CONFIDENTIAL: For Discussion Purposes Only 1

INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM
FROM: RGPPC
SUBJECT: INCOME INEQUALITY
DATE: APRIL 14, 2014

After suffering through the botched rollout of Obamacare, President Obama is attempting to use 2014 to shift focus
toward income inequality. In response, Democrats are focused on extending unemployment insurance and raising the
minimum wage. In February, President Obama used an executive order to raise the minimum wage for new federal
contractors from $7.25 to $10.10 an hour. Delaware and Connecticut have also passed state minimum wage increases this
year, with Connecticut being the first state to pass a $10.10 an hour minimum wage.

Unemployment Insurance
On December 28, long-term unemployment insurance expired, now affecting 1.7 million people. After failed attempts to
pass extensions in January and February, the Senate voted last week to advance legislation restoring long-term
unemployment benefits for five months. The five month extension would be retroactive, expiring again on June 1. Under
this plan, the cost of extending the benefits would be paid for by changing federal pension laws and extending U.S.
custom fees. Republicans signing on to this bill include Senators Susan Collins of Maine, Rob Portman of Ohio, Lisa
Murkowski of Alaska, Mark Kirk of Illinois, and Dean Heller of Nevada. These senators were joined by five other
Republicans to pass the bill 65-34. Republican House Speaker John Boehner of Ohio has said that he would consider
extending the benefits if the Senate offset the cost of the extension and included job creation measures.
i


Minimum Wage
Minimum wage has already proven to be a hot button issue this year as both Democrats and Republicans have designated
income inequality as a priority. The New York Times reports that the Democrats strategy to tackle minimum wage comes
as a two-pronged approach, an effort to raise the federal minimum wage, to be pushed by President Obama and
congressional leaders, and a campaign to place state-level minimum wage proposals on the ballot in states with hotly
contested congressional races.
ii


Although raising minimum wage is a politically popular issue, overall support of raising the federal minimum wage has
fallen after the February release of the Congressional Budget Offices report of the impact of a wage hike on the economy.
A poll taken by Rasmussen Reports in late February found that 50% of Americans favor raising the federal minimum
wage from $7.25 to $10.10 an hour, down from 55% in late January and 61% last July.
iii


As state and federal lawmakers debate raising the federal minimum wage, President Obama has taken matters into his own
hands. After announcing the measure in his State of the State address, President Obama signed an Executive Order to raise
the minimum wage for new federal contractors from $7.25 to $10.10 an hour. Of the approximately 2 million Americans
who are on federal contracts, about 560,000 workers are paid $12 or less. The executive order increased the minimum
wage for new federal contract workers by 39%. President Obama is also continuing to urge Congress to pass an increase
in minimum wage.

Senate Democrats have recently proposed a new minimum wage bill with text similar to the original Harkin bill. The bill,
S. 2223, the Harkin-Merkley-Reid bill, proposes raising the hourly minimum wage from $7.25 to $10.10 by 2016. This
bill would delay the first increase to the minimum wage for six months, and extend through 2016 the $500,000 cap for
small business expensing of investments eligible for deductions. The legislation is expected to see action on April 30.
CONFIDENTIAL: For Discussion Purposes Only 2


Senator Susan Collins (R-ME) is planning to use momentum from the Senates bipartisan vote on jobless aid to press for a
compromise on a modest increase in minimum wage. Her draft plan seeks to combine a smaller increase in the minimum
wage with small business incentives and a repeal of the 30-hour work week. Other Republican allies of Senator Collins
Senators Portman and Hellerare opposed to raising the minimum wage (CQ News).


Messaging and talking points against raising the minimum wage:

A study released by the American Action Forum found that during 2013, states with minimum wages higher than the
federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour averaged higher unemployment rates and lower net job growth than states
with minimum wages at $7.25 per hour. The average unemployment rate was one percentage point higher in states
with minimum wage above the federal wage than states with minimum wages at $7.25 an hour. Additionally, high
minimum wages had an even more drastic effect on teenage unemployment. The average teenage unemployment rate
was two percentage points higher in states with minimum wage above the federal wage than states with minimum
wages at $7.25 an hour. According to the National Journal, teens from low income households are hit hardest by the
labor market. Low teen employment adversely affects the long-term health of the American economy, and handicaps
teens from finding quality, well-paying jobs later in life.
iv


Using recent data to analyze the impact of raising the minimum wage on employment, that study found that a $1
increase in minimum wage was associated with a:
1.48% increase in the unemployment rate
0.18% decrease in net job growth rate
4.67% increase in the teenage unemployment rate
4.01% decrease in the teenage job growth rate
In total, high state minimum wages increased unemployment by 747,000 workers and reduced job growth by
83,300 jobs.

The recent CBO report, The Effects of a Minimum-Wage Increase on Employment and Family Income found that
once fully implemented in 2016, a minimum wage increase to $10.10 an hour would reduce total employment by
about 500,000 workers or 0.3 percent. At the same time, the wage increase would increase earnings for low-wage
workers by $31 billion. However, only 19 percent of the $31 billion would accrue to families with earnings below
the poverty threshold, whereas 29 percent would accrue to families earning more than three times the poverty
threshold.
v


According to analysis done by the PEW Research Center on the Bureau of Labor Statistics 2012 report on the
Characteristics of Minimum Wage Workers, only 2.8% of all workers in the United States earn at or below minimum
wage.
Of these minimum wage earners:
50.6% are between the ages of 16-24; 24 % are teenagers, ages 16 to 19
78% are White
64% are part-time
Research suggests that minimum wage does not affect poverty levels, disproportionally helps those who arent poor,
and in fact, has an adverse effect on the working poor by eliminating low wage jobs.

From 2003 to 2009, the federal minimum wage rose incrementally from $5.15 to $7.25 an hour. Additionally,
between 2003 and 2007, 29 states increased their minimum wages above the federal minimum wage.
vi
However,
CONFIDENTIAL: For Discussion Purposes Only 3

according to a 2010 study published in the Southern Economic Journal, minimum wage increases between 2003
and 2007 had no effect on state poverty rates.
vii


Authors of the study, Joseph Sabia and Richard Burkhauses, also analyzed what affect raising the federal minimum
wage to $9.50 would have on the working poor. They found that of those gaining from the increase:
Only 11.3 percent of workers live in households officially defined as poor.
63.2 percent of workers were second or third earners living in households with incomes equal to twice the
poverty line or more.
Some 42.3 percent of workers were second or even third earners who live in households that have incomes equal
to three times the poverty line or more.
viii

Therefore, most workers (89%) that would be affected by a minimum wage increase are not poor.
ix
Furthermore,
minimum wage hikes adversely affect the poor by destroying low wage jobs. Sabia and Burkauses found that a 10
percent increase in minimum wage would reduce the number of low-wage jobs by 1 percent.
x
If the minimum
wage were to increase to $9.50 per hour for instance, 468,000 jobs would be lost.

According to the Wall Street Journal, cities across the country with wage mandates have adjusted employees
work hours, prices of goods, and supplies to cope. The owner of a restaurant chain in California charges 20 cents
more for the same meal combo at a store in San Jose, a city with a wage mandate, than he does in his other stores.
Other business owners in San Jose have decreased workers hours, increased prices, and reduced workers benefits
to offset the costs of higher wages.
xi



As the Democrats champion raising the minimum wage to alleviate income inequality, Republicans are messaging on
providing more opportunity through education, mobility, and economic progress. See examples of these Republican
themes below:

The latest Rasmussen poll on economic fairness v. economic growth found that 53% of Americans rate economic
growth over economic fairness.
xii
Rasmussen therefore concluded, President Obama has declared income equality to
be his number one issue this year, but most voters continue to rate economic growth as more important than economic
fairness.
xiii
Likewise, a Pew Research Center-USA Today survey found that 67% of Republicans believe the
government should take action to reduce poverty, while only 45% support action to reduce income inequality.

In a New York Times op-ed, Doug Holtz-Eakin, president of the American Action Forum dispelled several popular
notions regarding the minimum wage.
1- Raising the minimum wage will not truly help those in poverty: According to recent American Action Forum
research, 80 percent of minimum wage workers are not actually in poverty, increasing the federal minimum to
$10, as some have proposed, wouldn't benefit 99 percent of the people in poverty.
2- Raising the minimum wage will not aid economy recovery: Instead, raising the minimum wage will inhibit job
creation. Californias new increase in minimum wage is estimated to prevent the creation of almost 200,000 jobs,
redistributing wages from new job holders to existing workers.
xiv

Read the full AAF studies here: The Steep Cost of $10 Minimum Wage; Primer: Minimum Wage and Combating Poverty

In a New York Times op-ed, David Brooks points out that The primary problem for the poor is not that they are
getting paid too little for the hours they work. It is that they are not working full time or at all. Raising the minimum
wage is popular politics; it is not effective policy. He asserts, If were going to mobilize a policy revolution, we
CONFIDENTIAL: For Discussion Purposes Only 4

should focus on the real concrete issues: bad schools, no jobs for young men, broken families, neighborhoods without
mediating institutions. We should not be focusing on a secondary issue and a statistical byproduct.
xv


The National Federation Independent Businesses Massachusetts State Director Bill Vernon noted that increasing
minimum wage weakens the economy, stating, We all want to earn more money, especially low-wage workers. But
we can only produce higher income and more wealth by producing more economic output. Without higher
production, increasing the minimum wage simply results in fewer jobs, higher prices for consumers and more reasons
for businesses to abandon or avoid Massachusetts.
xvi


Tom Donahue, president & CEO of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, attributes income equality not to low minimum
wage, but to a lack of opportunities. Donahue said, Weve been sitting on our heels because the view across the
street is that more government programs are going to create more jobs. Our view is that more freedom for the job
creators is going to create more jobs, Mr. Donohue said.
xvii


In a Washington Post Op-Ed, Glenn Hubbard, former chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers under President
George W. Bush emphasized that a higher minimum wage does not tackle joblessness. He states,

By focusing on low-paid workers, the presidents effort on the minimum wage seems to advance inclusion but
ultimately does not. A higher minimum wage raises neither hours worked nor employment. Indeed, a core failure
of a higher minimum wage as an anti-poverty tool is that it does not tackle joblessness.
In fact, a higher wage almost surely reduces employment, as David Neumark and William Waschers survey of
empirical studies on the minimum wage concluded. And the costs of a higher minimum wage are borne by lower
employment, lost profits to employers and higher prices for consumers an odd way to fund a social
objective.
xviii


The Washington Post highlights the rhetorical shift occurring within the Democratic Party on the income inequality
issue: Opportunity and mobility are the right things to be talking about, said Jared Bernstein, a former economic
adviser to Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. and now a senior fellow at the liberal Center on Budget and Policy
Priorities. I think the word inequality means different things to different people. We always have inequality, and in
America were not that upset about inequality of outcomes. But we are upset about inequality of opportunity.
xix


An editorial in the Wall Street Journal details how an expiration of long term jobless benefits in North Carolina led to
decrease in joblessness. The Tarheel State let 73 weeks of jobless benefits expire in July, and in a mere six months
the jobless rate fell to 6.9% in December from 8.9% in July. That's far more rapidly than the decline in the national
rate, which fell to 6.7% from 7.3% in July. Although some in North Carolina may have been hurt by the decision not
to extend long term unemployment benefits, many more benefited from the decision by gaining a job.
xx



Comprehensive Overview of Minimum Wage in the States

The federal minimum wage of $7.25, last raised in 2009 by President George W. Bush prevails in 29 states. Twenty-one
states and the District of Columbia have minimum wages exceeding the federal minimum wage. The current highest
minimum wage occurs in Washington at $9.32, with the second highest in Oregon at $9.10.
xxi


2013 Minimum Wage Legislation
During the 2013 state legislative sessions, around 150 bills in 34 states addressed minimum wage issues, including
providing for increases to the state minimum wage, addressing base wages for tipped employees, and restricting the
authority of local units of government to enact or enforce a local minimum wage, among other provisions. There have also
CONFIDENTIAL: For Discussion Purposes Only 5

been five bills on minimum wage introduced in the U.S. Congress. For a full list of these legislative proposals and their
status see: http://www.ncsl.org/research/labor-and-employment/2013-state-minimum-wage-legislation.aspx

As of January 1, 2014, the following thirteen states saw an increase in their minimum wage
xxii
:
Arizona $7.90
Colorado $8.00
Connecticut $8.70
Florida $7.93
Missouri $7.50
Montana $7.90
New Jersey $8.25
New York $8.00
Ohio $7.95
Oregon $9.10
Rhode Island $8.00
Vermont $8.73
Washington $9.32

Other than New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Jersey all the above increases were the result of indexed
automatic adjustments.
xxiii


2013 Minimum Wage Legislation



California
1

Jerry Brown
Governor Jerry Brown signed legislation raising the states minimum wage from the current $8
per hour to $10 per hour by 2016.
Connecticut
1

Dan Malloy
Governor Dan Malloy signed legislation that will raise minimum wage from $8.25 to $9 an hour
over the next year and a half. Governor Malloy has also recently proposed to raise the minimum
wage to $10.10 by 2017.
New Jersey
1

Chris Christie
In January 2013, Governor Christie conditionally vetoed legislation raising the hourly minimum
wage from $7.25 to $8.50, and proposed a plan to instead increase minimum wage by $1 over
three years. Christies plan also provided a 25 percent increase to the Earned Income Tax Credit.
The New Jersey legislature responded by lowering the immediate increase to $8.25, and then
reenacted the measure as an amendment to the state constitution, to be voted on by New Jersey
voters. On November 5, 2013, New Jersey voters approved the ballot initiative, raising the
minimum wage from $7.25 to $8.25 an hour and tying future increases to inflation.

New Mexico
1

Susana Martinez
Minimum wage legislation was unsuccessful in New Mexico, where Governor Martinez vetoed a
bill to increase the states minimum wage to from $7.50 to $8.50 in March 2013. Martinez had
instead proposed to raise the minimum wage to $7.80. In her veto message, Governor Martinez
stated, In order for New Mexico to thrive economically, we must be competitive with our
surrounding states in terms of our tax code, regulatory environment and the minimum wage.

New York
1

Andrew Cuomo
New Yorks 2013-2014 budget includes an increase to minimum wage from $7.25 to $9 an hour
over three years.
Rhode Island
1

Lincoln Chafee
Governor Chafee signed legislation increasing Rhode Islands minimum wage to $8 from $7.75 an
hour, effective January 2014.

CONFIDENTIAL: For Discussion Purposes Only 6




2014 Minimum Wage Tracker
State/Governor Ballot Initiative/Movement in the State Legislation
Alabama
xxiv

Robert Bentley
State Representative Darrio Melton (D) will
propose a constitutional amendment in this years
legislative session to gradually raise the minimum
wage from $7.25 to $9.80 by 2016.
Alaskaxxv
Sean Parnell
Over 43,500 signatures were submitted to the
Alaska Divisions of Elections on January 17
requesting that minimum wage be placed on the
August ballot. The ballot initiative would raise the
minimum wage to $8.75 on January 2015, then to
$9.75 in 2016. After that, minimum wage would
be tied to inflation, or be raised to $1 above the
federal minimum wage, whichever is greater. The
Division of Elections and Lieutenant Governors
Office has 60 days (March 18th) to verify
signatures, certify and review the petition.

Arkansas
xxvi

Mike Beebe
Efforts are underway to collect signatures to place
a minimum wage increase on the Arkansas ballot.
The ballot proposal from Give Arkansas a Raise
Now was approved by the state attorney general
in early January. The proposal raises the current
minimum wage from $6.25 per hour to $8.50 per
hour by 2017.

California
xxvii

Jerry Brown
Although Governor Jerry Brown signed legislation
raising the states minimum wage to $10 an hour by
2016 last year, legislation has recently been
introduced in the California Senate that would
significantly increase the states minimum wage.
The bill would increase the minimum wage to $13
by 2017, then tie an annual wage increase to
inflation beginning in 2018.
Connecticut
xxviii

Dannel Malloy
In March 2014, Connecticut became the first state
to pass a $10.10 minimum wage when Governor
Dannel Malloy signed the measure into law. The
bill raises the minimum wage from $8.70 an hour to
$10.10 over three years.
Delaware
xxix

Jack Markell
On January 30, 2014, Governor Jack Markell
signed Senate Bill 6, which will raise the states
minimum wage to $8.25 by 2015. The hike will
take place in two increments.
Hawaii
xxx

Neil Abercrombie

Hawaii Senate Democrats are moving legislation to
raise the minimum wage to $9.25 per hour by 2017;
the bill has been sent to Ways and Means
committee.
CONFIDENTIAL: For Discussion Purposes Only 7

Iowa
xxxi

Terry Branstad
State Senator Tom Courtney (D) has filed a bill to
raise the states minimum wage from $7.25 to
$10.10 an hour. The bill has received support from
other Democrats. Nationally, Iowa Senator Tom
Harkin (D) is pushing a bill to raise the federal
minimum wage to $10.10 an hour
Kentucky
xxxii

Steve Beshear
Kentucky House Democrats are pushing legislation
to raise the minimum wage from $7.25 to $10.10 an
hour over next three years, mirroring a Senate Bill
under consideration.
Maryland
xxxiii

Martin OMalley
Governor OMalleys 2014 legislative package
contains bills to raise Marylands minimum wage
from $7.25 an hour to $10.10 an hour by 2016, after
which the minimum wage would be indexed to
inflation.
Massachusetts
xxxiv

Deval Patrick
On November 19, the Massachusetts State Senate
voted 32-7 to raise the states minimum wage to
$11 an hour from $8 an hour over three years. The
bill is now awaiting a vote in the states House of
Representatives. Governor Deval Patrick has been
vocally supportive of raising the states minimum
wage.
Minnesota
xxxv

Mark Dayton
Minimum wage will likely be an issue for the 2014
Minnesota legislature. Minimum wage legislation
was proposed by the state House and state Senate
last year and must be negotiated before a wage
increase can occur. The state House proposed
raising the minimum wage to $9.50, while the state
Senates version increased the wage to $7.75.
Missouri
xxxvi

Jay Nixon
Minority Democrats in the Missouri Legislature
are seeking to raise the states minimum wage to
$8.25 an hour from the current $7.50. Although a
minimum wage hike through the Legislature will
likely be unsuccessful, supporters are currently
gathering signatures to place the issues on the
ballot. The statewide ballot measure would set the
new minimum wage as high as $9.25 an hour,
indexed to inflation.

Nebraska
xxxvii

Dave Heineman
Minimum wage legislation has not yet been
released, but there is support from Democrats in
the Nebraska Senate to raise minimum wage. The
last minimum wage bill passed in Nebraska was
introduced in 2008 and raised the minimum wage
to its current $7.25 per hours.

New Jersey
xxxviiixxxix

Chris Christie
An Assembly Bill to raise the minimum wage was
introduced in January 2014.
New Hampshire
xl

Maggie Hassan
In New Hampshire, labor groups have listed an
increase in minimum wage as a top priority for the
upcoming legislative session. The state AFL-CIO
president in New Hampshire is pushing to increase
minimum wage from $7.25 to $9 over two years.

CONFIDENTIAL: For Discussion Purposes Only 8




New Mexico
xli

Susana Martinez
The bipartisan Senate Public Affairs Committee
tabled legislation to increase minimum wage from
$7.50 to $8.00.
New York
xlii

Andrew Cuomo

New Yorks 2013-2014 budget includes an increase
to minimum wage from $7.25 to $9 an hour over
three years.
Oklahoma
xliii

Mary Fallin
An Oklahoma House Bill seeks to set minimum
wage at $10.00 an hour, or federal minimum wage,
whichever is greater, effective November 1, 2014.
Pennsylvania
xliv

Tom Corbett
Pennsylvania State Representative Mark Cohen
introduced two bills to the Pennsylvania House to
repeal local control over minimum wages and raise
the state minimum wage from $7.25 to $9.00 within
60 days after passing, $10.10 a year later, and
$11.50 after two years.
Rhode Island
xlv

Lincoln Chafee
Three Rhode Island House Democrats are pushing a
bill to raise the minimum wage to $9.00 an hour
beginning January, 1 2015.
South Dakota
xlvi

Dennis Daugaard
South Dakota voters will vote on increasing
minimum wage by way of ballot initiative. The
measure seeks to increase South Dakotas
minimum wage from $7.25 to $8.50 an hour, and
includes annual cost-of-living increases.

Tennessee
xlvii

Bill Haslam
A bill sponsored by two Tennessee House
Democrats seeks to set the minimum wage to $8.25
for employees and dependents who are not
provided health benefits.
Utah
xlviii

Gary Herbert
State Rep. Lynn Hemingway (D) is proposing that
the current minimum wage be raised from $7.25 to
$10.25 under HB 73.
Washington
xlix

Jay Inslee
In his State of the State Address, Governor Jay
Inslee called for an increase to the states
minimum wage of $1.50 to $2.50 an hour,
describing the hike as a step toward closing the
widening economic gap. Legislation currently in
the Washington House would increase the
minimum wage to $11 an hour by 2017.

Wisconsin
l

Scott Walker
Legislation has been proposed by Wisconsin state
rep. Cory Mason (D) that would raise the minimum
wage from $7.25 to $10.10 an hour.
West Virginia
li

Earl Ray Tomblin


West Virginia State Senator Jack Yost (D)
introduced SB 411 which would raise minimum
wage to $8.25 by June 30, 2015
CONFIDENTIAL: For Discussion Purposes Only 9

i
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-03-27/senate-advances-long-term-unemployment-benefits-extension.html
ii
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/30/us/politics/democrats-turn-to-minimum-wage-as-2014-strategy.html
iii

http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/business/jobs_employment/february_2014/45_oppose_minimum_wage_hike_i
f_it_costs_jobs_39_still_favor
iv
http://www.nationaljournal.com/next-economy/big-questions/what-happens-when-american-teenagers-can-t-find-work-
20140409
v
http://cbo.gov/publication/44995
vi
http://www.ncpa.org/pub/ba792
vii
http://www.people.vcu.edu/~lrazzolini/GR2010.pdf
viii
http://www.ncpa.org/pub/ba792
ix
http://www.ncpa.org/pub/ba792
x
http://www.ncpa.org/pub/ba792
xi
http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304819004579489543160229468?mg=reno64-
wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052702304819004579489543160229468.html
xii
http://www.forbes.com/sites/cedricmuhammad/2014/01/15/unemployment-benefits-stalled-in-the-senate-because-the-
electorate-wants-economic-growth/
xiii
http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/business/general_business/economic_fairness
xiv
http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2013/12/04/making-low-wages-liveable/raising-minimum-wage-is-misguided-policy
xv
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/17/opinion/brooks-the-inequality-problem.html?_r=0
xvi
http://www.nfib.com/article/nfib-ma-says-minimum-wage-hike-will-hurt-small-business-teen-workers-63058/
xvii
http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2014/01/08/chamber-of-commerce-opportunity-gap-causes-income-inequality-not-economic-
system/
xviii
http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/tax-reform-is-the-best-way-to-tackle-income-
inequality/2014/01/10/112710ea-68ca-11e3-a0b9-249bbb34602c_story.html
xix
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/04/us/politics/obama-moves-to-the-right-in-a-partisan-war-of-words.html?hpw&rref=politics
xx
http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303942404579363031389777984
xxi
http://blog.al.com/wire/2014/01/lawmakers_raise_the_minimum_wa.html
xxii
http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2013/12/29/states-raising-minimum-wage/4221773/
xxiii
http://www.ncsl.org/research/labor-and-employment/state-minimum-wage-chart.aspx
xxiv
http://blog.al.com/wire/2014/01/lawmakers_raise_the_minimum_wa.html
xxv
http://www.adn.com/2014/01/17/3278807/labor-group-submits-signatures.html
xxvi
http://www.bizjournals.com/memphis/news/2014/01/06/Arkansas-minimum-wage-ballot-initiative.html
xxvii
http://thinkprogress.org/economy/2014/02/04/3245591/california-minimum-wage-highest/
xxviii
http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/28/us-usa-minimumwage-connecticut-idUSBREA2R04C20140328
xxix
http://news.delaware.gov/2014/01/30/governor-signs-legislation-to-raise-minimum-wage/
xxx
http://www.ncsl.org/research/labor-and-employment/minimum-wage-legislation-2014.aspx
xxxi
http://www.woi-tv.com/story/24399838/democrats-push-to-increase-minimum-wage
xxxii
http://www.kentucky.com/2014/01/03/3016377/stumbo-announces-push-to-raise.html
xxxiii
http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/md-politics/omalley-formally-unveils-plans-to-raise-minimum-wage-tackle-other-
remaining-goals/2014/01/20/a5c21294-81ee-11e3-bbe5-6a2a3141e3a9_story.html?tid=hpModule_99d5f542-86a2-11e2-9d71-
f0feafdd1394
xxxiv
http://www.bizjournals.com/boston/blog/mass_roundup/2013/11/mass-minimum-wage-hike.html?page=all
xxxv
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/govbeat/wp/2013/09/17/minnesota-legislature-likely-to-raise-minimum-wage/
xxxvi
http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/missouri-illinois-among-dozens-of-state-debating-their-own-
minimum/article_84bc5cb7-4018-5a28-842d-65ec083033d2.html
xxxvii
http://www.kvnonews.com/2014/01/will-nebraska-legislators-boost-minimum-wage/
xxxviii
http://www.nj.com/cumberland/index.ssf/2014/01/minimum_wage_increase_effective_jan_1_2014.html
xxxix
http://legiscan.com/NJ/text/A1573/2014

CONFIDENTIAL: For Discussion Purposes Only 10


xl
http://www.boston.com/news/local/new-hampshire/2014/01/07/labor-groups-announce-legislative-
agenda/fC8ij7PslsSZoXbMGdmyPP/story.html
xli
http://www.abqjournal.com/349482/news/both-sides-vote-against-bill-raising-minimum-wage-to-8.html
xlii
http://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2013/03/29/New-York-approves-9-minimum-wage/UPI-91321364537092/
xliii
http://webserver1.lsb.state.ok.us/cf_pdf/2013-14%20INT/hB/HB3389%20INT.PDF
xliv
http://www.grossmcginley.com/proposed-legislation-looks-to-increase-pennsylvania-minimum-wage/
xlv
http://legiscan.com/RI/bill/H7056/2014
xlvi
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/govbeat/wp/2013/11/04/south-dakota-will-vote-on-minimum-wage-increase/
xlvii
http://openstates.org/tn/bills/108/HB1694/
xlviii
http://utahpoliticalcapitol.com/2014/01/28/flagged-bill-hb-73-living-wage-amendments-rep-hemingway/#
xlix
http://www.bellinghamherald.com/2014/01/17/3425740/state-has-to-lead-way-on-making.html
l
http://fox6now.com/2014/01/09/minimum-wage-debate-heats-up-in-wisconsin/
li
http://www.theintelligencer.net/page/content.detail/id/595433.html