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L72
\ l 5 .
Modeli,ng MEMS and NEMS
Again consider the isothermal thermopneumatic
actuator from
p
4. using the energy from Problem 4, plot the potential
well for
system. Discuss the possible
motions of the pendulum
in terms of
potential
well.
6. Again consider the equation of motion for a pendulum
from
problem
Rewrite this as a first-order system. Find ail critical points
of this
in the phase plane. Linearize near each critical point and determine
local behavior of solutions.
7. Again consider the equation of thermopneumatic
actuation from
lem 4. Rewrite this as a first-order system. Find all critical points
this system in the phase plane. Linearize near each critical point
a
determine the local behavior of solutions.
Plot the frequency-response
diagram for the forced mass-spring
for various values of
?.
How does the resonant frequency .ha.rge
f
How does the magnitude of the response depend on
1?
H;
the width of the peak depend on
7?
Discuss your answer in terrns
the
Q
for the system.
9. Compute an effective spring constant for an elastic microbeam of
1500pm, width 5pm, and height 10prm.
you
may assume a
y
modulus of 150GPa.
Compute the natural frequency of the beam system from problem
g
modeling it as a mass-spring and using your effective spring consta
Assume the beam has density 2300kg/m3
using the effective spring constant from
problem
9 and assuming
density of 2300kg
l^t,
consider a mass-spring system where the mr
is a ball 10pm in diameter. If the
e
is 250,,000, what is the
constant a?
IJsing the modified nonlinear version of Hooke,s law, write down
governing
equation for an undamped mass-spring oscillator. scale
equation and interpret the dimensionless constants that arise.
an energy and sketch the potential
well for this system.
Secti on 5.4
13. constd,u:,r,r"ud{-:pt"j."formations
of an erastic string with load p(c)
(y
-
t1z1@
+ L/2). Find the shape of the deflecteJ string using
Green's function representation
of the solution.
''
14. Consider an elastic string with initial deformation sin(rr) that is
leased from rest. solve for the motion of the string at all times f )
Plot your solution for various times.
8.
10.
11.
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L I s3JNaUAdAU CAICA-riIS
52
,
III. rrunuATrcs
ExERclsss
1. Establish properties (i) and (ii) of homogeneous deformations.
2. A homogeneous deformation of the form
x r : P r * T P z ,
x 2 :
P2 ,
x l :
Pl
is called a pure shear. For this deformation compute:
(a) the matrices of F, C, and B;
(b) the list I
"
of principal invariants of C (or B);
(c) the principal stretches.
3. Compute C, B, and -f
"for
an extension of amount I in the direction e.
4- show that a deformation is isochoric if and only if det c
:
r.
5. Show that
C
-
I * Vu * Vur + VurVu.
6. Show that a deformation is rigid if and only if
g
c
: (3, 3, l).
7' Show that the
"' ":::;":;::";:;given
bv
rz(c)
:
)'?1?, + 1313 + 1? 1?,
h(c)
:
A?A313
with,l, the principal stretches.
8. A deformation of the form
xr
:
ft(pr,
pz),
x2
:
fz(Pt, Pz),
. x 3 : P t
is called a plane strain. Show that for such a deformation the principal
stretch ,lr (in the pr direction) is unity. Show further that the deformation
is isochoric if and only if the other two principal
stretches, ,1" and lp,
satisfy
7 o :
9,
r0
1 l
I
; .
A8
t
s8 III. rrNsMATrcs
6. Consider the deformation defined in cylindrical coordinates
P r : R c o s @,
P z : R s i n @,
P t - 2 ,
X l : r c O s 0 ,
: r s i l l 0 ,
by
r : R , 0 : @ * a Z , z : 2 .
A deformation of this type is called a pure torsion;it describes a situation
in which a cylinder with generators parallel to the Z-axis is twisted
uniformly along its length with cross sections remaining parallel and
plane. The constant a represents the angle of twist per unit length. Show
that the corresponding displacement is given by
ur(p)
:
p, (cos p -
l )
-
pz si n
B,
uz(p): pr(cos p -
l ) * p, si n
p,
fr
:
dPt,
ar(P)
:
0'
Show further that both Vu and u approach zero as d + 0, and that, in
fact.
ur ( p) -
- apz p3+o( a) ,
uz( p) : dpr pt + o( a)
tlS d
--+
0.
8. MOTIONS
Let 0 be a body. A motion of 98 is a class C3 function
x : 0 x R - - + 6
with x(., r), for each fixed r, a deformation of a (Fig.
6). Thus a motion is a
smooth one-parameter family of deformations, the time r being the parameter.
We refer tor
x
:
x(p, /)
as the place occupied by the material point p at time r, and write
g,
:
x(0,, t)
I
We careful l y di sti ngui sh between the moti on x and i ts val ues x, and between the reference
map p and mat er i al poi nt s p.
x2
x3
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