%&'s)
MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE MODULE 8
LESSON 2 PAGE 11 DESALINATION
:)+ PRODUCT <ATER PUMP
Two per plant, one standby duty. 9ubricating and sealing water are supplied
from the pump bearing water system, but using .($T(99&. *3T&=. (t is also
electrically driven, and is a vertical pit barrel type.
0apacity
1,#1%m
3
<hr
=?
1,19/
motor output
#1/ 8*
,() --2-**) Condensate Ret%rn P%&')
-)+ MA=E-UP>TEMPERING PUMP
There are three per unit with two stand by. They supply ma8e"up sea water
which also serves other functions besides ma8e"up water. They are of
hori:ontal split casing, centrifugal, double suction type, driven by electric
motor.
0apacity
3,143m
3
<hr
=?
%9/
MODULE 8 MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE
DESALINATION LESSON 2 PAGE 12
motor output
#// 8*
MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE MODULE 8
LESSON 2 PAGE 13 DESALINATION
,() --2-*2) Ma?e-%'>Te&'ern( P%&')
4)+ EJECTOR CONDENSER <ATER PUMP
Two per unit, one stand"by duty. This pump is used to pump up the sea water
from the sea water supply header to the heat rejection system, and to supply
sea water cooling for the barometric condensers of the vacuum jet system. 3
smaller version of the ma8e"up<tempering pump.
0apacity
1,36+m
3
<hr
=?
1,19/
motor output
6+ 8*
MODULE 8 MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE
DESALINATION LESSON 2 PAGE 14
,() --2-*0) Do%#"e s%$ton '%&')
*+)+ DE SUPER 6EATER
The steam de super heater reduces the temperature of the 9 steam supplied
to the brine heater from the power plant. (t is a spray no::le type.
MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE MODULE 8
LESSON 2 PAGE 15 DESALINATION
,() --2-*7) Des%'erheater)
@UESTIONS
1. *here e'actly does the steam come from that supplies the brine heater@
#. *hy are parts of the evaporator made from alloys@
3. !ow is air pumped out of the evaporator@
1. *hat 8ind or bearings can be sea water cooled and lubricated@
+. *hy are the bearings on the product water pump cooled by distillate@
6. *hich other pump also re;uires distillate cooling<lubrication@
4. *hat is the advantage of a double suction pump@
MODULE 8 MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE COURSE
DESALINATION LESSON 2 PAGE 16